Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Injuries Sustained by Cape Parrots (<i>Poicephalus robustus</i>) During Poaching Attempts.","authors":"","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-37.1.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-37.1.79","url":null,"abstract":"As avian veterinarians, when we talk about African parrots, the African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) may come to mind. However, across the continent and into the surrounding islands approximately a dozen other Old World parrots hail from Africa: Coracopsis species, the Vasa parrots; Psittacula species, including the Alexandrine, Echo, and Seychelles parakeets; Agapornis species, the lovebirds; and finally, Poicephalus species, including the commonly seen Meyer’s parrot (Poicephalus meyeri) and, most importantly to this article, the Cape parrot (Poicephalus robustus). Endemic to South Africa, the Cape parrot is listed nationally as critically endangered. The majority of the remaining population can be found in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, with a smaller isolated population in the Limpopo province. It is South Africa’s only extant, endemic parrot species. The Wild Bird Trust’s Cape Parrot Project (CPP) was established in 2009 in South Africa to conserve the Cape parrot with research to fill key knowledge gaps, as well as by partnering with local communities for habitat restoration. It was the first project of the Wild Bird Trust, which was founded by Rutledge ‘‘Steve’’ Boyes, PhD, out of Hogsback, Eastern Cape, South Africa, where Dr Boyes lived while researching Cape parrots in their native habitat. The Trust’s primary objective is keeping birds safe in the wild by securing critical habitat for the benefit of ecosystems, wildlife, and people, in perpetuity. The CPP staff are co–BirdLife South Africa Species Guardians with the Cape Parrot Working Group, and as instrumental stakeholders, their work is closely aligned with the Cape parrot and Mistbelt Habitat Conservation Action Plan developed in 2019. The CPP is funded mainly through private donors and corporate support, both nationally and internationally. Cassie Carstens is the research technician for the CPP in Hogsback. A cultural, trails, and bird guide by trade, Cassie has a BA in Heritage and Cultural Tourism from the University of Pretoria and a BSc in Geography from the University of South Africa. He started in ornithology working as a research assistant for the Fitzpatrick Institute of African Ornithology. A keen photographer, cartographer, and tree climber, he conducts technical fieldwork and research activities across the Cape parrot’s range in South Africa studying their movement patterns, food sources, and breeding behavior. Dr Francis Brooke is the research manager for the CPP in Hogsback. Her research interests lie in the ecology of threatened bird species. She recently completed her PhD in Nature Conservation through Nelson Mandela University, focusing on another threatened species, the Cape vulture (Gyps coprotheres) and, specifically, their vulnerability to renewable wind energy development. Her role as the research manager coordinates the research on the ground, focusing on breeding behaviors, movement patterns, and food availability for Cape parrots. Dr Kir","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"37 1","pages":"79-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9689330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Prevalence of Avian Chlamydiosis in Wild <i>Amazona</i> Species From Brazil Using Molecular Testing and Clinical Signs.","authors":"Bernardo Mirabal Santos,&nbsp;Edma Santos de Antonio,&nbsp;Douglas Campos Pereira,&nbsp;Ana Tereza Teixeira Silva Dourado,&nbsp;Márcio Borba da Silva,&nbsp;Ricardo Evangelista Fraga,&nbsp;Laize Tomazi","doi":"10.1647/21-00075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/21-00075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian chlamydiosis is a disease that occurs in birds, especially parrots, and is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i>. Wild Animal Screening Centers in Brazil receive, maintain, treat, and place (preferably to nature) wild animals recovered from illegal trafficking. We performed molecular testing for avian chlamydiosis in parrots from the genus <i>Amazona</i> that were presented to these centers. Cloacal swab samples were collected from 59 parrots (<i>Amazona</i> species) and transported in aqueous or culture medium. The samples were subsequently submitted for DNA extraction by the boiling method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using CPF/CPR primers, and agarose gel electrophoresis. Conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, and poor body condition were the clinical signs associated with a differential disease diagnosis of avian chlamydiosis. Transport medium did not have an effect on the test results. The prevalence of <i>C psittaci</i> in the samples was 37% (22/59, 95% confidence interval: 25-49). There was a significant (<i>P</i> = 0.009) association between the PCR test results and clinical signs. Follow-up testing was conducted on a subgroup of 14 individuals that initially tested negative on PCR; 50% (7/14) of these birds were found to be positive within 24 days of the first test. The results of this study confirm the feasibility of using the