Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Publisher's Statement","authors":"","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-38.2.fmii","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-38.2.fmii","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery Masthead","authors":"","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-38.2.fmi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-38.2.fmi","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Anatomical Distribution, and Risk Factors of Adipocytic Tumors and Xanthomas in Psittaciformes: 1096 Cases (1998-2018).","authors":"Lucyanne Megan, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Kevin Keel, Hugues Beaufrère","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-24-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/AVIANMS-D-24-00009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adipocytic tumors are mesenchymal tumors that are commonly reported in psittacine birds; however, large-scale studies evaluating their prevalence and associated risk factors are lacking. A retrospective study of adipocytic tumors in psittacine birds was performed by reviewing pathology submissions from the University of California, Davis-Drury Reavill Pathology Database, containing 26 013 submissions from psittacine birds (1998-2018). Age, sex, genus, anatomic distribution, and pathological diagnosis were collected for each case when available. The prevalence, risk factors, and association with other lipid-accumulation disorders were reported. A total of 450 cases of lipoma, 129 cases of myelolipoma, 35 cases of hemangiolipoma, 31 cases of liposarcoma, and 451 cases of xanthoma were identified. The prevalence of adipocytic tumors and xanthomas on necropsy was 1.3% (158/11 737, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-1.6). Adipocytic tumors were identified in 27 genera. <i>Amazona</i> (odds ratio [OR] = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.24-2.99, <i>p</i> = 0.004), <i>Myiopsitta</i> (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.0-5.2, <i>p</i> = 0.041), <i>Melopsittacus</i> (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 2.1-5.5, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and <i>Agapornis</i> (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.0-6.1, <i>p</i> < 0.001) had significantly higher odds of developing adipocytic tumors compared with other genera, whereas <i>Ara</i> had significantly lower odds (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9, <i>p</i> = 0.030). Age was also a significant risk factor for many types of adipocytic tumors. There was no significant association between general adipocytic tumor formation and atherosclerosis or hepatic lipidosis. Xanthomas were associated with atherosclerosis (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.01-3.51, <i>p</i> = 0.048), but not hepatic lipidosis (<i>p</i> = 0.503). On necropsy, the trunk and air sacs were the most common sites of xanthoma formation, whereas the trunk and liver were the most common sites of lipoma and myelolipoma formation, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Manual Restraint With and Without Sedation on Outcomes for Wild Birds Undergoing Decontamination.","authors":"Cristin N Kelley, Terra R Kelly, Kylie Clatterbuck, Michelle C Knapp, Julie Skoglund, Rebecca S Duerr","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-23-00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/AVIANMS-D-23-00030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The decontamination process for plumage-contaminated wild birds, such as those affected by oil spills, is lengthy and involves manual restraint and manipulation of all body parts. Birds commonly react to this in ways that suggest they are extremely stressed (eg, struggling, vocalizing). We proposed to reduce stress during the wash process using sedation and hypothesized that the use of sedation would not negatively impact survival. Contaminated birds in need of washing were randomly selected to be either sedated (butorphanol 2 mg/kg IM + midazolam 1 mg/kg IM and flumazenil 0.1 mg/kg IM for reversal) or not sedated at 3 US rehabilitation centers over the course of 1 year. Response to sedation was rated on a scale of 0-4 with 0 as no effect to 4 as excessively sedate. Data such as cloacal temperatures at various time points, lengths of various portions of the wash process, preening behavior in the drying pen, and disposition were collected. No statistical differences were found between sedated and nonsedated birds for any of the data points collected, including survival. There was a significant association between birds with higher cloacal temperatures in the drying pen and with birds held longer in the drying pen with improved survival; however, these findings were unrelated to whether the birds were sedated. Our findings show that sedation with butorphanol 2 mg/ kg IM and midazolam 1 mg/kg IM reversed with flumazenil 0.1 mg/kg IM can be used during the wash process for wild birds without adverse effects. Careful attention must be given to heat support for all birds while drying to prevent hypothermia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Trazodone in Hispaniolan Parrots (<i>Amazona ventralis</i>).","authors":"Haley M Straub, Thomas N Tully, Levent Dirikolu, Andreas F Lehner, Justin Zyskowski, John Buchweitz","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-23-00047","DOIUrl":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-23-00047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to establish the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of trazodone