Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"AI-Driven Image Analysis in Central Nervous System Tumors-Traditional Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Hybrid Models.","authors":"A V Krauze, Y Zhuge, R Zhao, E Tasci, K Camphausen","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280046","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interpretation of imaging in medicine in general and in oncology specifically remains problematic due to several limitations which include the need to incorporate detailed clinical history, patient and disease-specific history, clinical exam features, previous and ongoing treatment, and account for the dependency on reproducible human interpretation of multiple factors with incomplete data linkage. To standardize reporting, minimize bias, expedite management, and improve outcomes, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has gained significant prominence in imaging analysis. In oncology, AI methods have as a result been explored in most cancer types with ongoing progress in employing AI towards imaging for oncology treatment, assessing treatment response, and understanding and communicating prognosis. Challenges remain with limited available data sets, variability in imaging changes over time augmented by a growing heterogeneity in analysis approaches. We review the imaging analysis workflow and examine how hand-crafted features also referred to as traditional Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL) approaches, and hybrid analyses, are being employed in AI-driven imaging analysis in central nervous system tumors. ML, DL, and hybrid approaches coexist, and their combination may produce superior results although data in this space is as yet novel, and conclusions and pitfalls have yet to be fully explored. We note the growing technical complexities that may become increasingly separated from the clinic and enforce the acute need for clinician engagement to guide progress and ensure that conclusions derived from AI-driven imaging analysis reflect that same level of scrutiny lent to other avenues of clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8802234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39879604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cell-free Infection System to Study Translation, Replication and Phage-particle Production during Infection of E. coli By Bacteriophage Qβ","authors":"Pernille Skov Rasmussen, Charlotte Rohde Knudsen","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-1280051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-1280051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87900594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Drug Candidate for Treating Adverse Reactions Caused by Pathogenic Antibodies Inducible by SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Vaccines","authors":"Huiru Wang, Xiancong Wu, L. Dai, Yue Hu, Yuekai Zhang, Yuxing Chen, Xiaoling Liu","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-280049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-280049","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent study, we reported that certain anti-spike antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV viruses can have a pathogenic effect through binding to sick lung epithelium cells and misleading immune responses to attack self-cells. We termed this new pathogenic mechanism “Antibody Dependent Auto-Attack” (ADAA). This study explores a drug candidate for prevention and treatment of such ADAA-based diseases. The drug candidate is a formulation comprising N-acetylneuraminic acid methyl ester (NANA-Me), an analog of N-acetylneuraminic acid. NANA-Me acts through a unique mechanism of action (MOA) which is repairment of the missing sialic acid on sick lung epithelium cells. This MOA can block the antibodies’ binding to sick cells, which are vulnerable to pathogenic to prevent and treat the adverse reactions of COVID-19 vaccines because the vaccines can induce similar antibodies, including pathogenic antibodies. The formulation will be helpful in increasing the safety of the vaccines without reducing the vaccine’s efficacy. Compared to existing antiviral drugs, the formulation has a unique MOA of targeting receptors, broad spectrum of indications, excellent safety profile, resistance to mutations, and can be easily produced.","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91056668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Nutraceuticals in the Top Five Cancers with the Highest Number of Deaths Globally","authors":"Aayushi B. Patel, S. Patel, S. Potlakayala, Arati Sharma, D. Desai, S. Rudrabhatla","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-91280060","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a group of diseases with some of the highest health burdens globally and its mortality rate comes second after heart failure. Conventional cancer treatment options, of which chemotherapy is the main option, do not have a high success rate. As an alternative treatment option, nutraceuticals, derived from “nutrition” and “pharmaceutics,” are being considered. Nutraceuticals have gained traction for their use in cancer treatment and being explored for their therapeutic value. Unlike conventional treatments which have major side effects, nutraceuticals possess minimal side effects. Most recently the implications of nutraceuticals in various types of cancers have been studied due to their medicinal potential and benefits, especially in relation to decreasing the tumor burden.","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86267359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melasma (Chloasma): Pathogenesis and Treatment","authors":"Fariyal Hoque, J. McGrath, Syed Ebeny Shaude","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-91280064","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Now-a-days melasma is a common pigmentary condition, particularly among Asians, and its treatment is challenging for dermatologists because of unsatisfactory responses and high recurrence rates in many patients. Objectives: This dissertation provides an overview of the aetiology and pathogenesis of melasma, followed by a focus on its current management. Methodology: This