Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Palpation-based scapular dyskinesis test: Inter-and intra-rater reliability and clinical advantages.","authors":"Jian Kim, Young Kyun Kim","doi":"10.1177/10538127241308969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538127241308969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Scapular Dyskinesis Test (SDT) is typically conducted using either real-time visual observation or video analysis. However, factors such as restricted shoulder mobility, higher body mass index (BMI), patient-centred care, and cultural considerations may impact the reliability of SDT results. Palpation offers an alternative approach that addresses these limitations by providing additional tactile information on joint function and dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and potential benefits of the palpation-based SDT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Videotaped, real-time visual observation, and palpation-based SDTs were conducted on 55 patients to assess the reliability and potential advantages of the palpation technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The inter-rater reliability of the palpation-based SDT was almost perfect (<i>k </i>= 0.82), while intra-rater reliability was similarly high (<i>k </i>= 0.97). Additionally, eight patients diagnosed with scapular dyskinesis (SD) were found to have Scapular Snapping Syndrome (SSS).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The palpation-based SDT demonstrated superior inter-rater reliability compared to video analysis and real-time visual observation, with almost perfect reliability (<i>k </i>= 0.82). This method is particularly beneficial for patients with high or low BMI, those unable to remove clothing, and may be useful for detecting SSS. The findings suggest that palpation SDT is an effective tool for assessing scapular dyskinesis in various clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"10538127241308969"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of neural mobilization on respiratory parameters, pain, range of motion, and neck awareness in patients with chronic neck pain: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Elif Tunç, Emine Atıcı","doi":"10.1177/10538127251317924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538127251317924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic neck pain (CNP) does not have a direct effect on breathing, but movements are restricted due to pain, and kyphotic posture may make movement of the diaphragm difficult.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the effects of neural mobilization (NM) on respiratory functionss in patients with chronic neck pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Overall, 26 patients with CNP were randomly assigned to two groups: NM (10 sessions) or control. In these participants, pain intensity was first assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Next, the active range of motion (ROM) of the cervical joint was measured. Following this, respiratory function was evaluated using spirometry, which included parameters such as Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Finally, neck awareness was assessed using the Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire (FreNAQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant difference in terms of pain intensity (p < 0.05) and range of motion of the neck joint in both groups after treatment (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of respiratory function tests (p = 0.001) and neck awareness (p = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of our study suggest that the use of NM treatment in addition to conventional physiotherapy in patients with chronic neck pain has beneficial effects on respiratory functions, joint range of motion, pain, and neck awareness.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"10538127251317924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scapular asymmetry in patients with cervical disc herniation.","authors":"Ömer Dursun, Erhan Dincer, Gökmen Reyhanlı","doi":"10.1177/10538127241312781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538127241312781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The fact that scapular asymmetry and cervical disc herniation share similar findings (e.g. forward head posture, neck pain) necessitates the assessment of scapular asymmetry in cervical disc herniation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This comparative cross-sectional study sought to evaluate scapular asymmetry in cervical disc herniation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 114 participants, split evenly between those diagnosed with cervical disc herniation and healthy individuals. Neck and interscapular pain were assessed using a numerical rating scale. Mechanosensitivity in the upper trapezius and suboccipital muscle insertion was measured bilaterally with an analog algometer. Forward head posture was assessed by determining the craniocervical angle. Cervical range of motion was evaluated using a goniometer, while scapular asymmetry was tested using the lateral scapular slide test. Upper trapezius tightness was visually evaluated, and pectoralis minor length was measured using a plastic angle ruler.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scapular asymmetry ratio was significantly higher in patients with cervical disc herniation (p < .05). The study group demonstrated significantly greater mechanosensitivity and limited cervical range of motion (p < .05). Neck and interscapular pain were more prominent in the study group. Pectoralis minor length, upper trapezius tightness, and craniocervical angle were similar in both groups (p > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Scapular asymmetry is more prevalent in cervical disc herniation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"10538127241312781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of lumbar disc herniation and paraspinal muscles changes in patients with chronic low back pain.","authors":"Zhanglin Mou, Wenfang Yi, Mingbin Luo, Yingjuan Yang, Zhongwei Wang, Bo He, Derong Zhao","doi":"10.1177/10538127241305888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538127241305888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) exhibit changes in paraspinal muscles fat infiltration and cross-sectional area (CSA). However, the relationship between lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and paraspinal muscles changes in CLBP patients remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the relationship between LDH, fat infiltration in paraspinal muscles, and their CSA in patients with CLBP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 494 patients (201 males and 293 females) with an average age of 45.75 ± 12.93 years with CLBP were included in this study. Conventional magnetic resonance scanning sequences, inverted phase and Iterative Decomposition of water and fat with the Echo Asymmetry and Least-Square Estimation quantitation (IDEAL-IQ) sequences were used, and patients were assessed for pain on a visual analog scale (VAS). LDH was assessed based on T2 axial images at the L4-S1 level. Multifidus and erector spinae CSA and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) were measured bilaterally at the central level of the L4-S1 disc using the above-mentioned sequences and normalized by the square of height.