in the Hispaniolan Amazon parrot (<i>Amazona ventralis</i>). Trazodone is a selective serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor used commonly in both human and veterinary medicine as an antidepressant behavioral modification medicine. A single oral dose of compounded trazodone hydrochloride solution (20 mg/mL) at 50 mg/kg was administered to a total of 7 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. The 7 healthy adult parrots ranged in age from 10 to 15 years and weighed 228 to 323g. Blood was collected at baseline (2 weeks before study) and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 14 hours post-drug administration. Plasma concentrations of both trazodone and its active metabolite m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) were measured via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was completed. The half-life (t_1/2) ± SD of trazodone for the Hispaniolan parrots was 1.89 ± 0.49 hours, and the t_1/2 ± SD of mCPP metabolite was 1.9 ± 0.55 hours. Maximum serum drug concentrations, or C_max (ng/mL), were 738.3 ± 285.3 for trazodone. Times to achieve C_max (hours) for trazadone and the mCPP metabolite were 1 hour and 2 hours postdosing, respectively. While this study did not establish the behavioral effects of trazodone, no adverse side effects were observed throughout the 48-hour period following drug administration and blood collection. Our results indicate that the oral administration of a 50-mg/kg single dose of trazodone to Hispaniolan parrots may be considered a safe dose. Plasma concentrations are comparable to previously published values in humans, dogs, horses, and pigeons (<i>Columba livia domestica</i>) for up to 14 hours following dosing. This study indicates that further studies are needed to establish the pharmacodynamics and the efficacy of trazodone in the medical management of behavioral problems in psittacine species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hearing Assessment of Free-Ranging Owls and Implications for Wildlife Rehabilitation: 31 Cases (2014-2023).","authors":"Kelsey M Trumpp, Joerg Mayer, Colleen E Roman, Marc Kent","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-23-00043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/AVIANMS-D-23-00043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Owls, members of the avian order Strigiformes, are nocturnal birds of prey that are found worldwide except for Antarctica. Traumatized, free-ranging owls are commonly presented to veterinary hospitals and wildlife rehabilitation facilities with the goal of providing medical care and rehabilitation to enable release back into their natural habitat. Minimal guidelines exist for the release of wildlife, and whereas a need for functional vision is described in raptors, assessing and evaluating hearing is usually not mentioned. This can be problematic for nocturnal predators because hearing is the primary sense utilized by owls when hunting and navigating in their dark environment. The brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) test is a minimally invasive, objective assessment of hearing commonly used in companion animals. To the authors' knowledge, routine or standardized BAER evaluation has not been reported in traumatized, free-ranging owls. In the following retrospective study, 31 free-ranging owls presented to the University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital for known or suspected trauma or being found in a debilitated state underwent BAER testing to assess for the presence of complete sensorineural hearing loss. Similar to assessment of hearing in companion animals, the BAER test was elicited using a broad click stimulus delivered at 85 dB nHL. In all owls, qualitative assessment and peak latency measurements of the BAER test reflected hearing ability. This study highlights the importance of hearing in nocturnal raptors, how BAER testing can aid in decision making regarding rehabilitation, and provides a foundation for further investigation of hearing loss in traumatized owls. We suggest that veterinarians working with free-ranging owls in a rehabilitation setting should consider BAER testing as part of routine diagnostic testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference Interval Creation for Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA) in Healthy Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots (<i>Amazona ventralis</i>) and Quaker Parrots (<i>Myiopsitta monachus</i>).","authors":"Adam A Moreno, Thomas N Tully, Chin-Chi Liu, J Jill Heatley","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-24-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/AVIANMS-D-24-00003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Renal disease is often identified as a cause of morbidity and mortality in avian patients. However, currently, early antemortem detection of renal disease in avian patients is difficult. Anatomical and physiological differences between mammals and birds mean the use of commonly employed diagnostic testing (ie, measurement of blood urea nitrogen [BUN] and serum creatinine, urinalysis, and ultrasonography) are either nondiagnostic or difficult to achieve. