{"title":"Mariology at and after the Second Vatican Council","authors":"A. B. Calkins","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.8","url":null,"abstract":"The formal treatment of the Blessed Virgin Mary by the Second Vatican Council (1962–65) was solemnly promulgated on 21 November 1964 as the eighth and final of the council’s most foundational document Lumen Gentium, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church. There was intense debate over whether there should be a separate document on Mary or whether it should be included in the document on the Church. By a margin of just forty votes it was decided to include the document on Mary in the constitution on the Church. There was a constant tension between presenting Mary in terms of her analogy with Christ and her analogy with the Church. After eight drafts, a remarkable balance was achieved. While the Council Fathers had no intention of saying a final word on Mary, they presented a biblical-dogmatic treatise that provides a solid foundation for teaching about Mary, which continued to be developed and commented on by the postconciliar popes, especially by Pope Saint John Paul II.","PeriodicalId":150556,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Mary","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126588218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Russian Spiritual Verses on the Mother of God","authors":"R. Price","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.44","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian Spiritual Verses are a repertoire of hymns to be sung, which developed over centuries in an oral culture and were performed primarily by wandering minstrels. They are strikingly free of close adherence to the Gospels. We hear of Christ being baptized as an infant, and by his Mother. There are moving laments of the Virgin at the foot of the Cross, in which she laments that her Son will be unable to look after her in her old age, and Christ consoles her with a promise that he will set up her image in every church and pray to it himself. Other hymns attribute to the Virgin an important role in the bestowal of life on earth and at the Last Judgement. The Verses show an imagination untrammelled by literary texts and often inspired by icons rather than the written word.","PeriodicalId":150556,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Mary","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117208005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Global Network of Deviant Revelatory Marian Movements","authors":"P. Margry","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.20","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses contemporary deviant—contested or condemned—Marian devotional movements and cultures, situated at and concentrated around modern apparitional sites, which collectively represent an implicit Marian network. This devotional network is largely independent from—or runs parallel to—mainstream Marian devotion, although the separation is not absolute as interaction with the institutional Church continues to take place. Most of these deviant revelatory devotions have emerged since the 1960s. Spiritually and devotionally, they are created, shaped, and propagated informally from the bottom up by the visionaries, the cult leadership, and in particular the associated communities of often dissenting, conservative, or (neo-) traditionalist devotees. The chapter identifies and describes this network as it has manifested itself on a transnational and global scale on the basis of fieldwork examples.","PeriodicalId":150556,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Mary","volume":"11 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113979503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Virgin Mary in the Hymns of the Catholic Church","authors":"T. A. Thompson","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.33","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents images of the Virgin Mary as found in the hymns of the Catholic Church—from the patristic to the post-Vatican II period. Marian hymns flourished in the Middle Ages, but after the Council of Trent (1545–1563), the Catholic liturgy contained, with few exceptions, only the Scriptural and euchological texts in Latin. The vernacular congregational hymn contributed to the flourishing of Marian devotion apart from the official liturgy. Vatican II integrated the Virgin Mary into the ‘Mystery of Christ’ celebrated in the liturgy and presented a Scriptural and ecclesial image of Mary. Suggestions are given for Marian hymns and for their place within the liturgy.","PeriodicalId":150556,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Mary","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134558024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Byzantine Festal Homilies on The Virgin Mary","authors":"M. Cunningham","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.11","url":null,"abstract":"Liturgical homilies in honour of the Virgin Mary, Theotokos (‘God-bearer’) were composed in Greek from about the early fifth century ce in the Eastern Christian Church. As Marian feasts were added to the Byzantine liturgical calendar between approximately the sixth and eighth centuries, preachers throughout the Eastern Roman empire (and beyond) added to this corpus, delivering homilies on subjects such as the Annunciation, the Nativity of the Virgin, her Entrance into the temple, and Dormition and Assumption into heaven. They were collected and transmitted mainly in liturgical collections, thus becoming readings for both liturgical and private devotional use. The surviving homilies, many of which remain untranslated into modern languages, contain a combination of Christological, narrative, and intercessory themes. As poetic, but also deeply theological, reflections on Mary, the Mother of God, these works represent important contributions to the wider Christian tradition.","PeriodicalId":150556,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Mary","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133428344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mary and the Gospel Narratives","authors":"Chris Maunder","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.39","url":null,"abstract":"This