Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Various Anticoagulants on Biochemistry Analytes From Domestic Pigeons (<i>Columba livia domestica</i>).","authors":"Mohammad Heidarpour,&nbsp;Jamshid Razmyar,&nbsp;Mehrdad Mohri,&nbsp;Maedeh Ghari","doi":"10.1647/21-00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/21-00017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to compare the effects of anticoagulant and no anticoagulant on routine biochemical analytes in domestic pigeons (<i>Columba livia domestica</i>). Blood samples were obtained from 8 clinically healthy pigeons. The sample obtained from each bird was divided into 4 blood collection tubes containing either ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), lithium heparin, sodium citrate, or no anticoagulant. The concentrations of creatinine, uric acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, glucose, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, total protein, albumin, and iron, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), were measured in blood from each of the blood collection tubes. The values of the measured parameters, with the exception of iron, were significantly lower in the citrated plasma samples compared with the serum samples, even after correcting for dilution. In the lithium heparin plasma samples, significant decreases in albumin, triglyceride, calcium, total cholesterol, and ALP, and a significant increase in iron, were observed compared with the values in the serum samples. The concentrations of total protein, creatinine, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus, as well as the activities for AST and ALP, were significantly lower in the EDTA plasma samples compared with the serum samples. In conclusion, the anticoagulants had significant effects on most of the measured parameters compared with serum. The findings of the present study suggest that a lithium heparin sample is the most appropriate plasma sample for the measurement of blood biochemical parameters in the domestic pigeon.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 2","pages":"173-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40632051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a Fluoroscopic Angiography Protocol in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots (<i>Amazona ventralis</i>).","authors":"Theresa L Aller,&nbsp;David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman,&nbsp;Joshua A Stern,&nbsp;Jamie M Douglas,&nbsp;Bryce M Golsen,&nbsp;Tracy L Drazenovich,&nbsp;Joanne Paul-Murphy","doi":"10.1647/21-00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/21-00007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluoroscopic angiography evaluates the heart and vascular tree in real time and can be recorded for further diagnostic analysis and measurements. Although reports have been published of the use of fluoroscopic angiography in birds, this technique has not been evaluated in any avian species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a fluoroscopic angiography protocol in 12 adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (<i>Amazona ventralis</i>). Under general anesthesia, the birds were positioned in right lateral (LAT) recumbency on a fluoroscopy table. A bolus of nonionic iodinated contrast agent was injected through a catheter inserted into the basilic or medial metatarsal vein during video acquisition. The same bolus was repeated to obtain the ventrodorsal (VD) view with the bird placed in dorsal recumbency. Eleven studies were performed. A total of 19 (10 VD, 9 LAT) continuous, real-time, fluoroscopic angiograms were successfully captured. The brachiocephalic trunk, aorta, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and caudal vena cava were visualized, and selected intraluminal measurements collected. The intraobserver and interobserver variability for 3 observers was calculated. Intraobserver agreement was found to be near perfect (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.95), whereas interobserver agreement was moderate to substantial (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.52). Coefficients of variation were excellent (VD 0.99, LAT 0.99) for intraobserver assessments and moderate (VD 0.72, LAT 0.52) for interobserver assessments. For the interobserver assessments, the VD projection measurements performed better than the LAT measurements. These results suggest that although there was some variation between different observers, relatively consistent vascular measurements could be obtained. The described fluoroscopic angiography protocol is a repeatable and reliable technique that could be useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of cardiovascular diseases in birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 2","pages":"178-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40713403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Recurrent Multifocal Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an African Grey Parrot (<i>Psittacus erithacus</i>) with Intralesional Carboplatin in Poloxamer 407.","authors":"Jordan E Adair,&nbsp;Gary L Riggs","doi":"10.1647/21-00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/21-00010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 16-year-old male Congo African grey parrot (<i>Psittacus erithacus</i>) was presented with an ulcerated wing mass that was excised and diagnosed on histopathology as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A second surgery was performed to completely excise the tumor margins, resulting in over 5 years of remission for the neoplasm. However, over the next 6 years the patient developed SCC in 3 new locations on the body, as well as 2 squamous papillomas. The 2 papillomas were surgically excised and did not recur. Due to their size and location, none of the 3 new SCCs were amenable to complete excision. Instead, the 3 SCCs were managed with a series of treatments with intralesional carboplatin in poloxamer 407 and carbon dioxide surgical laser debridements. This treatment regimen has resulted in long-term (52 months, 30 months, and 17 months) resolution for all 3 of the SCCs. The overall survival time for the patient, from the initial diagnosis to the time of this report, is over 2900 days. While being treated for the 3 SCCs, the African grey parrot had no overt signs of complications or adverse side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 2","pages":"200-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40713406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognition