Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography in Normal Feral Pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i> F. <i>dom.</i>).","authors":"Anna Korshunova, Volker Schmidt, Susan Orosz, Holger Kirsten, Maria-Elisabeth Krautwald-Junghanns","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-24-00050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/AVIANMS-D-24-00050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian orthopedic disorders are common but can be challenging to diagnose. Radiographic examination and, to a lesser extent, computed tomography are the main diagnostic techniques used to assess avian orthopedic problems, whereas sonography is rarely applied. The objective of this study was to determine whether B-mode ultrasonography could be used to noninvasively evaluate the pectoral region and peripheral skeleton of 17 live feral pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i> f. dom.) (body weight: 270 ± 34.5 g) presented for clinical examination. The ultrasound examination (General Electric ≥ LOGIQ S7 Expert, GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, UK) was performed using a GE L8-18I-D \"hockey stick\" transducer with an 8-18 MHz frequency range (AME Ultrasound, Suffern, NY, USA). The results of the pigeon ultrasound examinations provided clinical data regarding the bone cortex and surrounding soft tissues of the pectoral region, shoulder girdle, wing, and leg. The overall long bone thickness, total cortical bone thickness, and clavicle thickness of each bird were measured using radiography and B-mode sonography to determine the statistical concordance between these diagnostic methods using the Lin concordance correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots. Fisher z-transformation was used to calculate 95% confidence intervals and standardize <i>P</i> values for each connection. The agreement analysis revealed a significant positive concordance between radiographic and ultrasound measurements for overall long bone thickness (Lin concordance correlation coefficient = 0.655, 95% CI: 0.520-0.758, <i>P</i> < 0.001); no other comparisons were significant. This study provides evidence that B-mode ultrasonography can qualitatively assess pigeons' musculoskeletal systems, notably in the pectoral area and proximal limbs. This technique can also be used to acquire measurements of the structures thicker than 0.2 cm, which may be used for osteosynthesis planning or monitoring neoplastic conditions posttreatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"40 1","pages":"56-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Repair of True Abdominal Wall Hernias in Two Budgerigars (<i>Melopsittacus undulatus</i>).","authors":"Kazumasa Ebisawa, Shin-Ichi Nakamura, Shunya Nakayama, Hiroshi Koie","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-24-00056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/AVIANMS-D-24-00056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two budgerigars (<i>Melopsittacus undulatus</i>) were presented for coelomic distension. Contrast barium gastrointestinal radiographic examination showed that both birds had abdominal wall hernias containing intestinal loops. Tenesmus was observed in both patients, and hernia repair surgery was performed. In case 1, an X-shaped incision was made in the skin covering the patient's hernia. This was followed by a transverse incision of the hernial sac and removal of the oviduct, as the hernial contents exceeded the capacity of the intestinal peritoneal cavity. The intestine was reduced into the peritoneal cavity, and the hernial ring was closed. In case 2, a ring-shaped skin incision was made over the patient's hernia and hernial sac. The removal of the oviduct followed this because the hernial contents could not be reduced to the intestinal peritoneal cavity. Because of the intestinal enlargement, it could not be completely reinserted into the cavity and the hernial ring could not be closed. In both patients, the hernial ring was formed by a transverse rent in the aponeurosis between the distal pubic bones. The hernial sac consisted of double-layered septae composed of fibrous connective and adipose tissue, with no muscular tissue. The hernial sac was likely formed in the parietal peritoneum of the ventral body wall, based on its anatomical location and histopathological characteristics. These findings confirm that both patients had true hernias. This report describes the site of formation of the hernial ring and the structure of the hernial sac in budgerigars.