Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Morphological changes after open lumbar microdiscectomy at 2-year follow-up.","authors":"Abdullah Talha Şimşek, Begümhan Baysal, Baha Eldin Adam, Fatih Çalış, Arda Topçam, Mahmut Demirkol, Mahmut Bilal Doğan, Ayse Hande Erol Binguler, Numan Karaarslan, Naci Balak","doi":"10.3233/BMR-220371","DOIUrl":"10.3233/BMR-220371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is known that a possible decrease in disc height (DH) and foraminal size after open lumbar microdiscectomy (OLM) may cause pain in the long term. However, there is still insufficient information about the short- or long-term pathoanatomical and morphological effects of microdiscectomy. For example, the exact temporal course of the change in DH is not well known.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine morphological changes in DH and foramen dimensions after OLM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In patients who underwent OLM for single-level lumbar disc herniation, MRI scans were obtained before surgery, and at an average of two years after surgery. In addition to DH measurements, foraminal area (FA), foraminal height (FH), superior foraminal width (SFW), and inferior foraminal width (IFW), were measured bilaterally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A postoperative increase in DH was observed at all vertebral levels, with an average of 5.5%. The mean right FHs were 15.3 mm and 15.7 mm before and after surgery, respectively (p= 0.062), while the left FHs were 14.8 mm and 15.8 mm before and after surgery (p= 0.271). The mean right SFW was 5.4 mm before surgery and 5.7 mm after surgery, while the mean right IFW ranged from 3.6 mm to 3.9 mm. The mean left SFW was 4.8 mm before surgery and 5.2 mm after surgery, while the mean left IFW ranged from 3.5 mm to 3.9 mm. Before surgery, the FAs were, on average, 77.1 mm2 and 75.6 mm2 on the right and left sides, respectively. At the 2-year follow-up, the mean FAs were 84.0 mm2 and 80.2 mm2 on the right and left sides, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contrary to prevalent belief, in patients who underwent single-level unilateral OLM, we observed that there may be an increase rather than a decrease in DH or foramen size at the 2-year follow-up. Our findings need to be confirmed by studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10193930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between foot morphologic characteristic and postural control after jump-landing in youth competitive athletes.","authors":"Noriaki Maeda, Shogo Tsutsumi, Satoshi Arima, Yasunari Ikuta, Kai Ushio, Makoto Komiya, Tsubasa Tashiro, Yuichi Nishikawa, Toshiki Kobayashi, Tomoyuki Nakasa, Nobuo Adachi, Yukio Urabe","doi":"10.3233/BMR-230122","DOIUrl":"10.3233/BMR-230122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foot arch dynamics play an important role in dynamic postural control. Association between foot arch dynamics and postural control among adolescent athletes remains poorly explored.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the relationship between foot arch dynamics, intrinsic foot muscle (IFM) morphology, and toe flexor strength and dynamic postural stability after jump landing and repetitive rebound jump performance in competitive adolescent athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on foot arch dynamics, evaluated from relative change in the foot arch height in sitting and standing positions, 50 adolescent athletes were classified as stiff, normal, or flexible. IFM morphology was evaluated by ultrasonography. Dynamic postural stability index (DPSI) was measured as participants jumped and landed with the right leg onto a force plate, whereas repetitive rebound jumping performance was assessed using the jump height and reactive jump index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The stiff group had a significantly worse DPSI and vertical stability index than the normal group (p= 0.26, p= 0.44, respectively), and worse anteroposterior stability index (APSI) values than the flexible group (p= 0.005). Multivariate regression models of the relationship between the APSI and foot arch dynamics showed adequate power (probability of error = 0.912).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased foot arch stiffness negatively affects dynamic balance during jump-landing, which may deteriorate their performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138797303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of non-invasive objective markers for the rehabilitative diagnosis of central sensitization in patients with fibromyalgia: A systematic review.","authors":"Yasemin Smeets, Remko Soer, Evangelia Chatziantoniou, Rita H R Schiphorst Preuper, Michiel F Reneman, André P Wolff, Hans Timmerman","doi":"10.3233/BMR-220430","DOIUrl":"10.3233/BMR-220430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Central sensitization cannot be demonstrated directly in humans. Therefore, studies used different proxy markers (signs, symptoms and tools) to identify factors assumed to relate to central sensitization in humans, that is, Human Assumed Central Sensitization (HACS). The aims of this systematic review were to identify non-invasive objective markers of HACS