and Assessment of Pain-Related Behaviors in Avian Species: An Integrative Review.","authors":"Nicole A Mikoni,&nbsp;David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman,&nbsp;Erik Fausak,&nbsp;Joanne Paul-Murphy","doi":"10.1647/21-00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/21-00008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The appropriate recognition and assessment of pain in animals is an essential tool that can be used by veterinary professionals, rehabilitators, household caregivers, and others to provide supportive care and analgesia to patients. Although the use of behavioral, postural, and facial changes to recognize pain have been studied in popular domestic species such as dogs (<i>Canis lupus familiaris</i>), cats (<i>Felis catus</i>), and rabbits (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>), very little is known relative to avian species. The purpose of this article is to provide a literature review comprising structured searches on the topic of avian pain recognition. The emphasis of the searches were based on the behavioral and postural alterations that have thus far been explored. The literature review was performed in the months of August-September 2020 over 5 online databases: MEDLINE/ PubMed, CAB Direct, Biosis, Zoological Record, and Scopus. Additional \"snowballing\" was incorporated by looking at the references and articles that cited the 126 articles from the initial abstract and full-text screening. Of the 194 full-text articles reviewed, 132 sources of literature were included in the final analysis. From these 132 sources of literature, 31.8% were general review articles in which avian pain behaviors were described irrespective of species, with others being specific to a particular species (chickens 47.8%, turkeys 7.6%, parrots 3.8%, pigeons [<i>Columba livia</i>] 3%, raptors 3%, and \"other\" 3%-2 on ducks, 1 on emus [<i>Dromaius novaehollandiae</i>], and 1 on Eurasian blue tits [<i>Cyanistes caeruleus</i>]). Pain stimulus varied depending on species, although the vast majority of the pain stimuli involved welfare issues such as beak trimming, limb abnormalities, and keel bone fractures in chickens. Although information regarding this topic remains limited for many avian species, this review provides a more thorough understanding of behavioral indicators of pain in species such as chickens, turkeys, psittacines, pigeons, raptors, and select others. It is the hope that this review will motivate further interest and future analgesia research for the improvement of avian welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 2","pages":"153-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40632052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol in the Hispaniolan Amazon Parrot (<i>Amazona ventralis</i>).","authors":"James W Carpenter,&nbsp;Thomas N Tully,&nbsp;Kelly Rockwell,&nbsp;Butch KuKanich","doi":"10.1647/20-00076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/20-00076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol (CBD), a potential treatment option that may alleviate pain in companion animals and humans, in the Hispaniolan Amazon parrot (<i>Amazona ventralis</i>). A pilot study administered a single oral dose of CBD in hemp oil at 10 mg/kg to 2 birds and 20 mg/kg to 2 birds. Because the maximum serum concentrations (<i>C</i>_max) for these doses were 5.5 and 13 ng/mL, respectively, and the serum half-life was 2 hours for both groups, the doses were considered too low for clinical use in this species. Therefore, a study was designed in which 14 healthy 12-14-year-old parrots of both sexes and weighing 0.24-0.35 kg (mean, 0.28 kg) were enrolled. Seven birds were administered 60 mg/kg CBD PO, and 7 birds were administered 120 mg/kg CBD PO. Blood samples were obtained at time 0, and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10 hours posttreatment in a balanced incomplete block design. Quantification of plasma CBD concentrations was determined by use of a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental analysis. The areas under the curve (h·ng/mL) were 518 and 1863, <i>C</i>_max (ng/ mL) were 213 and 562, and times to achieve <i>C</i>_max (hours) were 0.5 and 4 for the 60 and 120 mg/kg doses, respectively. The serum half-life could not be determined in the 60 mg/kg treatment, but was 1.28 hours at 120 mg/kg. Adverse effects were not observed in any bird. The highly variable results and short half-life of the drug in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots, even at high doses, suggests that this drug formulation was inconsistent in achieving targeted concentrations as reported in other animal species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 2","pages":"121-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40632047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathologic Findings in Chickens (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>) Administered Amikacin Through Intravenous Regional Limb Perfusion.","authors":"Lorelei L Clarke,&nbsp;Cameron Ratliff,&nbsp;Christoph Mans","doi":"10.1647/21-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/21-00013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regional limb perfusion (RLP) has been used to treat cases of distal limb infections in avian species. Potentially nephrotoxic drugs, such as amikacin, may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity with RLP because of the presence of the renal portal system and direct venous blood flow from the pelvic limbs to the kidneys. In a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study, the safety of repeated amikacin administration (20 mg/kg q24h for 3 doses) via RLP was evaluated in healthy female chickens (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>; n = 8 treatment, n = 8 saline control group). Plasma uric acid concentrations were not significantly elevated in treated birds compared with the control group at any time point following RLP. One week following the final RLP, birds were necropsied and the kidneys evaluated grossly and histologically. There was no significant difference in renal pathology scores between treated and control birds or between kidneys ipsilateral to the perfused limb and contralateral kidneys. This study concludes that RLP of amikacin at high doses produced no discernable renal pathology in healthy euhydrated chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 2","pages":"187-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40713404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liposarcoma