Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery Masthead","authors":"","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-36.3.fmi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-36.3.fmi","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"fmi - fmi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42313789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selected Abstracts from the Literature","authors":"","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-36.3.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-36.3.338","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic factors such as habitat fragmentation, hunting, and collection for the pet trade continue to be important reasons that members of the family Psittacidae are one of the most endangered groups of birds in the world. If we hope to protect these animals as they are extirpated from their native range, it is important for us to develop evidence-based husbandry and nutritional methods to ensure their success. One group this will be important for is hatchling and nestling birds. Unfortunately, research on their nutrition is limited. In this study, the authors measured the metabolizable energy, crude protein, crude fat, minerals, and the essential amino acid profiles of the crop contents from nestlings of 5 free-living psittacine species: scarlet macaws (Ara macao) and red-and-green macaws (Ara chloropterus) from Peru; Cuban Amazon parrots (Amazona leucocephala bahamensis) from the Bahamas; lilaccrowned Amazon parrots (Amazona finschi) from northwestern Mexico; and thick-billed parrots (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha) from northern Mexico. The nutritional profiles for the crop contents of the different birds were similar even though their habitats, geographic ranges, and food sources were different. Interestingly, the crude protein and crude fat concentrations for the Ara and Amazona species were similar, while the thick-billed parrot had higher crude fat and lower crude protein contents. Electrolyte and mineral concentrations, such as sodium and iron, were more varied between species. When these results were compared with hand-feeding formulas, the captive diets contained lower crude fat, magnesium, arginine, valine, and phenylalanine concentrations, as well as much higher concentrations of calcium and zinc. These results suggest that there are differences between species and identifying these differences will be key to our success with these birds in captivity. There were also differences in the freeliving bird samples compared with current handfeeding formulas, and additional research will be needed to determine if these differences will impact the growth and success of these animals in captivity.","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 1","pages":"338 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41609099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is Your Diagnosis?","authors":"Aiden Masri, Thomas N Tully, Corinne Mayer, Naomi Falconnier, Eric Erwood, Fabio Del Piero, Mariano Carossino","doi":"10.1647/22-00049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/22-00049","url":null,"abstract":"A 3-month-old, sexually intact male domestic goose (Anser anser) was presented to the Louisiana State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Baton Rouge, LA, USA) with a 2-day history of progressive lethargy, anorexia, and neurologic signs. The neurologic signs observed by the owner consisted of intermittent circling, stargazing, and neck tremors occurring 4–5 times daily with normal, mentally appropriate behavior noted between episodes. The goose was housed outdoors in a shared enclosure with 1 other goose and 7 ducks. A separate enclosure that contained 12 chickens was also on the property but was not in direct contact with the ducks and geese. Over the past 3–4 weeks, several of the ducks were presented to the primary veterinarian with similar clinical signs. All the ducks died or were humanely euthanized following treatment based on their clinical condition. Additional diagnostic testing and postmortem examination of the ducks were not performed. On physical examination, the goose was depressed, with a thin body condition score (3/9), and weighed 3.1 kg. A bilateral serous discharge from the nares was present, and the goose had a mildly increased respiratory effort with an intermittent cough during examination. On neurologic evaluation, the goose ambulated with an intoed and ataxic gait and intermittently stargazed and walked into corners. The patient also displayed intention tremors of the head and neck and maintained the neck in a retracted position throughout the examination. A small volume of watery green diarrhea was also noted, although the remainder of the physical examination was unremarkable. A blood sample was collected for a complete blood count (CBC) and plasma biochemistry profile. Results of the CBC revealed a packed cell volume of 37% (reference interval 38–58%), and the only abnormality in the plasma biochemistry panel was an increased gamma-glutamyl transferase of 15 U/L (reference 0–5 U/L). Full-body radiographic imaging was performed and revealed numerous pinpoint mineral opacities within the ventriculus consistent with grit. Overall, there were no significant radiographic findings on the images obtained of the patient. Additional blood and fecal samples were acquired for heavy metal testing (lead and zinc); viral disease testing, including eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and West Nile virus (WNV) serology; and a fecal direct examination and flotation.","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 3","pages":"333-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10370262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selected Abstracts from the Literature","authors":"","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-36.2.