and the instruments to assess these markers in patients with fibromyalgia (FM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted with the following inclusion criteria: (1) adults, (2) diagnosed with FM, and (3) markers and instruments for HACS had to be non-invasive. Data were subsequently extracted, and studies were assessed for risk of bias using the quality assessment tools developed by the National Institute of Health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>78 studies (n= 5234 participants) were included and the findings were categorized in markers identified to assess peripheral and central manifestations of HACS. The identified markers for peripheral manifestations of HACS, with at least moderate evidence, were pain after-sensation decline rates, mechanical pain thresholds, pressure pain threshold, sound 'pressure' pain threshold, cutaneous silent period, slowly repeated evoked pain sensitization and nociceptive flexion reflex threshold. The identified markers for central manifestations of HACS were efficacy of conditioned pain modulation with pressure pain conditioning and brain perfusion analysis. Instruments to assess these markers are: pin-prick stimulators, cuff-algometry, repetitive pressure stimulation using a pressure algometer, sound, electrodes and neuroimaging techniques.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review provides an overview of non-invasive markers and instruments for the assessment of HACS in patients with FM. Implementing these findings into clinical settings may help to identify HACS in patients with FM.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11091570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138797219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of non-specific back pain through exercise and education: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Pablo Hernandez-Lucas, Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez, Juan Lopez-Barreiro, José L García-Soidán","doi":"10.3233/BMR-230252","DOIUrl":"10.3233/BMR-230252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical practice guidelines stress the importance of prevention and treatment of non-specific back pain through exercise therapy. However, it has not yet been confirmed whether the combination of exercise plus education is more effective than such interventions taken separately.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if the combination of exercise plus education is more effective for the prevention of non-specific back pain than exercise or education alone.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic search of studies whose sample consisted of participants without non-specific back pain (primary prevention) and participants with non-specific back pain (secondary and tertiary prevention) was conducted in the following databases in March 2023: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Medline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 articles were selected. Statistically significant results were found in the pain variable with SMD =-2.02 (95% CI =-2.71 to -1.33; p< 0.001), the disability variable with SMD =-1.14 (95% CI =-1.63 to -0.65; p< 0.001), and the kinesiophobia variable with SMD =-1.8 (95% CI =-2.54 to -1.05; p< 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Interventions that combine exercise and education seem to have a greater preventive effect on non-specific back pain, disability and kinesiophobia than those that include exercise or education in an isolated manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139465782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical functioning in patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study in Jordan using self-reported questionnaire and performance-based tests.","authors":"Sumayeh Abujaber, Ibrahim Altubasi, Mohammad Hamdan, Raed Al-Zaben, Omar Bani-Ahmad","doi":"10.3233/BMR-230256","DOIUrl":"10.3233/BMR-230256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating condition that leads to functional limitations. Self-reported questionnaires and performance-based tests are tools commonly used for measuring physical function.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>(1) To evaluate the impact of end-stage knee OA on functional outcomes and examine the association between self-reported and performance-based measures of function in patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis awaiting total knee arthroplasty (2) To explore the interrelationships among pain, strength, and overall physical function in this patient population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional analysis, 33 patients with end-stage knee OA were recruited and completed the knee Outcome Survey-Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS) and executed performance-based tests including the Timed Up and Go, the 30-second chair stand test, and the Stair Climbing Test. Knee pain, and isometric hip and knee strength were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients perceived deficits in their physical functionwith a score of 35/100 on the KOS-ADLS and demonstrated functional limitations in all performed tasks. KOS-ADLs was weakly associated with TUG and 30s-CST (r=-0.301, p= 0.047, and r= 0.39, p= 