Journal of Biological Rhythms最新文献

{"title":"Using Wearable Skin Temperature Data to Advance Tracking and Characterization of the Menstrual Cycle in a Real-World Setting.","authors":"Marie Gombert-Labedens, Elisabet Alzueta, Evelyn Perez-Amparan, Dilara Yuksel, Orsolya Kiss, Massimiliano de Zambotti, Katharine Simon, Jing Zhang, Alessandra Shuster, Allison Morehouse, Andres Alessandro Pena, Sara Mednick, Fiona C Baker","doi":"10.1177/07487304241247893","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07487304241247893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The menstrual cycle is a loop involving the interplay of different organs and hormones, with the capacity to impact numerous physiological processes, including body temperature and heart rate, which in turn display menstrual rhythms. The advent of wearable devices that can continuously track physiological data opens the possibility of using these prolonged time series of skin temperature data to noninvasively detect the temperature variations that occur in ovulatory menstrual cycles. Here, we show that the menstrual skin temperature variation is better represented by a model of oscillation, the cosinor, than by a biphasic square wave model. We describe how applying a cosinor model to a menstrual cycle of distal skin temperature data can be used to assess whether the data oscillate or not, and in cases of oscillation, rhythm metrics for the cycle, including mesor, amplitude, and acrophase, can be obtained. We apply the method to wearable temperature data collected at a minute resolution each day from 120 female individuals over a menstrual cycle to illustrate how the method can be used to derive and present menstrual cycle characteristics, which can be used in other analyses examining indicators of female health. The cosinor method, frequently used in circadian rhythms studies, can be employed in research to facilitate the assessment of menstrual cycle effects on physiological parameters, and in clinical settings to use the characteristics of the menstrual cycles as health markers or to facilitate menstrual chronotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":" ","pages":"331-350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11294004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Advice on Measuring and Applying Light for Laboratory Mammals.","authors":"Robert J Lucas, Stuart N Peirson","doi":"10.1177/07487304241259514","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07487304241259514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light is recognized as an important component of the environment for laboratory animals. It supports vision, sets the phase of circadian clocks, and drives wide-ranging adjustments in physiological and behavioral state. Manipulating light is meanwhile a key experimental approach in the fields of vision science and chronobiology. Nevertheless, until recently, there has been no consensus on methods for quantifying light as experienced by laboratory animals. Widely adopted practices employ metrics such as illuminance (units = lux) that are designed to quantify light as experienced by human observers. These weight energy across the spectrum according to a spectral sensitivity profile for human vision that is not widely replicated for non-human species. Recently, a Consensus View was published that proposes methods of light measurement and standardization that take account of these species-specific differences in wavelength sensitivity. Here, we draw upon the contents of that consensus to provide simplified advice on light measurement in laboratory mammal experimentation and husbandry and quantitative guidance on what constitutes appropriate lighting for both visual and circadian function.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":"39 4","pages":"323-330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Sex Influences Daily Locomotor Rhythms in Mice Held Under Different Housing Conditions.","authors":"Amanda Pastrick, Matthew Diaz, Griffin Adaya, Victoria Montinola, Madeline Arzbecker, Deborah A M Joye, Jennifer A Evans","doi":"10.1177/07487304241256004","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07487304241256004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Daily rhythms are programmed by a central circadian clock that is modulated by photoperiod. Here, we recorded locomotor activity rhythms in C57Bl/6 or mPer2^Luc mice of both sexes held under different housing conditions. First, we confirm that the structure of locomotor activity rhythms differs between male and female mice in both genetic backgrounds. Male mice exhibit a nightly \"siesta,\" whereas female mice fluctuate between nights with and without a nightly siesta, which corresponds with changes in locomotor activity levels, circadian period, and vaginal cytology. The nightly siesta is modulated by the presence of a running wheel in both sexes but is not required for the infradian patterning of locomotor rhythms in females. Finally, photoperiodic changes in locomotor rhythms differed by sex, and females displayed phase-jumping responses earlier than males under a parametric photoentrainment assay simulating increasing day length. Collectively, these results highlight that sex and sex hormones influence daily locomotor rhythms under a variety of different environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":" ","pages":"351-364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11322640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Analyses