Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Pigment epithelium-derived factor: chemistry, structure, biology, and applications.","authors":"S Patricia Becerra, Crispin R Dass, Takeshi Yabe, Susan E Crawford","doi":"10.1155/2012/830975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/830975","url":null,"abstract":"Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional serpin protein with demonstrable neurotrophic, antiangiogenic, antitumorigenic, antimetastatic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative properties among others. PEDF exists naturally in most organs of the human body, and it is released from most cell types as an extracellular diffusible and circulating glycoprotein. It has been studied mostly in the eye, where its levels are altered in diseases characterized by retinopathies, such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. The importance of PEDF in the development, maintenance, and function of the retina and CNS is evident in animal models for inherited and light-induced retinal degeneration, as well as for degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons. Pathological ocular neovascularization- and retinal degeneration-related animal models have prompted clinical development. Clinical trials to assess the safety of a viral expression vector for PEDF in the context of age-related macular degeneration have been performed. Interestingly, PEDF has multiple biological effects against tumors, and its efficacy has been demonstrated in several animal models for tumor growth and progression. The mechanisms of PEDF action on tumors have been associated to inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, and also negative effects directed on tumor cells. Recently, the involvement of PEDF in stem cell biology has been revealed. Moreover, PEDF is a potential diagnostic tool for several diseases triggered by pathological neovascularization, retinal degenerations, or tumors. \u0000 \u0000The present issue includes three original research and four review articles. In one article, V. Chandolu and C. R. Dass review the biological functions of PEDF against cancer, with a focus on a particular type of bone cancer called osteosarcoma. They summarize the progress in understanding the function of PEDF in antiangiogenesis, tumor cell differentiation, and direct tumor cell inhibition. In another review article, J.-T. Liu et al. address the role of PEDF in stem/progenitor cell-associated neovascularization, in particular in cardiovascular and neurovascular biology. M. Elahy et al. review the promising significance of PEDF in stem cell biology, specifically in human embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem sells (NSCs), and stem cells overexpressing the PEDF gene. X.-F. Zhu et al. summarize the advances of PEDF in diabetic retinopathy, its protective effect on oxidative stress, which is the main trigger for the pathology, and the potential application of PEDF in diabetic retinopathy. In a research article, P. Subramanian et al. report the identification of biochemical forms of PEDF with distinct biological effects on tumor cells, which may explain the multifunctional modality of this protein. In a second research article, M. L. Broadhead et al. report the effects of two PEDF-derived peptides on a clinically relevant murine model of osteosarcoma with spontan","PeriodicalId":15089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"830975"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/830975","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30911852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer chemoprevention.","authors":"Amr Amin, Metka Filipič, Su S Chen, Regine Schneider-Stock","doi":"10.1155/2012/250491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/250491","url":null,"abstract":"1 Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain 17551, UAE 2 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt 3 Department for Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia 4 Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA 5 Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany","PeriodicalId":15089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"250491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/250491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30963965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of ovine oocytes by brilliant cresyl blue staining.","authors":"Liqin Wang,&nbsp;Jiapeng Lin,&nbsp;Juncheng Huang,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Yuncheng Zhao,&nbsp;Tong Chen","doi":"10.1155/2012/161372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/161372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sheep oocytes derived from the ovaries collected from the slaughterhouse are often used for research on in vitro embryo production, animal cloning, transgenesis, embryonic stem cells, and other embryo biotechnology aspects. Improving the in vitro culture efficiency of oocytes can provide more materials for similar studies. Generally, determination of oocyte quality is mostly based on the layers of cumulus cells and cytoplasm or cytoplasm uniformity and colors. This requires considerable experience to better identify oocyte quality because of the intense subjectivity involved (Gordon (2003), Madison et al. (1992) and De Loos et al. (1992)). BCB staining is a function of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity, an enzyme synthesized in developing oocytes, which decreases in activity with maturation. Therefore, unstained oocytes (BCB-) are high in G6PD activity, while the less mature oocytes stains are deep blue (BCB+) due to insuffcient G6PD activity to decolorize the BCB dye.