Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Thermal Antinociceptive Effects of Intramuscular Hydromorphone Hydrochloride in Great Horned Owls (<i>Bubo virginianus</i>).","authors":"Marissa Rae Monopoli, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Joanne Paul-Murphy, Hugues Beaufrère, Michelle G Hawkins","doi":"10.1647/JAMS-D-22-00063","DOIUrl":"10.1647/JAMS-D-22-00063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Across the Americas, great horned owls (<i>Bubo virginianus</i>) are often presented to veterinarians for conditions requiring pain management. Although recent studies have evaluated opioid drugs in raptor species, information in Strigiformes is lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect and duration of action of hydromorphone hydrochloride, a full µ-opioid receptor agonist, in great horned owls. In a randomized, blinded, balanced crossover study, 6 adult birds (5 females and 1 male) received hydromorphone (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.03 mL/kg; control) in the left pectoral muscle, with a 7-day washout interval between treatments. Each bird was assigned an agitation-sedation score, and the thermal foot withdrawal threshold (TFWT) was measured at predetermined times before (<i>t</i> = 0 hours) and after treatment administration (<i>t</i> = 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 6 hours). Measurements of the TFWT were obtained with a test box equipped with a thermal perch, which delivered a gradually increasing temperature 40-62°C (104-143.6°F) to the right plantar surface of the owl's foot. Compared with controls, hydromorphone at 0.3 mg/kg dose resulted in significantly higher mean TFWT at 0.5 hours (<i>P</i> < 0.001), 1.5 hours (<i>P</i> = 0.003), and 3 hours (<i>P</i> = 0.005), whereas the 0.6 mg/kg dose resulted in significantly higher mean TFWT from 0.5 hours (<i>P</i> = 0.035) to 1.5 hours (<i>P</i> = 0.001). Both hydromorphone doses were associated with a significant change in the agitation-sedation score (<i>P</i> = 0.001), consistent with mild to moderate sedation. Two owls were observed tremoring after administration of the 0.6 mg/kg dose, which was not noted after the 0.5-hour timepoint; no other adverse effects were identified. This study offers scientific evidence to support the use of a µ-opioid agonist in great horned owls for pain management. Pharmacokinetics and other pharmacodynamic studies of other pain models evaluating hydromorphone and other opioid drugs in this species are still needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"37 3","pages":"209-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92154416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Study of Intertarsal Joint Inflammation in Avian Species From a Zoological Institution.","authors":"Antoine Leclerc, Nicolas Goddard, Océane Graillot, Alice Brunet, Baptiste Mulot","doi":"10.1647/D-22-00054","DOIUrl":"10.1647/D-22-00054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed to measure the prevalence of avian intertarsal inflammation over a 5-year period, identify risk factors, and discuss treatment options. The authors hypothesized that: 1) long-legged birds would be more affected, 2) participation in a bird show would be a significant risk factor, and 3) young animals would be more frequently affected. Thirty-five clinical cases from 9 avian orders were included in the study. Statistical analysis indicated that the orders Ciconiiformes (9/150; 6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2-11), Gruiformes (4/132; 3%, 95% CI: 1.2-7.5), and Pelecaniformes (7/152; 2.8%, 95% CI: 1.4-5.6) were significantly more affected than other orders (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Similarly, long-legged birds (21/35) had 9.8 times greater chance (<i>P</i> < 0.001, 95% CI: 4.7-21) of developing the condition compared with other birds. Participation in a free-flight show (22/35) was a significant risk factor (<i>P</i> < 0.001; odds ratio: 7.0, 95% CI: 3.3-15). Mean age at onset of clinical signs was 5.7 years, and being < 2 years-of-age during the study period was not a significant predictor of disease (<i>P</i> = 0.054). The tibial cartilage, a fragile fibrocartilaginous structure, was frequently affected (34%, 12/35). Treatment protocols included anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesic drugs, or both (94%, 33/35), low-level laser therapy (54%, 19/35), joint immobilization (34%, 12/35), intra-articular corticoid injections (20%, 7/35), surgical stabilization (17%, 6/35), physiotherapy (9%, 3/35), intra-articular hyaluronic acid (6%, 2/35) or platelet-rich plasma (3%, 1/35) injections, and chiropractic care (3%, 1/35). Overall recovery rate was 49% (17/35), and the condition was associated with a poor prognosis in chronic cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"37 3","pages":"235-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92154419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four Different Surgical Approaches to Vasectomies in Male Texas Bobwhite Quail (<i>Colinus virginianus texanus</i>) and Northern Bobwhite Quail (<i>Colinus virginianus</i>).","authors":"Stephanie K Lamb, Glenn H Olsen, Anthony Pilny","doi":"10.1647/2021-0132","DOIUrl":"10.1647/2021-0132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vasectomies render a male sterile and have been used for various management purposes, including conservation efforts. This report evaluated 4 different surgical approaches (external approach, internal approach with dissection, internal approach with cautery, and internal approach caudally) to perform 177 vasectomies in Texas bobwhite (<i>Colinus virginianus texanus</i>; n = 171) and northern bobwhite quail (<i>Colinus virginianus</i>; n = 6) in a field setting. Birds were not randomized into groups for the different approaches. Survival was recorded in 83% (147/177) of the birds. The most common cause of death was hemorrhage from the common iliac vein due to damage during the surgical procedure. Other causes for death included transection of the ureter, parasitism, euthanasia, and undetermined causes. The approach that had the highest survival rate (89.8%, 132/147) was the internal approach with cautery, and based on these results the authors recommend this approach for vasectomies in Texas and northern bobwhite quail.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"37 3","pages":"226-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92154417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Critical Care Nutrition on Weight Gain in African Penguin (<i>Spheniscus demersus</i>) Chicks.","authors":"Fiona Froehlich, Neil Forbes, Daniel Calvo Carrasco, Katta Ludynia, Nola J Parsons, Rebekah Dutton Worsfold, Tom Dutton","doi":"10.1647/D-20-00101","DOIUrl":"10.1647/D-20-00101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutritional support in malnourished animals is an essential aspect of wildlife rehabilitation; this support is especially relevant when providing lifesaving nutrition to endangered species such as the African penguin (<i>Spheniscus demersus</i>). This study investigated the short-term effects of a commercially available, semi-elemental, critical care diet compared with a hand-made fish formula. Twenty-one African penguin chicks were selected on admission to the Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Costal Birds in Cape Town, South Africa, in November 2015. Initial assessment included body weight, a full clinical exam, white blood cell count, packed cell volume, and total plasma protein. Ten animals received the commercial critical care diet, whereas a control group of 11 animals were fed hand-made formula for the 2-week study period. All animals were weighed daily and blood sampling was repeated after 14 days. The median weight of both groups increased significantly over 14 days (critical care diet χ² = 10.1, <i>P</i> = 0.002; control χ² = 7.4, <i>P</i> = 0.006). The difference was not significant between the groups for start weight (χ² = 0.1, <i>P</i> = 0.725) or end weight (χ² = 0, <i>P</i> = 1.000) and was not significantly different in the change over time for either absolute numbers (χ² = 1.7, <i>P</i> = 0.193) or percent gain (χ² = 0.8, <i>P</i> = 0.36). The values for packed cell volume, total plasma protein, and white blood cell count increased in all animals after the 14-day study period was complete. On the basis of the results of this study, it was determined that the differing diets led to similar weight gain.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"37 3","pages":"217-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92154422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Freezing Temperature, Freezing Duration, and Repeated Freeze/Thaw Cycles on Electrophoretic Profiles in the White Stork (<i>Ciconia ciconia</i>).","authors":"Milan Thorel, Yannick Roman, Antoine Leclerc","doi":"10.1647/22-00051","DOIUrl":"10.1647/22-00051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasma electrophoresis is an ancillary diagnostic tool in avian medicine, with agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) being the most common techniques. Frozen samples can be used for quantitative studies or comparative diagnostic purposes, but stability of avian plasma proteins under freezing is poorly described. To evaluate the influence of plasma freezing on electrophoretograms in white storks (<i>Ciconia ciconia</i>), heparin blood was sampled from 30 individuals during annual health examinations. Plasma samples were obtained after centrifugation of fresh samples and divided into aliquots. Both AGE and CZE were performed on fresh aliquots. The remaining aliquots were frozen at -20°C (-4°F) or -180°C (-292°F) and thawed following different protocols: 1 freeze/thaw cycle after 6 months at -20°C; 1, 2, 4, and 7 cycles over 12 months at -20°C; and 1 cycle after 18 months at -180°C. For both techniques, electrophoretic profiles obtained from these thawed aliquots were compared to fresh electrophoretograms. Quantitatively, significant differences (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in most fractions were seen from 6 months postfreezing at -20°C for both techniques. Fewer statistically significant differences were observed after 18 months under cryogenic preservation (-180°C). Qualitatively, AGE provided more repeatable and stable results than CZE over time on samples stored at -20°C, and electrophoretograms were stable after 18 months of cryogenic storage. An electromigration distortion associated with freezing was seen with CZE only. Plasma samples stored in a conventional freezer (-20°C) should not be compared to fresh plasma. For quantitative studies, cryogenic storage should be privileged.