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-36.2.229","url":null,"abstract":"The avian pelvis serves many important func-tions, including supporting locomotion and con-necting the axial and appendicular (legs) skeletons. To understand how the pelvis evolved, it is important to assess the impact of locomotion on development. The goal of the authors from this study was to assess how different locomotor modes in birds influenced the evolution of pelvic mor-phology. To do so, they performed a 2-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of bird pelves in dorsal and lateral views from 163 species. They investigated the relationships of the pelvic shape to potential influential factors, including ecology, phylogeny, and allometry. The authors found major shape trends in the pelves across birds based on locomotor categories. Birds adapted for special life histories, such as hind limb–propelled swimming, had unique pelvic structures (eg, elongate ilia) to help streamline swimming and reduce drag. Certain factors (eg, ecologic and allometric) accounted for less variation than was expected. The results of the study demonstrated that there was widespread convergence in pelvic morphology. Genome","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 1","pages":"229 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41414937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery Masthead","authors":"","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-36.2.fmi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-36.2.fmi","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"98 2","pages":"fmi - fmi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41305471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Egg Residues of Oral Meloxicam in Bantam Cochin Chickens.","authors":"C Robert Stilz,&nbsp;Sherry Cox,&nbsp;Joan Bergman,&nbsp;Lillian Gerhardt,&nbsp;Sarah Singleton,&nbsp;Lainey Harvill,&nbsp;Marcy J Souza","doi":"10.1647/21-00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/21-00023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Backyard poultry are commonly treated in veterinary hospitals; however, there is limited information regarding appropriate dosing of medications and withdrawal times for eggs. Six healthy adult bantam Cochin hens were given a single oral dose of meloxicam (1 mg/kg). Meloxicam plasma concentrations and egg residues were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Noncompartmental analysis was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. The apparent terminal half-life, maximum concentration, and time to maximum concentration were 5.94 ± 0.92 hours, 7.03 ± 2.68 µg/mL, and 2.83 ± 1.33 hours, respectively. Meloxicam was detected in egg whites for 4.8 ± 1.5 days and egg yolks for 9.8 ± 2.4 days. Results were compared with previous studies in white leghorn and Columbian Wyandotte hens. Bantam Cochin hens demonstrated a significantly longer mean apparent terminal half-life, greater area under the curve, smaller elimination rate constant, and longer egg residue times compared with white leghorn hens. However, the pharmacokinetic results from the bantam Cochin hens did not significantly differ from those reported for the Columbian Wyandotte hens. Until pharmacodynamic studies can be performed, dosing of oral meloxicam in bantam Cochins should follow recommendations for Columbian Wyandotte hens to reduce the likelihood of adverse effects. These results better inform appropriate dosing of meloxicam in domestic hens, as well as recommended withdrawal times for egg consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 2","pages":"140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40632049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of Three Diet Conversion Methods in Psittacine Birds Converting from Seed-Based Diets to Pelleted Diets.","authors":"Alison M Cummings,&nbsp;Laurie R Hess,&nbsp;Carl F Spielvogel,&nbsp;Jack J Kottwitz","doi":"10.1647/21-00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/21-00025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The nutritional deficiencies of popular seed-based diets for captive psittacine birds have been linked to physical and psychological disease conditions in these species. However, bird owners often reject transitioning their pets to nutritionally complete pelleted diets because of concerns over the difficulty of diet conversion. To assess dietary conversion of psittacine birds from seed-based to pelleted diets, avian veterinarians presented 3 diet conversion methods to owners with birds of varying ages and species. The owners implemented their chosen conversion method at home and then received a survey when they successfully completed diet conversion or abandoned their attempt. “Birdies Choice” was a reward-based method in which birds were offered 3 different pelleted diets on a tabletop. If there was a positive interaction and the bird ate one or more of the diets, the bird was rewarded. The preferred pellet was then gradually transitioned into their food dishes. In the “Slow and Steady” method, pellets were alternated with familiar food at varying intervals to increase the birds' exposure to the pellets. The “Tough Love” method maximized exposure to new pellets by introducing a small portion of familiar food for a limited time, along with multiple dishes of new pellets. Survey results showed 96% of birds converted regardless of method, with 57.5% converting within the first 7 days. When conversion times were evaluated by life stage (juvenile, adult, and geriatric), sex, or bird family (Psittacidae, Cacatuidae, and Psittaculidae), differences noted between groups were not significant. The only variable significantly affecting time to conversion was method used, with Tough Love converting birds faster than the other methods. Ultimately, all 3 methods of dietary conversion were successful with the majority of birds during the first month of implementation. These results provide evidence-based information to owners and veterinarians to facilitate pellet conversion attempts for psittacine