dissertation is based on a comprehensive literature search, identifying relevant articles using Ovid, PubMed, and Google Scholar. For the therapy section the data mainly involve a critical review of published randomized controlled trials. Various studies from sample groups of different ethnicities, age groups, and gender, were evaluated. Clinical trial findings: Being an uncommon skin hyperpigmentation condition melasma now has become a serious problem especially among dark skinned population. Although the exact cause or pathogenesis of this condition is still 7 poorly understood, new data identifying proteins, RNAs and micro-RNAs implicated in melanocyte cell biology and extracellular matrix homeostasis and signalling pathways linked to melasma, may contribute towards novel treatments for melasma which may bring more positive results and better prevention of relapse. Currently, most available treatments for melasma are not showing effective or sustained outcomes. The ongoing treatments of melasma include regular UV protection, topical medicines, oral treatments, chemical peels, some clinical procedures, LASER sessions and light-based therapies. For dermatologists, optimal use of current treatment modalities should be directed by clinical trials data and evidence-based medicine. Conclusions: Although Melasma is caused by several factors like genetics, sunlight exposure, female sex hormones, thyroid problems, anticonvulsant medication and cosmetic items, the main pathogenesis is yet to be understood clearly. The first-line treatment is currently topical agents among which triple combination is the most effective one. Recommendation: Melasma's aetiology and pathophysiology aren't completely understood. As a result, more research is needed to pinpoint the actual cause.","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88914610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Quantification of Tumor-Stroma Ratio in Early Muscle Invasive Urothelial Carcinomas","authors":"Vrabie Camelia D, Gangal Marius D","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-91280059","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor-Stroma Ratio, a marker of tumor microenvironment, proved to be a reliable independent prognostic predictor in many solid tumors but it’s value in transitional carcinoma is still under research. Visual quantification of tumoral and stromal areas is possible but is time consuming and subjective. Machine learning image segmentation can improve diagnostic precision. Our research interest is to evaluate how precision pathology tools (machine learning segmentation of whole slide images) may improve quantification of the tumor-stroma ratio in early muscle invasive bladder tumors and increase histologic diagnostic prognostic value. 10 cases of pathology stage T2A bladder cancers whole slide images were carefully matched (sex, age and smoking status) with 10 cases of pT2B form the same open database (Cancer Genome Atlas Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma dataset, TCGA-BLCA). The machine learning segmentation used a trained approach and was performed under 3 labels (tumor, stroma, other). The mean tumor to stroma ratio was significant higher (tumor>stroma) in pT2A cohort (p<0.0001). Vital prognostic was different between groups: 90% of subjects were alive at 3 years after diagnostic in pT2A cohort and only 40% in pT2B cohort. Our proof-of-concept study suggest the utility of the tumor-stroma ratio in differentiating challenging diagnostics of early muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma. A larger, real world data study will have to confirm the benefits of this marker in everyday clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79611755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Bilateral Bone Bridge Implantation in a Two-Year-Old Child with Atresia of the External Auditory canal: A Case Report","authors":"Thomas Mayr, A. Magele, Philipp Schörg, Georg M Sprinzl","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-91280058","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Active transcutaneous bone conduction implants are indicated for mild to moderate conductive or mixed hearing loss (intact inner ear and auditory nerve) for subjects 5 years or older. The aim of the here presented study was to share our results with the Bonebridge in a child aged 2 years at time of surgery. Especially the new generation of the implant being half of the size, a re-evaluation of the given indication for children 5 years or older is highly recommended. Methods: case presentation Results: At the age of one month bilateral auricle malformation as well as auditory canal atresia was diagnosed. The family history showed no further malformations and an uneventful pregnancy. The infant was provided with a Baha-Softband as well as speech therapy. Diagnostic BERA and MRI showed suitable anatomical structures allowing placement of an implant. The parents were counseled on available treatment options and the fact that the Bonebridge implantation would be off-label use due to the given indication age. Nonetheless, the parents insisted on the Bonebridge. At the age of 28 months the bilateral implantation (BCI 602) was performed within 40 minutes and without any intra- nor post-operative complications. Conclusion: Based on the safe, easy and eventless implantation, the highly satisfactory results and the beneficial audiological outcomes, the authors propose to lower the implantation age based on available bone tissue allowing device placement. Similar as for Cochlear Implant recipients, a stable and early auditory input to ensure unrestricted speech development should be the major goal.","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"16 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78301925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Harmony and the Unified Theory of Everything. Across the Universe towards Human Body and Mind with Discovery of Neuroarchitecture Vinci Power Nap® Pendulum as the Biotechnology of the Future","authors":"Magdalena Filcek","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-280057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-280057","url":null,"abstract":"Science and geometry have always developed