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"40 1","pages":"67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Is a Promising Screening Test for Infections in Rehabilitated Birds.","authors":"Bren Lundborg","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-25-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/AVIANMS-D-25-00004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a simple, inexpensive test that is an indirect measure of the acute-phase protein response to inflammation. Acute-phase assays can increase detection of illnesses when used in conjunction with other hematological tests, and may be more sensitive to some diseases than white blood cell counts. This study assessed the usefulness of testing ESR with a microhematocrit tube for detecting inflammatory and infectious conditions in rehabilitated birds. Values were measured in 119 clinically healthy birds from 5 orders, and differences between ages, orders, and healthy and unhealthy birds were compared. Cutoff values to differentiate clinically normal birds from those with trauma or infections were done by receiver operating characteristic curves, nonparametric methods, and a linear regression-based method to account for differences in packed cell volume (PCV). The ESRs of unhealthy birds (n = 188) were used to assess performance of the different cutoff methods. The receiver operating characteristic curve cutoffs for infected birds in Accipitriformes, in Strigiformes, and for combined orders had good sensitivity (78-97%), specificity (94-100%), and area under the curve values (0.913-0.990), but performance was likely overestimated due to sample size limitations. There was a significant negative correlation between PCV and ESR, but regression-based cutoffs had the worst overall performance, and all methods had low sensitivity for unhealthy passerines. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate appears to be a useful test in some orders, can be easily implemented, and can be performed with the same sample used to determine PCV and total protein, increasing diagnostic information without the need for additional blood or testing costs. However, species-, age-, and sex-specific differences must be further investigated to fully assess the usefulness of this test.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"40 1","pages":"13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ex Vivo Pullout Strength of Locking and Cortical Screws in the Femur and Tibiotarsus of the Pekin Duck (<i>Anas platyrhynchos domesticus</i>).","authors":"Orr Cohen, Hamish R Baron, Ben C Stevenson, Daniel J Wills, Tian Wang, William R Walsh, Stephen M Fearnside, Melinda L Cowan","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-25-00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/AVIANMS-D-25-00017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of smaller orthopedic plates and screws has facilitated their use in avian fracture repair. Avian bone differs from mammalian bone in its biomechanical properties due to adaptations for flight, necessitating avian-specific orthopedic biomechanical studies. Screw pullout strength has not been studied in avian bone. The aims of this study were to 1) compare the axial pullout strength of cortical and locking screw designs in the tibiotarsus and femur of the Pekin duck (<i>Anas platyrhynchos domesticus</i>) and 2) investigate the effects of sex and screw location in bone on screw pullout strength. Locking and cortical screws were inserted in 5 locations: the distal metaphysis, distal diaphysis, middiaphysis, proximal diaphysis, and proximal metaphysis of femora (n = 28) and tibiotarsi (n = 40) from 20 Pekin ducks. Screws were tested to failure in axial pullout and maximum force recorded. Data were analyzed by a linear mixed-effects model. There were no significant differences in screw pullout strength between locking and cortical screws or between sexes. On average, maximum force was highest at the middiaphysis in the femur and at the distal diaphysis of the tibiotarsus. These results suggest that when using 2.0-mm and 1.5-mm screws in avian femoral and tibiotarsal bones, respectively, screw positioning in denser diaphyseal regions may be more critical to screw pullout strength than the choice between cortical and locking screw designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"40 1","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic Assessment and Ocular Biometry of Brown Hawk Owls (<i>Ninox scutulata</i>).","authors":"Chaeyoung Kwag, Myeongsu Kim, Jae-Ik Han, Kichang Lee, Hakyoung Yoon","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-25-00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/AVIANMS-D-25-00020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ocular trauma is a significant contributor to mortality in wild birds, particularly in owls. Despite the critical role of vision in survival, ocular biometric data for brown hawk-owls (<i>Ninox scutulata</i>) remain limited. This study establishes ultrasonographic reference values for ocular structures in the brown hawk-owl. Using B-mode ultrasonography, biometric parameters including corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth, axial length of the globe, and pecten oculi height were measured in 64 eyes from 32 individuals (26 adults and 6 juveniles). Correlations among these ocular biometric parameters were also analyzed. No significant differences were observed between the left and right eyes or between the horizontal and sagittal imaging planes. However, significant biometric differences were found between adult and juvenile owls, except for pecten oculi height. No significant correlations were identified between body weight and most ocular biometric parameters, except for a slight positive correlation with anterior chamber depth. Axial globe length showed positive correlations with anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth. Establishing normal ocular biometric values may enhance diagnostic accuracy and will serve as a valuable reference for veterinary ophthalmology, wildlife rehabilitation, and species conservation in brown hawk-owls.