birds.","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 2","pages":"145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40632050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathologic, Gross Necropsy, and Histopathologic Effects of High-Dose, Repeated Meloxicam Administration in Rhode Island Red Chickens (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>).","authors":"Emma L Houck,&nbsp;Olivia A Petritz,&nbsp;Laura R Chen,&nbsp;Oscar J Fletcher,&nbsp;Andrea E Thomson,&nbsp;Keven Flammer","doi":"10.1647/20-00070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/20-00070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meloxicam is a commonly prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for backyard poultry that has demonstrated pharmacodynamic efficacy at a single high dose of 5 mg/ kg. This study characterized the adverse effects of meloxicam administered in chickens at an approximate dose of 5 mg/kg orally twice daily for 5 days. Twenty-one adult Rhode Island Red hens (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>), judged to be healthy based on an external physical examination, complete blood count (CBC), and plasma biochemistry panel, were recruited for this study. The subject birds were randomly assigned to a treatment (n = 11) or control group (n = 10) and received a 15-mg tablet of meloxicam or a nonmedicated feed pellet, respectively, orally twice daily. Physical examinations and body weight measurements were performed daily, and observation for clinical signs occurred twice daily. Following completion of the 5-day treatment course, an external physical examination, blood collection for a CBC and plasma biochemistry panel, euthanasia, necropsy, and measurement of meloxicam tissue residues were performed. During the treatment course, 1 hen from the treatment group died with peracute clinical signs, 2 hens from the treatment group died suddenly with no clinical signs, and 1 hen from the treatment group became acutely lethargic and was euthanized. Within the meloxicam group, 7 out of 11 hens had gross and histologic evidence of varying levels of renal acute tubular injury and gout. Plasma uric acid concentrations were above the species reference intervals in all affected hens in the treatment group that were still available for testing. The control group had no evidence of renal injury or gout based on postmortem examinations. Based on the results of this study, repeated oral dosing of meloxicam in chickens at 5 mg/kg twice daily is not recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 2","pages":"128-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40632048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenic Idiopathic Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in a Yellow-Collared Macaw (<i>Primolius auricollis</i>).","authors":"Thomas Coutant,&nbsp;Ciro Cococcetta,&nbsp;Albert Phouratsamay,&nbsp;Graham Zoller,&nbsp;Stéphanie Beurlet-Lafarge,&nbsp;Anne Girard-Luc,&nbsp;Minh Huynh","doi":"10.1647/21-00042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/21-00042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1.5-year-old yellow-collared macaw (<i>Primolius auricollis</i>) was presented as a referral case for chronic breathing difficulties and coelomic distension. The bird was in poor body condition, and coelomic distension and green-colored urates were noted during the physical examination. Radiographic images revealed a large coelomic space-occupying soft-tissue lesion that was ultrasonographically confirmed to be hepatomegaly; the liver had a heterogeneous echogenic pattern. An ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirate of the liver was performed. The cytological results revealed immature hematopoietic cells with signs of dyserythropoiesis and were consistent with extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). The plasma biochemistry panel revealed a marked increase in aspartate aminotransferase and bile acids, consistent with severe hepatic disease. Following the results of the diagnostic tests, chemotherapy was initiated using hydroxyurea. Two weeks after the initial presentation and treatment, the bird died and a full postmortem examination was performed. Macroscopic examination confirmed severe hepatomegaly and severe splenomegaly. Histopathological examination of tissue samples confirmed severe EMH in the liver and spleen, splenic and renal hemosiderosis, and acute pulmonary congestion. The bone marrow was normal. The final diagnosis was pathogenic idiopathic EMH, and this case was unusual in both its presentation and severity. Extramedullary hematopoiesis is usually related to myeloid proliferative disorder, chronic blood loss, hemolytic disease, or chronic inflammatory disease. Mycobacteriosis and parasitic infection have been reported to be associated with EMH in birds; however, the inflammatory patterns seen in those cases were lacking in this case. Myeloproliferative neoplasia also appears an unlikely disease condition in this case considering that histopathology found normal architecture in the studied bone marrow; however, bone marrow abnormalities in locations other than the one sampled could not be excluded. A short review of homeostatic and pathogenic hematopoiesis in birds is provided to support the likely diagnosis of idiopathic EMH.</p>","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 2","pages":"206-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40713407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Race Continues: Taking the Baton and Continuing to Share Evidence-Based Knowledge to Expand Our Understanding of Avian Species.","authors":"Mark A Mitchell","doi":"10.1647/1082-6742-36.2.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742-36.2.119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15102,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","volume":"36 2","pages":"119-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40632046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}