of Four Cryptochromes From Aquatic Organisms After Heterologous Expression in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Circadian Clock Cells.","authors":"Chenghao Chen, T Katherine Tamai, Min Xu, Libero Petrone, Paola Oliveri, David Whitmore, Ralf Stanewsky","doi":"10.1177/07487304241228617","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07487304241228617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptochromes (Crys) represent a multi-facetted class of proteins closely associated with circadian clocks. They have been shown to function as photoreceptors but also to fulfill light-independent roles as transcriptional repressors within the negative feedback loop of the circadian clock. In addition, there is evidence for Crys being involved in light-dependent magneto-sensing, and regulation of neuronal activity in insects, adding to the functional diversity of this cryptic protein class. In mammals, Crys are essential components of the circadian clock, but their role in other vertebrates is less clear. In invertebrates, Crys can function as circadian photoreceptors, or as components of the circadian clock, while in some species, both light-receptive and clock factor roles coexist. In the current study, we investigate the function of Cry proteins in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>), a freshwater teleost expressing 6 <i>cry</i> genes. Zebrafish peripheral circadian clocks are intrinsically light-sensitive, suggesting the involvement of Cry in light-resetting. Echinoderms (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) represent the only class of deuterostomes that possess an orthologue (<i>SpuCry</i>) of the light-sensitive <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Cry, which is an important component of the light-resetting pathway, but also works as transcriptional repressor in peripheral clocks of fruit flies. We therefore investigated the potential of different zebrafish <i>cry</i> genes and <i>SpuCry</i> to replace the light-resetting and repressor functions of <i>Drosophila</i> Cry by expressing them in fruit flies lacking endogenous <i>cry</i> function. Using various behavioral and molecular approaches, we show that most Cry proteins analyzed are able to fulfill circadian repressor functions in flies, except for one of the zebrafish Crys, encoded by <i>cry4a</i>. Cry4a also shows a tendency to support light-dependent Cry functions, indicating that it might act in the light-input pathway of zebrafish.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":" ","pages":"365-378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11292970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140305734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Free-Running Circasemilunar Period Is Determined by Counting Circadian Clock Cycles in the Marine Midge <i>Clunio Marinus</i>.","authors":"Jule Neumann, Dharanish Rajendra, Tobias S Kaiser","doi":"10.1177/07487304241249516","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07487304241249516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Semilunar rhythms are found in numerous marine organisms, but the molecular mechanism and functional principles of endogenous circasemilunar clocks remain elusive. Here, we explore the connection between the free-running circasemilunar clock and the circadian clock in the marine midge <i>Clunio marinus</i> with three different chronobiological assays. First, we found that the free-running circasemilunar period of the adult emergence rhythm in <i>C. marinus</i> changes linearly with diel T-cycle length, supporting a day-counting mechanism. Second, under LD 6:6, periods of circasemilunar and circadian emergence were comparable to those under LD 12:12, indicating that the circasemilunar counter in <i>C. marinus</i> relies on endogenous circadian oscillations rather than external T-cycles. Finally, when desynchronizing the circadian clock with constant light, the free-running circasemilunar emergence rhythm disappeared as well, suggesting that it requires a synchronized circadian clock. These results oppose the long-held view that <i>C. marinus'</i> free-running circasemilunar clock operates independently of the circadian clock. In a broader evolutionary context, our results strengthen the idea that the circasemilunar clocks of dipterous insects are based on different functional principles compared to the circasemilunar or circalunar clocks of marine annelids and algae. These divergent clock principles may indicate multiple evolutionary origins of circasemilunar and circalunar clocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":" ","pages":"379-391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11292968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Roles for Essential Genes in the Regulation of the Circadian Clock in <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> Using CRISPR Interference.","authors":"Nouneh Boodaghian, Hyunsook Park, Susan E Cohen","doi":"10.1177/07487304241228333","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07487304241228333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian rhythms are found widely throughout nature where cyanobacteria are the simplest organisms, in which the molecular details of the clock have been elucidated. Circadian rhythmicity in cyanobacteria is carried out via the KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC core oscillator proteins that keep ~24 h time. A series of input and output proteins-CikA, SasA, and