parallel and interpenetrated. The orbits of the planets around the Sun can be represented by ellipses as a result of the law of gravity. Simple geometric shapes are associated with simple dynamics because this kind of mathematical representation implies an interwoven relationship between the form of an object and the forces acting on it. The author's pioneering empirical observations and research on the biotechnology patented Vinci Power Nap® neuroarchitecture system, led to the a very important notion that this unique combination of a horizontal pendulum motion with a vertical harmonic oscillator, with a man lying inside as a pendulum lens - all together create harmony in the observed resonant frequency and period by presenting two values of the number Phi. If everything in the universe is made of energy, then maybe that energy can be defined in terms of 0 , 618Hz frequency, which was found in the Vinci Power Nap® pendulum, as a pattern of incessant space fractal transformation, inner fundamental force of nature and the matrix of creation. Feynman’s fine structure constant can relate this golden ratio to quantum physics, leading to quantum biology, quantum gravity, the general theory of unification and even further to the M-Theory, unified field theory, theory of everything (TOE).","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89181601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Report of Endografting Using a Long Sheath under the Assistance of a Through-and-Thorough Wire Technique for an Extremely Tortuous Aortic Anatomy","authors":"S. Minegishi, Yusuke Inaba, H. Endo, H. Kubota","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-280054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-280054","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Despite its rapid technological development and widespread uptake for thoracic aortic disease, an extremely tortuous aortic anatomy is considered a contraindication for thoracic endovascular aortic repair procedure. We report a case of a successful thoracic endovascular aortic repair using techniques to straighten an extremely tortuous aorta friendly. Methods: A 78-year-old man with frequent surgical history of aortic repair was admitted to our outpatient clinic because of dyspnea and back pain. Enhanced computed tomography scan revealed type Ib endoleak, acute enlargement of the remnant native aorta and an extremely tortuous aorta. We successfully performed a thoracic endovascular aortic repair using a Gore DrySeal 65 cm sheath, combined with a Gore C-Tag device under the assistance of a through-and-thorough wire technique in the distal descending aorta. Conclusions: Using all the available techniques, thoracic endovascular aortic repair can be performed even in the most challenging cases.","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83642491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) and Granulocyte Macrophage Progenitors (GMP) are the Oxidative Stress Targets in Low/Intermediate-1 Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes.","authors":"Valentina Giai,&nbsp;Thea Bensi,&nbsp;Claudia Bertassello,&nbsp;Michela Savio,&nbsp;Dario Ferrero,&nbsp;Maria Matilde Ciriello,&nbsp;Marco Ladetto","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-91280063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are a heterogenous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell malignancies. Previous studies showed that Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) play a role in the pathogenesis and clinical evolution of MDS, contributing to Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPC) genetic instability. Less is known about ROS levels in the various sub-populations of MDS HSPC and how they correlate with clinical data in MDS patients. Our study aims to analyze ROS levels in MDS Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC), common myeloid progenitors (CMP), Granulocyte Macrophages Progenitors (GMP) and megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (MEP); afterwards, we looked at the relationship between ROS levels and clinical data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>thirty-eight MDS and 27 Normal Bone Marrow (NBM) samples were collected; ROS levels were analyzed via multicolor flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both NBM and MDS, HSC showed much higher ROS levels than progenitors (3 to 4 folds, p < 0.0001); HSC ROS were significantly more elevated in MDS-no excess blasts versus MDS with excess blasts and versus NBM. GMP from MDS-no excess blasts showed higher ROS compared to NBM GMP. The 3 MDS with Ringed Sideroblasts (RS) showed more elevated ROS in HSC and GMP compared to the not RS low/intermediate-1 MDS; the 2 monosomy 7 patients displayed higher ROS levels in each subpopulation compared to the normal karyotype MDS; the only del(5q) patient did not show relevant differences in ROS levels compared to the median of the normal karyotype MDS ROS. The 9 high transfusion burden patients exhibited higher ROS in HSC and GMP compared to NBM HSC and GMP. These data were not confirmed in low transfusion burden (n:2) and non-transfused patients (n:26). In low/intermediate-1 MDS, a direct correlation between ferritin values and ROS levels in progenitors, but not in HSC, was detected. Interestingly, low/intermediate-1 risk patients that are no longer responding to recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) showed higher ROS levels in GMP and HSC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data showed that ROS can play a role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of low and intermediate-1 risk MDS clone; ROS status can be influenced by several clinical factors as ferritin levels and rh-EPO treatment. In this scenario, high ROS levels can contribute to genetic instability and influence progression to AML. Further biological studies are needed to elucidate ROS role in MDS pathogenesis and analyze the possible benefit of antioxidant drugs added to the standard MDS treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"5 4","pages":"226-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9836226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10545436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}