</p>","PeriodicalId":15089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"161372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/161372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30671707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of two suspension arrays for simultaneous detection of five biothreat bacterial in powder samples.","authors":"Yu Yang,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Haiyan Wen,&nbsp;Hengchuan Liu","doi":"10.1155/2012/831052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/831052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have developed novel Bio-Plex assays for simultaneous detection of Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Brucella spp., Francisella tularensis, and Burkholderia pseudomallei. Universal primers were used to amplify highly conserved region located within the 16S rRNA amplicon, followed by hybridized to pathogen-specific probes for identification of these five organisms. The other assay is based on multiplex PCR to simultaneously amplify five species-specific pathogen identification-targeted regions unique to individual pathogen. Both of the two arrays are validated to be flexible and sensitive for simultaneous detection of bioterrorism bacteria. However, universal primer PCR-based array could not identify Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, and Brucella spp. at the species level because of the high conservation of 16S rDNA of the same genus. The two suspension arrays can be utilized to detect Bacillus anthracis sterne spore and Yersinia pestis EV76 from mimic \"write powder\" samples, they also proved that the suspension array system will be valuable tools for diagnosis of bacterial biothreat agents in environmental samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":15089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"831052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/831052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30683262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorectal cancer chemoprevention by mesalazine and its derivatives.","authors":"Carmine Stolfi,&nbsp;Francesco Pallone,&nbsp;Giovanni Monteleone","doi":"10.1155/2012/980458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/980458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) face an increased lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Independent factors associated with increased risk include long disease duration, extensive colonic involvement, young age at onset of IBD, severity of inflammation, primary sclerosing cholangitis, backwash ileitis, and a family history of CRC, thus emphasising the role of intestinal inflammation as an underlying mechanism. This notion is also supported by the demonstration that the use of certain drugs used to attenuate the ongoing mucosal inflammation, such as mesalazine, seems to associate with a reduced incidence of colitis-associated CRC. In the last decade, work from many laboratories has contributed to delineate the mechanisms by which mesalazine alters CRC cell behaviour. In this paper, we review the available experimental data supporting the ability of mesalazine and its derivatives to interfere with intracellular signals involved in CRC cell growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":15089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"980458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/980458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30694335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of (99m)Tc-N4-NIM for molecular imaging of tumor hypoxia.","authors":"Mohammad S Ali,&nbsp;Fan-Lin Kong,&nbsp;Alex Rollo,&nbsp;Richard Mendez,&nbsp;Saady Kohanim,&nbsp;Daniel Lee Smith,&nbsp;David J Yang","doi":"10.1155/2012/828139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/828139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nitro group of 2-nitroimidazole (NIM) enters the tumor cells and is bioreductively activated and fixed in the hypoxia cells. 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (N4) has shown to be a stable chelator for (99m)Tc. The present study was aimed to develop (99m)Tc-cyclam-2-nitroimidazole ((99m)Tc-N4-NIM) for tumor hypoxia imaging. N4-NIM precursor was synthesized by reacting N4-oxalate and 1,3-dibromopropane-NIM, yielded 14% (total synthesis). Cell uptake of (99m)Tc-N4-NIM and (99m)Tc-N4 was obtained in 13762 rat mammary tumor cells and mesothelioma cells in 6-well plates. Tissue distribution of (99m)Tc-N4-NIM was evaluated in breast-tumor-bearing rats at 0.5-4 hrs. Tumor oxygen tension was measured using an oxygen probe. Planar imaging was performed in the tumor-bearing rat and rabbit models. Radiochemical purity of (99m)Tc-N4-NIM was >96% by HPLC. Cell uptake of (99m)Tc-N4-NIM was higher than (99m)Tc-N4 in both cell lines. Biodistribution of (99m)Tc-N4-NIM showed increased tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle count density ratios as a function of time. Oxygen tension in tumor tissue was 6-10 mmHg compared to 40-50 mmHg in normal muscle tissue. Planar imaging studies confirmed that the tumors could be visualized clearly with (99m)Tc-N4-NIM in animal models. Efficient synthesis of N4-NIM was achieved. (99m)Tc-N4-NIM is a novel hypoxic probe and may be useful in evaluating cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"828139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/828139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30706288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of genes and repetitive elements in the Diabrotica virgifera virgifera genome estimated using BAC sequencing.","authors":"Brad S Coates,&nbsp;Analiza P Alves,&nbsp;Haichuan Wang,&nbsp;Kimberly K O Walden,&nbsp;B Wade French,&nbsp;Nicholas J Miller,&nbsp;Craig A Abel,&nbsp;Hugh M Robertson,&nbsp;Thomas W Sappington,&nbsp;Blair D Siegfried","doi":"10.1155/2012/604076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/604076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feeding damage caused by the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is destructive to corn plants in North America and Europe where control remains challenging due to evolution of resistance to chemical and transgenic toxins. A BAC library, DvvBAC1, containing 109,486 clones with 104 ± 34.5 kb inserts was created, which has an ~4.56X genome coverage based upon a 2.58 Gb (2.80 pg) flow cytometry-estimated haploid genome size. Paired end sequencing of 1037 BAC inserts produced 1.17 Mb of data (~0.05% genome coverage) and indicated ~9.4 and 16.0% of reads encode, respectively, endogenous genes and transposable elements (TEs). Sequencing genes within BAC full inserts demonstrated that TE densities are high within intergenic and intron regions and contribute to the increased gene size. Comparison of homologous genome regions cloned within different BAC clones indicated that TE movement may cause haplotype variation within the inbred strain. The data presented here indicate that the D. virgifera virgifera genome is large in size and contains a high proportion of repetitive sequence. These BAC sequencing methods that are applicable for characterization of genomes prior to sequencing may likely be valuable resources for genome annotation as well as scaffolding.