of Probable Medullary Bone Origin in a Lovebird (<i>Agapornis roseicollis</i>).","authors":"Nicolle T Lofgren,&nbsp;Shachar Malka,&nbsp;Caitlin M Renna,&nbsp;Rosa M Banuelos,&nbsp;Sophie Dennison-Gibby,&nbsp;Michael M Garner","doi":"10.1647/21-00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/21-00065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 15-year-old female peach-faced lovebird (<i>Agapornis roseicollis</i>) was presented to the hospital for a possible left wing injury and an inability to fly after falling in its cage. On physical examination the left elbow was swollen and painful. Radiographic images revealed left wing soft tissue swelling surrounding the elbow and lysis of the distal humerus with extensive cortical thinning. Subsequent high-definition volumetric-imaging 3-dimensional computed tomography (HDVI 3D CT) revealed a pathological fracture, cortical lysis, periosteal reaction, and abnormal intraosseous soft tissue of the left humerus with associated soft tissue swelling, suggestive of neoplasia. No evidence of metastatic disease was identified. Surgical amputation of the left wing was elected. A liposarcoma and pathologic fracture of the humerus were diagnosed histologically and by oil red O staining for lipids in the neoplastic cells. The morphologic features of the tumor suggested that it developed within the adipocyte component of the medullary bone. The incision at the amputation site healed without complication. A follow-up HDVI 3D CT performed 4 months postsurgery showed no evidence of metastatic disease. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a primary liposarcoma of medullary bone origin in an avian species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 2","pages":"215-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40713408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Your Diagnosis?","authors":"Robert J T Doneley,&nbsp;Claire Madden","doi":"10.1647/21-00066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/21-00066","url":null,"abstract":"A 7-year-old, intact female, little penguin (Eudyptula minor) was presented with a 3to 4month history of reluctance or inability to raise its right flipper after a presumptive traumatic event (Fig 1). The bird was a member of a little penguin colony housed in an outdoor enclosure at Sea World (Queensland, Australia). On examination by the referring veterinarian, the right flipper appeared diffusely swollen and painful. There was no evidence of an external wound. Radiographic images were acquired at that time (Figs 2A and B), and a complete blood count and plasma biochemistry analysis were performed (Table 1) on blood collected preprandially. The radiographic images showed no apparent skeletal abnormalities, although polyostotic hyperostosis, usually associated with hyperestrogenism, was present in the long bones of the limbs. Complete blood count and plasma biochemistry results showed no significant abnormalities, despite sample hemolysis. After the initial examination, the penguin was prescribed meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg PO q24h 3 8 weeks; Metacam Oral Suspension, Boehringer Ingelheim, North Ryde, New South Wales [NSW], Australia). After 12 weeks, the swelling affecting the right flipper was reduced but the bird still could not raise the limb. The bird was then referred to the University of Queensland Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Queensland, Australia) for further evaluation. On physical examination at the University of Queensland Veterinary Teaching Hospital, the bird weighed 1 kg and was considered to be in fair to","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 2","pages":"221-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40713409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophthalmic Parameters and Ophthalmoscopy of Burrowing Owls (<i>Athene cunicularia</i>).","authors":"Katarina Bennett,&nbsp;Stephanie Osinchuk,&nbsp;Bianca Bauer,&nbsp;Sangeeta Rao,&nbsp;Miranda J Sadar","doi":"10.1647/21-00046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/21-00046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Twelve adult burrowing owls (<i>Athene cunicularia</i>) maintained in a managed environment underwent complete bilateral ophthalmic examinations to assess ocular parameters and, if present, describe lesions (n = 24 eyes). Tear production was measured with a Schirmer tear test (STT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with rebound tonometry using established calibration settings (D = dog/cat, P = other species). Retinography was performed for all birds after application of topical rocuronium bromide, and corneal diameter was measured. Menace response was absent bilaterally in 7 of 12 (58.3%) owls; however, this did not appear to be related to the presence of fundic lesions. Ocular lesions were visualized in 6 of 12 (50%) owls. The most common ophthalmic abnormality noted was mild multifocal fundic pigment clumping, suggestive of chorioretinal scarring. Other ocular lesions included 1 retinal tear and 1 incipient cataract. Mean tear production was 6.1 ± 3.0 mm/min. Mean IOPs were 11.6 ± 1.8 mm Hg and 7.1 ± 1.3 mm Hg for the D and P settings, respectively, and these were significantly different (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The IOP results did not differ significantly based on patient age or between the right and left eyes, but a higher mean was obtained from males versus females using the D setting (<i>P</i> < 0.039; male mean 12.1 ± 1.9 mm Hg; female mean 10.9 ± 1.2 mm Hg). Measurements obtained from the STT were not affected by either age or sex. Corneal height was 11 mm and width was 12 mm, regardless of age or sex. The rebound tonometer D setting is recommended for measuring IOP values in this species. Burrowing owls had inconsistent mydriasis following topical rocuronium bromide application to the eye; however, a complete fundic examination was possible with or without complete mydriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 2","pages":"192-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40713405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Policy, Submission Requirements, and Instructions to Authors (Updated March 2022)","authors":"","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-36.1.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-36.1.108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 1","pages":"108 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49374176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}