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with LDH had a higher PDFF of the paraspinal muscles at the L4/5 level compared to those without LDH (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, the VAS score of patients with LDH was significantly higher than that of the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the change of paraspinal muscles CSA between patients with CLBP with and without LDH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with LDH, there is increased fatty infiltration in the paraspinal muscles, with no significant changes in CSA. Different types of LDH are not related to paraspinal muscles fatty infiltration and CSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"10538127241305888"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and focal vibration in older adults with osteoarthritis after total knee arthroplasty: A randomized clinical trial study.","authors":"Nikolaos Markopoulos, Thomas Apostolou, Ilias Kallistratos, Dimitrios Lytras, Paris Iakovidis","doi":"10.1177/10538127241304932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538127241304932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative balance disorders in older adults after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to osteoarthritis are commonly attributed to proprioceptive joint deficits. Both Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) and Focal Vibration (FV) can improve balance and proprioception.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine the combination of a PNF exercise program and quadriceps tendon FV in older adults after TKA due to osteoarthritis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety older adults who underwent TKA were randomly assigned to three groups of 30. The PNF Group followed a 6-week PNF exercise program starting four weeks post-surgery. The PNF + FV Group followed the same PNF program combined with FV applied to the rectus femoris and vastus medialis. The control group received instructions for a home-based exercise program. Pain (Numeric Pain Rating Scale; NPRS), knee range of motion (ROM), functional ability (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, KOOS), joint position sense (JPS), postural sway (force platform), and balance (Timed Up-and-Go; TUG test, Berg Balance Scale; BBS) were evaluated at baseline, six weeks, and six months post-intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA analysis was applied with significance set at p < .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PNF + FV group showed significant improvements compared to the control group in NPRS, KOOS, TUG, BBS, displacement parameters, and absolute error scores (p < .05). The PNF + FV group showed earlier improvements compared to the PNF group, indicating faster adjustments due to the combined effect of PNF and FV. Additionally, the PNF + FV group showed greater improvement in TUG, BBS, KOOS sport, anterior-posterior displacement distance, and absolute error scores at 25° compared to the PNF group (p < .05). PNF exercises improved knee ROM (p < .05) with no additional effect from FV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A 6-week protocol combining PNF exercises and FV significantly improved balance, knee joint position sense, knee functional ability, and pain intensity in older adults after TKA due to osteoarthritis. These findings suggest faster and more effective rehabilitation, potentially reducing postoperative disorders and future injury risks. Further research is needed to investigate the combination of FV and PNF.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"10538127241304932"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Return to school after adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) posterior spinal fusion: Establishing a baseline in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Abdullah Addar, Nizar Al-Qarni, Musab Alaqeel, Abdurahman Khalid Addweesh, Munib Nader Alkhateb, Abdulmonem Alsiddiky","doi":"10.1177/10538127251314026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538127251314026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Return to school (RTS) after adolescent idiopathic (AIS) scoliosis surgery is a critical outcome measure signifying a return to everyday life. Prior studies in Western populations report an average RTS of 42.3 days for AIS surgery. This study aims to estimate RTS and identify factors affecting it in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study included 48 AIS patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion (PSF). Data collected included demographics, surgical details, and recovery timelines. After identifying the average time to return to school, patients were categorized based on RTS duration, with a 42-day cutoff. Factors that could delay the time to return to school were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Among the 48 patients, 41 (85.4%) were female, with a mean age of 14.47 years (SD 2.7). The average RTS was 60.1 days (SD 24). Significant associations were found between RTS and age at surgery (12.92 years for RTS ≤ 42 days vs 14.84 years for RTS > 42 days, <i>p</i> = 0.04) and levels fused (15.40 for RTS ≤ 42 days vs 13.38 for RTS > 42 days, <i>p</i> = 0.036). Other factors showed no significant associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The average RTS after scoliosis correction in Saudi Arabia is two weeks longer than the average in other countries. Further studies are needed to develop solutions to reduce the delayed RTS in Saudi Arabia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"10538127251314026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical characteristics and neuromuscular action control mechanism of single-dual-task walking-conversion training in stroke patients.","authors":"Yilan Sheng, Jia Han","doi":"10.1177/10538127241308215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538127241308215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>This study aimed to explore the biomechanical characteristics of patients with stroke and neuromuscular action control mechanisms in single-dual-task walking-conversion training.