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"40 1","pages":"4-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Treatment of Desert Rose (<i>Adenium obesum</i>) Toxicosis in a Blue and Gold Macaw (<i>Ara ararauna</i>).","authors":"April Romagnano, Kian Martin, Scott Martin, Elliott Leonard, Stephanie Monteith, Lisa Smith, Carolyn Cray, Laura Stern","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-25-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/AVIANMS-D-25-00002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Desert rose (<i>Adenium obesum</i>) is a plant from the family Apocynaceace that can cause cardiac glycoside toxicosis if ingested. A 33-year-old male blue and gold macaw (<i>Ara ararauna</i>) ate a desert rose flower from an indoor houseplant. After ingestion, the patient fell onto the floor, regained its balance, and then ran to its owners who witnessed the patient \"foaming at the mouth\" with its \"cheeks turning blue.\" The macaw proceeded to collapse, continued to foam at the mouth, and had what appeared to be a seizure. Upon presentation 2 hours postexposure, the macaw was moribund, in shock, and recumbent with rigid limbs and had dark blue cheeks and severe bradycardia (40 beats per minute). The bird was placed in flow-by oxygen in a warm incubator and, shortly thereafter, began regurgitating frank blood and passing melena. The patient's treatment protocol included atropine, parenteral fluids, dextrose, calcium-gluconate, vitamins, anti-inflammatory therapy, antibiotics, and activated charcoal gavage. The initial plasma biochemistry panel revealed a severe hyperkalemia (>10 mmol/L) that was treated with furosemide. Diagnostic testing and supportive treatment continued for 12 days, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Continuous incubator flow-by oxygen coupled with multiple hyperbaric oxygen treatments significantly improved perfusion, facilitating recovery. Three years following exposure to the desert rose flower, the owners consider the bird to have normal behavior and no clinical signs associated with the toxicosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"40 1","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Age of Open Access for the Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery.","authors":"Mark A Mitchell, Thomas N Tully, Michelle G Hawkins","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-40.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-40.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 4.7-mg Deslorelin Acetate Implant on Blood Lipids and Steroid Hormones in Cockatiels (<i>Nymphicus hollandicus</i>).","authors":"Mariana Sosa-Higareda, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Marcel Gomez-Ponce, Rachel Hirota, Hugues Beaufrère","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-25-00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/AVIANMS-D-25-00015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deslorelin acetate is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist commonly used for reproductive suppression in birds. Female psittacine birds routinely undergo vitellogenesis, with resulting high blood lipids, which may predispose them to several lipid disorders, including atherosclerosis. This study evaluated the effects of deslorelin implants on blood lipids and steroid hormones in cockatiels (<i>Nymphicus hollandicus</i>). Sixteen female cockatiels were randomly assigned to receive a 4.7-mg deslorelin implant subcutaneously or a sham procedure. Plasma samples were collected at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months postimplantation. Lipid and lipoprotein profiling were performed by high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and steroid hormones were analyzed via liquid chromatography tandem spectrometry. Deslorelin significantly reduced plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, intermediate-density lipoproteins, and high-density lipoproteins at 1 month postimplantation compared with controls, with some effects persisting up to 2 months for intermediate-density lipoproteins. Four of 8 cockatiels were found to be hyperlipidemic in the deslorelin group over the 6-month treatment period compared with 8 of 8 cockatiels in the control group. Progesterone concentrations were lower in the deslorelin group. Estradiol concentrations decreased transiently at 1 month but did not reach statistical