0.014. respectively). Knee pain was linked with the KOS-ADL score and GRS score (r=-0.406, p= 0.010; r=-0.343, p= 0.027; respectively), while the strength of the affected side was correlated with the performed (p=< 0.001) and reported function outcomes (p= 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants exhibit declines in both perceived and executed functional abilities. Self-reported and performance-based functional measures are weakly correlated within our study group, highlighting the importance of incorporating both measures in clinical practice for a comprehensive evaluation of physical function. Pain was linked to subjective aspect of physical function, while strength was connected to perceived and performed functional capacity. Implementing a tailored rehabilitation program targeting muscle weakness and pain holds the potential to mitigate functional decline in individuals awaiting total knee arthroplasty (TKA).</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139512540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of posture and muscle stiffness between adolescent boys with haemophilia and age-matched healthy peers: An observational comparative study.","authors":"Volkan Deniz, Nevin Atalay Güzel, Bayram Kelle, Ali Bülent Antmen","doi":"10.3233/BMR-230185","DOIUrl":"10.3233/BMR-230185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Haemophilic arthropathy is likely to influence posture and muscle stiffness in adolescent male haemophilia patients (HP).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the possible change in upright standing posture and stiffness of the superficial postural muscles in HP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two HP aged between 12 and 19 years and twenty-two healthy peers were included in the study. The photogrammetry was used to assess the upright standing posture from sagittal and frontal planes. Also, stiffness of the superficial postural muscles was evaluated using the myotonometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant difference was found in the craniovertebral, lumbar lordosis, knee flexion-valgus, and ankle plantar flexion angles between the groups (p< 0.05). Craniovertebral, knee flexion, and knee valgus angles were lower; whereas lumbar lordosis and ankle plantar flexion angles were higher in HP compared to the healthy peers. Stiffness of the rectus femoris muscle was lower in HP (p< 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that the ankle, knee, lumbar, and craniovertebral segments' posture angles were changed and the stiffness of the rectus femoris muscle decreased in HP. Postural alterations and reduced rectus femoris stiffness should be considered in management of the musculoskeletal complications of haemophilia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139074119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of rehabilitation interventions on functioning in patients with hemophilic arthropathy: A systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Lorenzo Lippi, Alessandro de Sire, Alessio Turco, Roberto Mario Santi, Marco Polverelli, Antonio Ammendolia, Antonia Follenzi, Marco Invernizzi","doi":"10.3233/BMR-230320","DOIUrl":"10.3233/BMR-230320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hemophilic arthropathy is a detrimental condition that crucially affects functional outcomes in hemophilic patients. In recent years, due to the advances in systemic therapies, growing attention has been raised in the rehabilitation field in order to improve functional outcomes of hemophilic patients. However, the optimal rehabilitation modalities in these patients are far from being fully characterized.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to assess the effects of different rehabilitation interventions on physical functioning and health-related quality of life of hemophilic arthropathic patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Five databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until June 22nd, 2023. The selection criteria included adult patients with hemophilia A and B receiving rehabilitation interventions. The outcomes were muscle strength, physical function, pain intensity, physical performance, and health-related quality of life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1,743 identified records, 17 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Rehabilitation interventions were categorized into exercise intervention, fascial therapy, and multimodal intervention. The findings suggested positive outcomes in terms of muscle modifications, range of motion improvements, joint health enhancements, pain intensity reduction, and quality of life improvements. More in detail, meta-analyses showed significant improvements in pain intensity [ES: -1.10 cm (-1.37, -0.82), p< 0.00001], joint health [ES: -1.10 (-1.38, -0.82), p< 0.00001], In accordance, exercise interventions showed significant benefits in terms of joint health [ES: -2.54 (-3.25, -1.83), p< 0.00001)] and quality of life [ES: 1.17 (0.48, 1.86), p< 0.0000)].