RpaA-regulate the clock by sensing environmental changes and timing rhythmic activities, including global rhythms of gene expression. Our previous work identified a novel set of KaiC-interacting proteins, some of which are encoded by genes that are essential for viability. To understand the relationship of these essential genes to the clock, we applied CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) which utilizes a deactivated Cas9 protein and single-guide RNA (sgRNA) to reduce the expression of target genes but not fully abolish their expression to allow for survival. Eight candidate genes were targeted, and strains were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for reduction of gene expression, and rhythms of gene expression were monitored to analyze circadian phenotypes. Strains with reduced expression of SynPCC7942_0001, <i>dnaN</i>, which encodes for the β-clamp of the replicative DNA polymerase, or SynPCC7942_1081, which likely encodes for a KtrA homolog involved in K⁺ transport, displayed longer circadian rhythms of gene expression than the wild type. As neither of these proteins have been previously implicated in the circadian clock, these data suggest that diverse cellular processes, DNA replication and K⁺ transport, can influence the circadian clock and represent new avenues to understand clock function.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":" ","pages":"308-317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Pupil Constriction on the Relationship Between Melanopic EDI and Melatonin Suppression in Young Adult Males.","authors":"Isabel Schöllhorn, Oliver Stefani, Robert J Lucas, Manuel Spitschan, Christian Epple, Christian Cajochen","doi":"10.1177/07487304241226466","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07487304241226466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pupil modulates the amount of light that reaches the retina. Not only luminance but also the spectral distribution defines the pupil size. Previous research has identified steady-state pupil size and melatonin attenuation to be predominantly driven by melanopsin, which is expressed by a unique subgroup of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) that are sensitive to short-wavelength light (~480 nm). Here, we aimed to selectively target the melanopsin system during the evening, while measuring steady-state pupil size and melatonin concentrations under commonly experienced evening light levels (<90 lx). Therefore, we used a five-primary display prototype to generate light conditions that were matched in terms of L-, M-, and S-cone-opic irradiances, but with high and low melanopic irradiances (~3-fold difference). Seventy-two healthy, male participants completed a 2-week study protocol. The volunteers were assigned to one of the four groups that differed in luminance levels (27-285 cd/m²). Within the four groups, each volunteer was exposed to a low melanopic (LM) and a high melanopic (HM) condition. The two 17-h study protocols comprised 3.5 h of light exposure starting 4 h before habitual bedtime. Median pupil size was significantly smaller during HM than LM in all four light intensity groups. In addition, we observed a significant correlation between melanopic weighted corneal illuminance (melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance [mEDI]) and pupil size, such that higher mEDI values were associated with smaller pupil size. Using pupil size to estimate retinal irradiance showed a qualitatively similar goodness of fit as mEDI for predicting melatonin suppression. Based on our results here, it remains appropriate to use melanopic irradiance measured at eye level when comparing light-dependent effects on evening melatonin concentrations in healthy young people at rather low light levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":" ","pages":"282-294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11141089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circadian Variation in the Response to Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Evidence Appraisal.","authors":"Cathy A Wyse, Laura M Rudderham, Enya A Nordon, Louise M Ince, Andrew N Coogan, Lorna M Lopez","doi":"10.1177/07487304241232447","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07487304241232447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular timing mechanisms known as circadian clocks drive endogenous 24-h rhythmicity in most physiological functions, including innate and adaptive immunity. Consequently, the response to immune challenge such as vaccination might depend on the time of day of exposure. This study assessed whether the time of day of vaccination (TODV) is associated with the subsequent immune and clinical response by conducting a systematic review of previous studies. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google, Medline, and Embase were searched for studies that reported TODV and immune and clinical outcomes, yielding 3114 studies, 23 of which met the inclusion criteria. The global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination program facilitated investigation of TODV and almost half of the studies included reported data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was considerable heterogeneity in the demography of participants and type of vaccine, and most studies were biased by failure to account for immune status prior to vaccination, self-selection of vaccination time, or confounding factors such as sleep, chronotype, and shiftwork. The optimum TODV was concluded to be afternoon (5 studies), morning (5 studies), morning and afternoon (1 study), midday (1 study), and morning or late afternoon (1 study), with the remaining 10 studies reporting no effect. Further research is required to understand the relationship between TODV and subsequent immune outcome and whether any clinical benefit outweighs the potential effect of this intervention on vaccine uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":" ","pages":"219-236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11141079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140065240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Polygenic Scores for Circadian Rhythms to Predict Wellbeing, Depressive Symptoms, Chronotype, and Health.","authors":"Anne Landvreugd, René Pool, Michel G Nivard, Meike Bartels","doi":"10.1177/07487304241230577","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07487304241230577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The association between circadian rhythms and diseases has been well established, while the association with mental health is less explored. Given the heritable nature of circadian rhythms, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between genes underlying circadian rhythms and mental health outcomes, as well as a possible gene-environment correlation for circadian rhythms. Polygenic scores (PGSs) represent the genetic predisposition to develop a certain trait or disease. In a sample from the Netherlands Twin Register (<i>N</i> = 14,021), PGSs were calculated for two circadian rhythm measures: morningness and relative amplitude (RA). The PGSs were used to predict mental health outcomes such as subjective happiness, quality of life, and depressive symptoms. In addition, we performed the same prediction analysis in a within-family design in a subset of dizygotic twins. The PGS for morningness significantly predicted morningness (<i>R</i>² = 1.55%) and depressive symptoms (<i>R</i>² = 0.22%). The PGS for RA significantly predicted general health (<i>R</i>² = 0.12%) and depressive symptoms (<i>R</i>² = 0.20%). Item analysis of the depressive symptoms showed that 4 out of 14 items were significantly associated with the PGSs. Overall, the results showed that people with a genetic predisposition of being a morning person or with a high RA are likely to have fewer depressive symptoms. The four associated depressive symptoms described symptoms related to decision-making, energy, and feeling worthless or inferior, rather than sleep. Based on our findings future research should include a substantial role for circadian rhythms in depression research and should further explore the gene-environment correlation in circadian rhythms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":" ","pages":"270-281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11141090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139996297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent Circadian Foraging Strategies in Response to Diurnal Predation Versus Persistent Rain in Asian Weaver Ant, <i>Oecophylla smaragdina</i>, Suggest Possible Energetic Trade-offs.","authors":"Avishek Dolai, Severine Soltani, Benjamin Smarr, Amlan Das","doi":"10.1177/07487304241233778","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07487304241233778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of chronobiology of foraging behavior in social insects offers valuable models for the investigation of circadian rhythms. We scored hourly nest entries and exits of <i>Oecophylla smaragdina</i> (Asian weaver ant) workers in 9 active non-polydomous nests on days with and without rain and with and without a primarily diurnal predator present. After determining that <i>Oecophylla</i> display a high nest fidelity, we focused exclusively on analyzing nest entry counts: we found a significant decrease in overall entry counts of individual ants on rainy days compared with non-rainy days (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). They usually maintain a typical diurnal pattern of foraging activity; however, that regularity was often distorted during rainy periods but appeared to quickly revert to typical patterns following rain. This lack of compensatory foraging activity following a period of rain supports the hypothesis that these ants have enough food reserves to withstand a pure masking-induced suppression of foraging activity. Predation through bird anting, too, decreased foraging activity but appeared to cause a reversal in foraging activity timing from diurnal to nocturnal foraging. Daily periodicity of foraging was significantly disrupted in most nests during rain; however, daily foraging periodicity was disrupted in only one nest due to presence of predators. Thus, rain and predation both exert significant impacts on the overall foraging activity of Asian weaver ants, but while persistent pressure from rain seemed to primarily cause masking (diminution) of circadian foraging activity, predation restricted to the daytime resulted in phase-inversion to nocturnal foraging activity, with little diminution. This is consistent with different energetic strategies being used in response to different pressures by this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Rhythms","volume":" ","pages":"295-307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11139593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140065241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}