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is considered a more sensitive marker for renal disease in humans, dogs, and cats. However, SDMA has not yet been assessed for diagnostic use in any psittacine species. In this study, we establish reference ranges for SDMA in both Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (<i>Amazona ventralis</i>, HAP) and Quaker parrots (<i>Myiopsitta monachus</i>, QP). Blood was collected from 23 Amazon parrots and 32 Quaker parrots maintained in research facilities. Measurement of SDMA through a commercially available immunoassay (IA-SDMA) as well as creatinine, BUN, uric acid, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium, and chloride were determined through IDEXX Laboratories. Plasma SDMA concentrations ranged from 6 to 15 µg/dL and 3 to 15 µg/dL for the HAP and QP, respectively. Sex was a confounding factor for the QP population, but sex did not have a significant effect on SDMA for the HAP population. No significant correlations were identified between SDMA concentrations and other parameters in either psittacine species. Our results show proof of concept for the IA-SDMA and provide reference intervals for SDMA in HAP and QP. Further investigation is required to determine the validity of this assay and the predictive power of SDMA in the detection of renal impairment for parrots and other common companion birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma and Tissue Amikacin Concentrations Following Regional Limb Perfusion of Chickens (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>).","authors":"Cameron Ratliff, Lorelei Clarke, Heather K Knych, Samantha L Morello, Christoph Mans","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-23-00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/AVIANMS-D-23-00025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) has been used in the treatment of pododermatitis and distal limb infections, which are significant causes of morbidity in avian species. This intravenous drug administration technique is designed to achieve high drug tissue concentrations while minimizing systemic toxic effects. Amikacin is commonly used for IVRLP in veterinary medicine, but dosing guidelines have not been established for its use in birds. The current study aimed to determine the tissue concentration of amikacin after a single IVRLP administration in healthy, euhydrated leghorn hen chickens (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>). Chickens received a single IVRLP dose of 10 mg/kg amikacin and were euthanatized posttreatment at 1 hour (n = 6), 12 hours (n = 6), and 24 hours (n = 6) to assess tissue and synovial fluid concentrations of amikacin in the injected leg. Mean tissue concentrations were highest 1 hour post-IVRLP (synovial fluid = 153.0 µg/mL, metatarsal pad tissue = 26.05 µg/mL) before declining at the 12- and 24-hour time points. This indicates that administration of amikacin via IVRLP can reach minimum inhibitory concentrations of common bacterial isolates in tissues after a single treatment with 10 mg/kg amikacin. Regional limb perfusion every 24 hours is recommended, although the minimum days of treatment may be case dependent and vary based on response to therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Policy, Submission Requirements, and Instructions to Authors (Updated March 2024)","authors":"","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-38.1.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-38.1.57","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140665077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profile in Psittacine Birds at an Avian Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study, 2015-2022.","authors":"Kevin Fernando Barragán-Mayet, Gary García-Espinosa, María Guadalupe Sánchez-González, Lizbeth Miranda-Antonio, Ricardo Itzcóatl Maldonado-Reséndiz","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-23-00027","DOIUrl":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-23-00027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veterinary hospitals house patient populations with diverse infectious statuses, microbiota, and histories of prior antibiotic therapy. Choanal swabs are commonly used for assessing the upper respiratory tract of birds for bacterial disease, with the samples submitted for cytologic testing and/or culture and antimicrobial sensitivity testing. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify and quantify bacteria isolated from choanal swabs collected from psittacine patients at a veterinary teaching hospital in Mexico City, Mexico. Data regarding bacterial isolates from choanal swabs were obtained from the medical records of companion psittacines suspected of upper respiratory bacterial disease that presented between November 2015 and December 2022. A total of 47.8% (175 of 366) of the bacterial isolates were from specimens obtained from red-lored Amazons (<i>Amazona autumnalis</i>). Gram-negative bacteria predominated, with 27 different genera identified. <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Staphylococcus,</i> and <i>Escherichia</i> were the most frequently isolated genera. A total of 90.4% (331 of 366) of the isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic tested in the sensitivity panel, and a single <i>Klebsiella</i> isolate was resistant to 13 different antibiotics. Gentamicin had a high percentage of efficacy (79.5%; 182 of 229) against the bacterial isolates, whereas isolates tested against sulfonamide-trimethoprim (46.7%, 98 of 210), streptomycin (43.8%; 88 of 201), and clindamycin (12.9%; 15 of 116) had susceptibilities <50%. This is the first study to report common bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from choanal swab samples collected from companion psittacines suspected of upper respiratory disease in Mexico. Clinicians can use the information presented in this study as a guide for therapeutic decision-making when managing upper respiratory bacterial infections in companion psittacine patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}