CPF/CFP primer-based PCR to detect <i>C psittaci</i> in <i>Amazona</i> species, describe a less costly method of transporting biological material for DNA extraction, and evaluate the temporal aspect for obtaining positive results through molecular testing for <i>C psittaci</i> in <i>Amazona</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"37 1","pages":"32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9689331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of <i>Gordonia</i> Species Infection in a Peach-Faced Lovebird (<i>Agapornis roseicollis</i>).","authors":"Nicolle T W Lofgren,&nbsp;Shachar Malka,&nbsp;Rosa M Bañuelos,&nbsp;Caitlin M Renna,&nbsp;Sophie Dennison-Gibby,&nbsp;Susan Sanchez","doi":"10.1647/20-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/20-00013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory distress is a common presentation for avian species. A 9-week-old peach-faced lovebird (<i>Agapornis roseicollis</i>) was presented with a 2-week history of progressive dyspnea. Computed tomographic (CT) images were suggestive of splenomegaly and bilateral granulomatous pulmonary disease. Polymerase chain reaction testing of samples from the choana, cloaca, and distal tracheal/syringeal area were positive for <i>Mycobacterium</i> species <i>hsp65</i>. A comparison search of the 400 base pair sequence in the NCBI/BLAST/blastn database revealed a best match of 93% similarity to <i>Gordonia</i> species and 91% similarity to <i>Gordonia bronchialis</i>. <i>Gordonia</i> is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota, the same lineage that includes <i>Mycobacterium</i> species. <i>Gordonia</i> species can be mistaken for <i>Mycobacterium</i> species unless more definitive diagnostic testing is pursued. Infection caused by <i>Gordonia</i> species is rare in humans. Reports commonly cite infection of immunocompromised patients, and to our knowledge, no reports of treatment have been published in the veterinary literature. After the test results were obtained, the patient was treated with azithromycin and pradofloxacin for 3 months. The lovebird was presented for reexamination when the antibiotic treatment was complete. When reexamined, and a second series of CT images evaluated, it was determined that the treatment achieved clinical resolution of signs and lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"37 1","pages":"57-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9689332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Surgical Removal of the Crystalline Lenses in a Black-Necked Swan (<i>Cygnus melancoryphus</i>).","authors":"Andrew C Lewin,&nbsp;Rebekah M Riedel,&nbsp;Patricia Queiroz-Williams,&nbsp;Renee T Carter","doi":"10.1647/22-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/22-00011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A captive-bred, adult, male, black-necked swan (<i>Cygnus melancoryphus</i>) was presented for evaluation of apparent vision loss due to cataract formation of an unknown duration. The animal was having difficulty navigating its enclosure, and lenticular opacities had been previously noted in both eyes. On examination, bilateral hypermature cataracts were diagnosed. Following preoperative diagnostic testing, surgical removal of the crystalline lenses in both eyes was performed using minor modifications of standard techniques. Follow-up examination and behavioral observation at 60 days postsurgery indicated that vision had been successfully restored without complications. We conclude that successful surgical removal of cataracts is possible in this species using modifications of standard techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"37 1","pages":"41-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9689334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Your Diagnosis?","authors":"","doi":"10.1647/23-00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/23-00018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"37 1","pages":"72-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9692406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selected Abstracts From the Literature","authors":"","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-36.4.434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-36.4.434","url":null,"abstract":"Bird flocks may be more like us then we think, benefiting from spending time with family (kin). In this study, the authors wanted to determine whether spending time with kin increased tolerance and cooperation between parrots. While many avian species exhibit preferred associations with kin, it is often challenging to separate active preferences from passive overlap. In this study, the authors used a network approach to measure the influence of kinship on social associations and interactions in wild, communally roosting sulphurcrested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita). The roosting behaviors and social associations of 561 marked birds from 3 roosts were measured. Additionally, genetic samples were collected from 205 cockatoos to construct a kinship network. This kinship data were used to evaluate how the genetic relatedness of the birds impacted 4 social networks: association, affiliative, low-intensity aggression, and highintensity aggression. The authors found that roosting groups were clearly defined; however, they showed little