</p>","PeriodicalId":15089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"604076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/604076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30855975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells: a new source for hepatocyte-like cells and induction of CFTR expression by coculture with cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells.","authors":"Valentina Paracchini,&nbsp;Annalucia Carbone,&nbsp;Federico Colombo,&nbsp;Stefano Castellani,&nbsp;Silvia Mazzucchelli,&nbsp;Sante Di Gioia,&nbsp;Dario Degiorgio,&nbsp;Manuela Seia,&nbsp;Laura Porretti,&nbsp;Carla Colombo,&nbsp;Massimo Conese","doi":"10.1155/2012/575471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/575471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, with lung and liver manifestations. Because of pitfalls of gene therapy, novel approaches for reconstitution of the airway epithelium and CFTR expression should be explored. In the present study, human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) were isolated from term placentas and characterized for expression of phenotypic and pluripotency markers, and for differentiation potential towards mesoderm (osteogenic and adipogenic) lineages. Moreover, hAMSCs were induced to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, as demonstrated by mixed function oxidase activity and expression of albumin, alpha1-antitrypsin, and CK19. We also investigated the CFTR expression in hAMSCs upon isolation and in coculture with CF airway epithelial cells. Freshly isolated hAMSCs displayed low levels of CFTR mRNA, which even decreased with culture passages. Following staining with the vital dye CM-DiI, hAMSCs were mixed with CFBE41o- respiratory epithelial cells and seeded onto permeable filters. Flow cytometry demonstrated that 33-50% of hAMSCs acquired a detectable CFTR expression on the apical membrane, a result confirmed by confocal microscopy. Our data show that amniotic MSCs have the potential to differentiate into epithelial cells of organs relevant in CF pathogenesis and may contribute to partial correction of the CF phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":15089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"575471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/575471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30443679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmodium riboprotein PfP0 induces a deviant humoral immune response in Balb/c mice.","authors":"Sulabha Pathak,&nbsp;K Rajeshwari,&nbsp;Swati Garg,&nbsp;Sudarsan Rajagopal,&nbsp;Kalpesh Patel,&nbsp;Bidyut Das,&nbsp;Sylviane Pied,&nbsp;Balachandran Ravindran,&nbsp;Shobhona Sharma","doi":"10.1155/2012/695843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/695843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Passive immunization with antibodies to recombinant Plasmodium falciparum P0 riboprotein (rPfP0, 61-316 amino acids) provides protection against malaria. Carboxy-terminal 16 amino acids of the protein (PfP0C0) are conserved and show 69% identity to human and mouse P0. Antibodies to this domain are found in 10-15% of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. We probed the nature of humoral response to PfP0C0 by repeatedly immunizing mice with rPfP0. We failed to raise stable anti-PfP0C0 hybridomas from any of the 21 mice. The average serum anti-PfP0C0 titer remained low (5.1 ± 1.3 × 10⁴). Pathological changes were observed in the mice after seven boosts. Adsorption with dinitrophenyl hapten revealed that the anti-PfP0C0 response was largely polyreactive. This polyreactivity was distributed across all isotypes. Similar polyreactive responses to PfP0 and PfP0C0 were observed in sera from malaria patients. Our data suggests that PfP0 induces a deviant humoral response, and this may contribute to immune evasion mechanisms of the parasite.</p>","PeriodicalId":15089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"695843"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/695843","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30443680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thin-layer hydroxyapatite deposition on a nanofiber surface stimulates mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and their differentiation into osteoblasts.","authors":"Eva Prosecká,&nbsp;Matej Buzgo,&nbsp;Michala Rampichová,&nbsp;Tomáš Kocourek,&nbsp;Petra Kochová,&nbsp;Lucie Vysloužilová,&nbsp;Daniel Tvrdík,&nbsp;Miroslav Jelínek,&nbsp;David Lukáš,&nbsp;Evžen Amler","doi":"10.1155/2012/428503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/428503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulsed laser deposition was proved as a suitable method for hydroxyapatite (HA) coating of coaxial poly-ɛ-caprolactone/polyvinylalcohol (PCL/PVA) nanofibers. The fibrous morphology of PCL/PVA nanofibers was preserved, if the nanofiber scaffold was coated with thin layers of HA (200 nm and 400 nm). Increasing thickness of HA, however, resulted in a gradual loss of fibrous character. In addition, biomechanical properties were improved after HA deposition on PCL/PVA nanofibers as the value of Young's moduli of elasticity significantly increased. Clearly, thin-layer hydroxyapatite deposition on a nanofiber surface stimulated mesenchymal stem cell viability and their differentiation into osteoblasts. The optimal depth of HA was 800 nm.</p>","PeriodicalId":15089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"428503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/428503","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30447134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}