first chapter in the book lays foundations for later chapters which cite New Testament references to Mary. The passages which include Mary are summarized, along with interpretations by patristic theologians that led to Marian doctrines in East and West. The views of contemporary writers are also discussed. The gospels are analysed independently, revealing a development from a brief and rather minimal mention of Mary in Mark’s Gospel to greater emphasis in Matthew, Luke, and John. Those familiar with the Western traditions of Mary may be surprised to learn that, while a tradition of a first resurrection appearance of Christ to Mary originating in the gospels was posited in the West but then rejected, it was accepted by some important theologians in the East. It follows that there is an argument for Mary’s presence in sight of the cross being recorded not only in John, but in all four gospels.","PeriodicalId":150556,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Mary","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115410925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mary in a Mobile World","authors":"S. Coleman","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.10","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the contemporary significance and resonances of Marian symbolism around the world. Drawing on ethnographic cases from the United States, Mexico, Cuba, England, and Papua New Guinea, it argues that Mary constitutes a ‘multi-vocal’ symbol that is well adapted to an increasingly mobile and mediated world. Marian symbolism deployed during pilgrimage is explored through various modalities of mobility: (1) flexibility of interpretation; (2) crossing borders; and (3) mitigating the effects of unwanted and traumatic movement, such as exile and refugeehood. The chapter concludes that Mary mediates between different forms of movement, and in the process contributes to the immense spatial, organizational, and ritual elasticity of Roman Catholicism.","PeriodicalId":150556,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Mary","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130481924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Papacy and Maria Regina Imagery in Roman Churches between the Sixth and Twelfth Centuries","authors":"E. Rubery","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.29","url":null,"abstract":"A small subgroup of sixth–twelfth century Marian images in Rome portray Mary in be-gemmed garments characteristic of a Byzantine empress rather than a modest virgin. Such images may have developed from a fresco of Mary in imperial regalia in the St Maria Antiqua complex, situated close to the Palatine and occupied by Narses the Eunuch and his army in the sixth century. Some of these images have been confused with Coronation of the Virgin iconography. Most were commissioned by popes who initially suffered, but subsequently overcame, challenges to their status. The chapter suggests this iconography became popular amongst these popes because it drew attention to unique papal links with the Byzantine Court, where the papacy negotiated with the emperor over final decisions on Christian Doctrine. Perhaps surprisingly, given this iconography probably developed via eastern influences no images of Mary dressed in this way survive in the East.","PeriodicalId":150556,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Mary","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117114213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marian Apocalypticism","authors":"D. Wójcik","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.38","url":null,"abstract":"Hundreds of apparitions of the Virgin Mary have been reported in the past two centuries and apocalyptic warnings of imminent divine judgement are a prominent feature of these visions. Emerging in the nineteenth century, the prophecies associated with such apparitions assert that Mary is appearing as part of an unfolding end-times plan in order to avert the apocalypse and battle the forces of evil, identified variously as secularism, modernism, communism, and other perceived threats to traditional Roman Catholic faith. This Marian apocalyptic worldview, especially influenced by the Fátima visions, was elaborated upon in subsequent apparitions throughout the Cold War era, particularly those at Medjugorje, resulting in an established apparitional tradition that flourishes today. Modern Marian apparitions express a form of avertive apocalypticism, with Mary appearing as divine intercessor and compassionate Mother, attempting to save humanity from apocalyptic chastisements through the renewal of devotion and adherence to her divine directives.","PeriodicalId":150556,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Mary","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127151563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marian Devotion in the Contemporary Eastern Mediterranean","authors":"N. Stadler","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198792550.013.32","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the resurgence and growing interest in Mary and her veneration in the contemporary Eastern Mediterranean, a prominently Muslim dominated region. Mary as a figure of devotion is unique in this region for three reasons. First, Mary is an autochthonous figure in the region. Second, Christianity in the region has a unique history, especially under the influences of the Ottoman rule and European imperialism. Third, there are the contemporary impacts of nationalism, post-colonialism, and the Arabization of the Christian communities therein. Against these developments, nowadays Mary’s places of veneration, both old and new, are attracting growing numbers of pilgrims. As I will show from ethnographies conducted in the region and my own work on Mary’s tomb in Jerusalem, Mary serves as a powerful symbol/metaphor/icon that is used by minorities to create and invigorate Christian identity.","PeriodicalId":150556,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Mary","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114318585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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