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patients with stroke from four centers were enrolled and randomly divided into the cognitive combined treadmill-walking and exercise combined treadmill-walking groups (n = 30 per group). The gait spatiotemporal parameters, walking function, and fall risk of the two experimental groups were compared before and after 4 and 6 weeks of training. Surface electromyography (sEMG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were performed to analyze neuromuscular action control mechanisms in different task phases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 6 weeks of training, the gait spatiotemporal parameters, walking function, integral electromyogram (iEMG) values, and root mean square (RMS) of the affected lower limb muscles of the two experimental groups significantly improved (<i>P</i> < 0.01), while the fall risk was reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.01). fNIRS analysis showed that in both the single- and dual-task phases, HbO signal concentrations in the brain functional regions of the two experimental groups significantly increased after training (<i>P</i> < 0.01). These indicators were not significantly different between the two experimental groups after 6 weeks of training (<i>P</i> > 0.05). In addition, during the dual-task phase, the blood oxygen signal concentrations and functional connectivity in the functional brain regions of the two experimental groups were lower than those of healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cognitive or motor tasks combined with treadmill-walking training can promote the recovery of physical function in patients with stroke.<b>Clinical trial registration:</b> This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR; registration number: ChiCTR2200060864).</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"10538127241308215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of musculoskeletal pain in neck, trunk, and upper limbs among Korean and Chinese smartphone users by posture: A cross-sectional survey.","authors":"Yixin Wang, Ye-Jin Kim, Kyeong-Ah Moon, Joo-Hee Park, Hye-Seon Jeon","doi":"10.1177/10538127241296339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538127241296339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Posture during smartphone use is an important factor that affects musculoskeletal pain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of musculoskeletal pain in the neck, trunk, and upper extremities during smartphone use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 326 Chinese and Korean smartphone users participated in an online survey on smartphone posture, addiction, and musculoskeletal pain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The neck, shoulder, and lower back were most frequently affected, whereas the elbow, lower back, and forearm showed the highest level of discomfort. Stiffness was the predominant type of discomfort in most body parts. Numbness surpassed stiffness in the elbow and hand, whereas throbbing surpassed stiffness in the wrist. Body posture influenced upper arm and lower back discomfort, with a right-sided lying posture resulting in the highest level of lower back pain (p < 0.05). Using a smartphone with a more flexed neck posture increased neck discomfort (p < 0.05). Holding a smartphone with one hand, while controlling the screen with the opposite finger, increased hand pain (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The inferences obtained from this study indicate that smartphone usage posture significantly affects musculoskeletal discomfort. The suggested posture for minimizing musculoskeletal discomfort is to use the smartphone in a left-side-lying position, hold it vertically with both hands, and utilize both thumbs for texting and scrolling.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"10538127241296339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ageing and higher BMI explain movement control impairment distinctly better than chronic pain and its contributing factors: A cross-sectional study of 161 subjects with chronic low back pain and 42 pain-free controls.","authors":"Jani Mikkonen, Aleksi Reito, Hannu Luomajoki, Olavi Airaksinen, Jani Takatalo, Janne Pesonen, Ville Leinonen","doi":"10.1177/10538127241308968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538127241308968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of motor control impairments are among the most widely implemented management strategies for chronic low back pain (CLBP). Low back movement control tests described by Luomajoki et al. are reliable and valid for assessing the presence and severity of motor control impairment. However, very little is known about the importance of demographic and well-established CLBP contributing factors in explaining the presence and severity of any type of motor control impairment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study objectives were to evaluate the associations of the presence and the severity of movement control impairment with age, gender, BMI, CLBP and its intensity and duration, postural stability, self-reported central sensitization, kinesiophobia, and CLBP-related disability with logistic and ordinal regressions and Wald chi-squared tests.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 161 subjects with CLBP and 42 pain-free controls. The study was carried out in single private chiropractic clinic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher age and BMI were distinctly greater associated with a higher presence and severity of movement control impairment compared to the pain-related factors, namely the CLBP or its intensity or duration, central sensitization, kinesiophobia, and CLBP-related disability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results highlight the importance of considering demographic factors, such as age and BMI, when interpreting motor control impairment findings. Accordingly, the findings challenge the validity of testing motor control impairment in the management of CLBP.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"10538127241308968"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of instrument-assisted manipulation and mobilization with movement in chronic non-specific low back pain: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Erkan Erol, Mustafa Burak, Bülent Elbasan","doi":"10.1177/10538127241309343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538127241309343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low back pain is the third most reported complaint after headache and chronic fatigue, and more than 80% of the population will experience low back pain at some point in their lives.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We conducted this study to investigate the effects of instrument-assisted manipulation (IAM) and mobilization with movement (MWM) on joint range of motion (ROM), pain, proprioception, endurance, back awareness, and disability in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>51 participants with CNSLBP were randomized to one of three groups: (1) MWM; (2) IAM; or (3) core exercise. Joint ROM, pain, proprioception, endurance, back awareness, and disability were assessed at baseline, week 2 and 6.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Joint ROM and activity pain scores increased in all groups (p < 0.05). Both activity and resting pain improved in the MWM group (p < 0.001; p = 0.004). Most measures related to proprioception improved in the MWM group (p = 0.005; p = 0.016; p = 0.016). Endurance increased in all groups, but the flexor endurance increase was higher in the MWM group (p < 0.05). Back awareness and disability increased in all groups (p < 0.05), but disability increased most in MWM group (p = 0.022).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MWM could effectively improve pain, proprioception, endurance, and disability.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"10538127241309343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}