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"37 3","pages":"266-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92154418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thank You, Dr. Bob Groskin!","authors":"Thomas N Tully, Michelle G Hawkins, Mark A Mitchell","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-37.3.197","DOIUrl":"10.1647/1082-6742-37.3.197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"37 3","pages":"197-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92154421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selected Abstracts From the Literature","authors":"","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-37.2.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-37.2.193","url":null,"abstract":"Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) are a popular pet psittacine bird. With their worldwide popularity, there is an increased desire to obtain new evidence to better care for these animals in captivity. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to measure the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in captive cockatiels from Brazil and determine if there are any specific risk factors associated with this parasite in this species of psittacine bird. Fecal samples were collected from 100 cockatiels in the city of Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Feces were collected from both sexes and birds .2 months old. A questionnaire was provided to owners to obtain information on how they cared for their birds. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the 18S rRNA gene was used to identify the presence of this parasite, as well as microscopic evaluation using malachite green, modified Kinyoun, and a combination of these stains. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in the cockatiels sampled was 9% (95% confidence interval: 3–15%) based on the nested PCR assay, with slightly lower prevalences noted with the 3 different staining methods: malachite green staining (6%), modified Kinyoun straining (5%), and malachite green combined with Kinyoun (7%). Sequencing of 5 amplicons showed 100% similarity with Cryptosporidium proventriculi. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found a significant association (P , 0.01) between C proventriculi positivity and gastrointestinal alterations. The findings of this study suggest that Cryptosporidium spp. should be considered as a differential in cockatiels with gastrointestinal disease.","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135015941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher's Statement","authors":"","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-37.2.fmii","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-37.2.fmii","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135015947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery Masthead","authors":"","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-37.2.fmi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-37.2.fmi","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135015949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial Amputation of a Nonreducing Prolapsed Phallus in an Ostrich (<i>Struthio camelus</i>).","authors":"Heloísa C Lima,&nbsp;Arthur C T Alves,&nbsp;Madalena R C Mendes,&nbsp;Anneke Moresco,&nbsp;Sheila C Rahal","doi":"10.1647/20-00088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/20-00088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 19-year-old male ostrich (<i>Struthio camelus</i>) was referred to a veterinary teaching hospital (São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil) due to a 6-month history of recurrent prolapse of the phallus. On physical examination, 2 ulcerative wounds were present on the phallus, as well as caseous plaques and myiasis. Conservative treatment resulted in improvement but prolapse of the phallus remained. Thus, a decision was made to perform a partial phallectomy. The surgery was successful and no postoperative complications occurred. When the ostrich was reexamined 6 months postsurgery, the ostrich was alert, in good health, and the surgical site completely healed. The owner verbally reported no recurrence of the phallus prolapse 1 year after surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"37 2","pages":"188-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41121963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}