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rehabilitation interventions have a positive impact on functional outcomes and health-related quality of life of hemophilic arthropathic patients. Further studies are needed to better elucidate the role of a comprehensive intervention combining different rehabilitation approaches to treat hemophilic arthropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024, a year to improve your patients' lifestyle as well as your own?","authors":"Remko Soer","doi":"10.3233/BMR-245000","DOIUrl":"10.3233/BMR-245000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperative pain prediction of percutaneous kyphoplasty under local anesthesia by preoperative experimental pain assessment.","authors":"Xiqiang Zhong, Guangjie Shen, Yunfan Qian, Yimin Li, Chengxuan Tang, Xiaojun Tang, Shaoqi He","doi":"10.3233/BMR-230194","DOIUrl":"10.3233/BMR-230194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) is the preferred treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) Currently, the preoperative anesthesia methods for PKP are mainly local anesthesia and tracheal intubation general anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether patient sensitivity to pain measured preoperatively could predict the patients' pain response during PKP treatment under local anesthesia, to facilitate the development of an optimal preoperative anesthesia plan for patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-five female patients diagnosed with osteoporotic single vertebral fracture who were treated with PKP under local anesthesia were selected. The patients' pain sensitivities, including pain threshold and pain tolerance threshold, were evaluated with a pain test device on the day before the operation in the ward. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded before anesthesia, post-anesthesia, after needle puncture, and after balloon dilatation. At the same time, blood was drawn at the above time points to determine the level of norepinephrine (NA) as an indicator of intraoperative pain stress response. The numerical rating scale (NRS) during surgery was recorded at the end of the surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The preoperative pain tolerance threshold of 55 surgical patients was correlated with the intraoperative NRS score (r=-0.768, P< 0.001), as well as with the preoperative and intraoperative changes in HR (r=-0.791, P< 0.001), MAP (r=-0.819, P< 0.001), and NA (r=-0.553, P< 0.001). Thus, the lower the preoperative pain tolerance threshold, the more severe the patient's response to pain during PKP treatment under local anesthesia, and the greater the hemodynamic changes. Consequently, the intraoperative experience becomes worse. However, there was no correlation between preoperative pain threshold and NRS scores (r=-0.069, P= 0.616) nor between the preoperative and intraoperative changes in HR (r= 0.103, P= 0.453), MAP (r= 0.086, P= 0.535), and NA (r=-0.058, P= 0.674).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicated that preoperative pain assessment could predict the level of pain response in OVCF patients during PKP surgery under local anesthesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139074137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation analysis of low back forces in Snatch and Clean & Jerk movements via digital human modelling.","authors":"Denise Soares, Karim Abbady, Suat Kasap, Dimitar Shabanliyski","doi":"10.3233/BMR-230181","DOIUrl":"10.3233/BMR-230181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Weightlifting is an Olympic sport for dynamic strength and power, and requires the execution of different lifting techniques It is important to analyze the forces subjected to the lower back during weightlifting movements to prevent injuries. Digital Human Modeling (DHM) is a powerful tool that can be used to analyze and optimize the performance of humans while doing their work or activities.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study is to present a simulation analysis of the lower back forces during the execution of two weightlifting techniques: Snatch (SN) and Clean & Jerk (CJ), with different loads and for both genders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Digital Human modelling through JACK simulation package was used analyze the forces exerted on the lumbosacral area (L5-S1) of the lower back in order to determine the risk for low back injuries. The level of compression and shear forces recommended by the literature have been set as thresholds. The simulaitons were performed in male and female models, with loads from 20-100 kg.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show that any weight higher than 60 kg in both movements poses risk for the weightlifters in terms of compression and shear forces. It has been observed that weightlifters can lift greater loads in the CJ technique compared to the SN technique. Furthermore, females are able to lift higher loads with lower risk of injuries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Weightlifting is a high-risk activity due to the high levels of shear and compression forces that the body is exposed to during the lifting techniques. Digital Human Modeling holds significant value due to their ability to facilitate the exploration of diverse conditions within a safe environment, devoid of any potential harm to human subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139074138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}