significance. These findings highlight deslorelin's potential to modulate lipid metabolism in female cockatiels and suggest a temporal effect lasting 1-2 months. This study provides novel insights into the metabolic effects of deslorelin beyond its reproductive role and may have implications for managing hyperlipidemia in avian species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"40 1","pages":"24-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Level of Agreement Between Blood Glucose Concentrations Measured With the AlphaTrak 3 Point-of-Care Glucometer and by Colorimetry in a Psittacine (Rosy-faced Lovebird, <i>Agapornis roseicollis</i>), but Not in a Passerine (House Finch, <i>Haemorhous mexicanus</i>).","authors":"Pierre Deviche, Nadia Upah, Leanna Watts, Karen Sweazea","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-24-00057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/AVIANMS-D-24-00057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Commercial point-of-care (POC) devices are commonly used to rapidly and cost-effectively measure the concentrations of vertebrate blood components such as metabolites and electrolytes. However, these devices can provide inaccurate results, and their utility must be rigorously tested by comparing results with those obtained from a reference assay. This study evaluated the accuracy of the veterinary AlphaTrak 3 glucometer (Zoetis, Kalamazoo, MI, USA) for use in 2 phylogenetically distant avian taxa, the house finch (<i>Haemorhous mexicanus</i>, order Passeriformes) and the rosy-faced lovebird (<i>Agapornis roseicollis</i>, order Psittaciformes), compared with an enzyme end-point colorimetric assay (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) as the reference. This POC device was used to measure blood glucose in 30 house finch and 32 rosy-faced lovebird samples. The level of agreement between assays and the POC device reliability were determined with the Bland-Altman method and the Pearson product moment correlation. All the samples contained detectable glucose concentrations, but 9 finch samples had glucose concentrations exceeding the glucometer's upper detection limit and were eliminated. The POC device produced consistent results for both species. Relative to the reference assay, the glucometer overestimated glucose concentrations by 3.8% in house finch samples and by 8.7% in rosy-faced lovebird samples. There was good agreement between glucose concentrations measured with the 2 assay methods in the rosy-faced lovebird, but not in the house finch (allowable error <15%). These findings confirm the need to test the validity and accuracy of measurements with commercial glucometers, and they highlight that the reliability of these devices should be tested for each species under consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"40 1","pages":"46-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Dose 50 of Intranasal Lorazepam for Clinical Sedation in Zebra Finches (<i>Taeniopygia guttata</i>).","authors":"Imal Khelik, Ian Kanda, Jennifer L Grindstaff, João Brandão","doi":"10.1647/AVIANMS-D-24-00060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/AVIANMS-D-24-00060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sedation is a common procedure in avian practice and benzodiazepines are often used as sole agents or in combination with other drugs to sedate avian patients. Midazolam and diazepam have been evaluated in zebra finches (<i>Taeniopygia guttata</i>); however, lorazepam has not. Our aim was to determine the sedation effective dose 50 (ED₅₀) of intranasal (NAS) lorazepam in zebra finches. Using the Dixon up-and-down method, the first randomly selected finch received 0.25 mg/kg NAS lorazepam. Sedation was scored after 20 minutes: 1) recumbent = 0 versus not recumbent = 1; 2) captured at first attempt = 0 versus not captured at first attempt = 1; 3) absence of righting reflex within 2 seconds = 0 versus righting reflex within 2 seconds = 1. Total sedation score was calculated by adding the 3 parameters; birds were classified as <i>sedated</i> if scored ≤1 and as <i>not sedated</i> if scored ≥2. Based on the first bird's classification, the next random bird received an increase (if preceding bird was not sedated) or deduction (if preceding bird was sedated) by a factor of 2. Crossover events (contradictive responses between 2 sequential animals) were noted. A total of 15 animals (5 males, 10 females), weighing 12.16-18.80 g, were used. A total of 6 crossover events were identified. The highest and the lowest dose administered were 1 and 0.0625 mg/kg, respectively. Lorazepam NAS ED₅₀ was 0.3 mg/kg by the Dixon up-and-down method. No morbidity or mortality was noted, and all birds recovered uneventfully. Future studies evaluating this sedation protocol are needed to further determine the practical clinical value of lorazepam as a sedative drug in passerine species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"40 1","pages":"32-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}