genetic differentiation or kin structuring. Juveniles, and especially females, were found to repeatedly move between roosts. For both within and between roosting groups, birds preferentially associated with kin; however, they also showed direct aggression towards kin when they shared roost membership. The authors’ findings suggest that sulphur-crested cockatoos prefer to associate with kin, both within and between roosting groups, as well as reveal evidence for the social complexity in parrots.","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 1","pages":"434 - 436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45562688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher's Statement","authors":"","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-36.4.fmii","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-36.4.fmii","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 1","pages":"fmii - fmii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47986286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery Masthead","authors":"A. King, Dvm Robert M. Groskin","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-36.4.fmi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-36.4.fmi","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"37 1","pages":"fmi - fmi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44790147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intralipid Emulsion Therapy for the Treatment of Suspected Toxicity in 2 Avian Species.","authors":"Lauren K Schmidt,&nbsp;Krista A Keller,&nbsp;Caroline Tonozzi,&nbsp;João Brandão,&nbsp;Jane Christman,&nbsp;Adam W Stern,&nbsp;Ashley E Allen-Durrance,&nbsp;Amy B Alexander","doi":"10.1647/21-00057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/21-00057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy has shown promise as a treatment option for a variety of lipophilic toxins. Two birds presented for suspected ingestion of a toxic substance. A blue-and-gold macaw (<i>Ara ararauna</i>) presented after chewing a block of bromethalin rodenticide without overt clinical signs at the time of presentation. Additionally, a free-ranging bald eagle (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) was found weak and depressed near a municipal landfill after presumptive ingestion of pentobarbital. Both birds were treated with ILE therapy for potential intoxication without any adverse events. The macaw was clinically normal after 3 days of hospitalization and at a 1-week reevaluation. The eagle was transferred to a rehabilitation center after markedly improved mentation and strength and was released 7 days later. Clinicians should consider ILE therapy for the treatment of lipophilic toxicities; however, monitoring is recommended for persistent lipemia and other adverse effects that have been reported in the veterinary literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 4","pages":"394-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9498335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Lipoprotein Analysis Using Gel-Permeation High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and a Biochemistry Analyzer in Normolipidemic and Dyslipidemic Quaker Parrots (<i>Myiopsitta monachus</i>).","authors":"Hugues Beaufrère,&nbsp;Darren Wood","doi":"10.1647/21-00076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/21-00076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipid accumulation disorders are common in psittacine birds and can be associated with changes in plasma lipoproteins, most notably low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). However, lipoprotein analysis by standard laboratory analyzers or an indirect method, such as the Friedewald formula, has not been validated in parrots. A research colony of 12 Quaker parrots (<i>Myiopsitta monachus</i>) were used to compare plasma values from the Roche Cobas c501 biochemistry analyzer for total cholesterol, total triglycerides, LDL, and HDL to gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography (GP-HPLC). To increase sample size and broaden the analytical range to include dyslipidemic samples, 2 cross-over studies were performed on a 0.3% cholesterol diet and a 20% fat diet. Agreement between methods was assessed by linear mixed models and Bland and Altman plots. The LDL concentrations calculated by the Friedewald formula and alternative formulas, and the effects of triglycerides on the biases, were also evaluated. Forty-five plasma samples were used. The cholesterol diet induced a marked increase in cholesterol and all lipoproteins, whereas the fat diet did not lead to dyslipidemia. Direct and indirect LDL measurements obtained with the clinical analyzer were not in clinical agreement with GP-HPLC, whereas HDL had acceptable agreement for normotriglyceridemic samples. Hypertriglyceridemic plasma samples were found to interfere with lipoprotein measurements. This study found LDL measured by the Roche Cobas c501 biochemistry analyzer and indirect estimations cannot be recommended in the Quaker parrot, and non-HDL cholesterol should be used instead. Lipoprotein panels obtained from hypertriglyceridemic samples should be interpreted with care.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 4","pages":"345-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9265283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}