Journal of Biological Engineering最新文献

{"title":"An advanced genome engineering platform for Komagataella phaffii enabling versatile in vivo DNA assembly and multiplex integration.","authors":"Yujung Choi, Ayoung Kim, Nam Kyu Kang","doi":"10.1186/s13036-026-00731-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13036-026-00731-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The transition toward a sustainable bioeconomy necessitates the development of robust microbial platforms capable of C1 chemical valorization, particularly the conversion of methanol into high-value chemicals. Komagataella phaffii is a premier methylotrophic host for such applications due to its natural methanol utilization pathways and high-density fermentation capabilities. However, its potential as a C1-based synthetic biology chassis has been hampered by inefficient homologous recombination and the technical complexity of multigene pathway integration. To accelerate the design-build-test-learn (DBTL) cycle for methanol-based biomanufacturing, a more sophisticated and high-throughput genome engineering toolkit is required.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We report the development of an HR-enhanced K. phaffii chassis (dKR) achieved by synergistically deleting Ku70 and overexpressing RAD52 at the chromosomal level. This engineering markedly improved the robustness and reproducibility of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, increasing integration efficiency from 15.3% in the wild-type to 68.1% in the dKR chassis when using short 50-bp homology arms. The platform demonstrated exceptional capacity for vector-free multi-fragment assembly, achieving an integration efficiency of 86.5% for nine linear DNA fragments. Furthermore, the implementation of a tRNA-ribozyme CRISPR system enabled simultaneous multi-locus integration at three distinct genomic sites with 44.6% efficiency. Notably, the chassis supported direct in vivo plasmid assembly of ten fragments (9 fragments + 1 backbone) with 44.8% efficiency, effectively bypassing E. coli-based cloning. Functional validation via a carotenoid biosynthetic pathway resulted in β-carotene production while maintaining normal cellular growth and metabolic productivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study established a versatile genome-engineering platform that advances K. phaffii from a protein-expression host to a broadly applicable biological engineering chassis. By enabling streamlined cellular design and reproducible multigene integration, the platform supports applications spanning synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and bioproduction. More broadly, the approach illustrates how rational manipulation of DNA repair pathways can enhance genome engineering performance in non-conventional hosts, providing transferable design principles relevant to biological engineering across multiple domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148421309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A strategy of 3D-printed Ta4C3 MXenes nanohydroxyapatite/methacryloylated silk fibroin scaffolds for postsurgical management of osteosarcoma.","authors":"Liu Yang, Kenan Sun, Shihao Deng, Shuai Liang, Shaoze Lan, Canming Ye, Ciren Lunzhu, Runguang Li, Runhuai Yang, Jun Li","doi":"10.1186/s13036-026-00730-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13036-026-00730-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The postoperative repair of bone tumors remains a significant clinical challenge requiring urgent solutions, and this holds particularly true for regenerating large bone defects, completely removing residual tumor cells, and effectively preventing and controlling postoperative infections. The efficacy of traditional single treatments is limited, as they generally target only one of these challenges. To overcome this dilemma, this study designed a multifunctional composite nanoscaffold by applying Ta4C3 MXenes nanosheets to the surface of a 3D printed nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA)/methacrylated silk fibroin (MASF) composite scaffold through in situ anchoring. 3D printing technology fabricated a porous hierarchical architecture matching the target bone defect, which provides a suitable three-dimensional microenvironment for bone cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The main inorganic component of natural bone, nHA, was included to promote bone tissue mineralization. Additionally, with good biocompatibility and degradability, MASF acts as the organic matrix and facilitates the stable loading of the Ta4C3 MXenes nanosheets. To be more specific, the introduction of Ta4C3 MXenes nanosheets endows the scaffold with excellent photothermal conversion capabilities, enabling the generation of precise and controllable local high temperatures upon near-infrared light irradiation. This property allows it to efficiently kill residual tumor cells through thermal ablation while also exhibiting excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity through its thermal effects. This implantable material integrates bone defect repair, tumor clearance, and anti-infection functions, thereby effectively solving the limitations of traditional single therapies. It also provides new ideas for the clinical treatment of tumor-related bone defects and exhibits great application prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148421397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A thermosensitive hydrogel delivery system incorporating wogonin-treated mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived exosomes alleviates osteoarthritis.","authors":"Kewei Zhu, Minzhi Mao, Wenzhao Li, Cheng Tao","doi":"10.1186/s13036-026-00709-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13036-026-00709-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease affecting major joints, causing pain and functional impairment due to cartilage degeneration and osteophyte formation. Current treatments have significant limitations. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy is advantageous for its regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, with the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) being a reliable MSC source involved in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) progression. MSC-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) are key for therapeutic efficacy through paracrine actions but face rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. Sustained release drug delivery systems based on biodegradable biomaterials could enhance MSCs-Exo retention and control their release, promoting tissue repair. Previous studies indicate that wogonin, a natural flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis, can stimulate MSCs and be associated with enhanced therapeutic efficacy of MSCs-Exo. This study develops a thermosensitive hydrogel delivery system for intra-articular injection, incorporating IFP-MSCs-Exo (Gel@MSC^IPFP-Exo) and wogonin (Gel@Wogonin-MSC^IPFP-Exo). Thermosensitive gelation aligned with pathological joint hyperthermia enabled intelligent, sustained exosome delivery. Gel@Wogonin-MSC^IPFP-Exo significantly enhanced chondrocyte proliferation and migration while inhibiting inflammatory apoptosis. In vivo, the hydrogel prolonged localized retention to 28 days, doubling the <14-day clearance of free exosomes, resulting in statistically superior cartilage repair and lower OARSI scores. Furthermore, the system profoundly modulated the synovial microenvironment by significantly downregulating iNOS/IL-1β and upregulating Arg-1. These findings highlight the potential of wogonin-stimulated MSC-derived exosomes within a thermosensitive hydrogel to improve OA treatment outcomes; while this study validates the improved therapeutic outcomes of this composite system, the mechanisms underlying cartilage degeneration and inflammation are primarily inferred from prior mechanistic studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rewiring a methanol-responsive regulatory system improves glucose-methanol co-utilization in Eubacterium limosum.","authors":"Jiyun Bae, Hyunwoo Jung, Seulgi Kang, Chanho Park, Donghwi Lee, Sangrak Jin, Byung-Kwan Cho","doi":"10.1186/s13036-026-00727-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13036-026-00727-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methanol is a promising one-carbon (C1) feedstock for sustainable bioproduction, and its mixotrophic co-utilization with other substrates can improve product formation. However, mixotrophy often leads to sequential substrate utilization that delays methanol assimilation, and the regulatory basis underlying this phenotype remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism governing methanol utilization in a methylotrophic acetogen and to determine whether rewiring this system could improve methanol co-utilization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we identify a dual-layer regulatory circuit centered on P_mtaR, the promoter driving the mta operon in Eubacterium limosum, as the key regulatory locus where methanol-responsive activation and carbon catabolite repression are integrated to govern the onset of methanol utilization. We show that robust P_mtaR activation requires the AraC-type regulator MtaR along with an upstream activation region within the promoter, whereas this activation is counteracted by a catabolite-responsive element (cre) embedded in P_mtaR, consistent with CcpA-mediated repression. This dual-layer regulatory architecture explains the delayed induction of the mta operon and the sequential utilization of glucose and methanol in E. limosum. Rewiring mta expression with a cre-free methanol-responsive promoter relieved repression enabled improved glucose-methanol co-utilization with enhanced methanol assimilation during glucose consumption. This achieved up to 3-fold increases in growth, substrate uptake, and product formation rates, accompanied by a metabolic shift towards butyrate production.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals a dual regulatory mechanism governing methanol utilization in E. limosum by integrating local methanol-responsive activation with global carbon catabolite repression. This mechanism explains sequential substrate utilization during glucose-methanol mixotrophy and provides a practical engineering strategy to improve methanol co-utilization and product formation in acetogenic bioprocesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin accelerated angiogenesis activity of alginate-gelatin encapsulated endothelial progenitor cells in a mouse model of volumetric muscle loss.","authors":"Somayyeh Rashidi, Çığır Biray Avci, Ghasem Bagherpour, Sara Aghakhani Chegeni, Golbarg Roozbahani, Hassan Amini, Yousef Mortazavi, Mahdi Mahdipour, Asghar Khalilnezhad, Elham Shahriyari, Reza Rahbarghazi","doi":"10.1186/s13036-026-00725-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13036-026-00725-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a challenging clinical condition, resulting in the lack of appropriate function. The induction of angiomyogenesis can, in part, restore the function of injured sites using tissue engineering and stem cells. It has been documented that the combination of melatonin (Mel) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contributes to enhanced regeneration potential. Here, the angiogenesis properties of Mel-treated EPCs laden in alginate-gelatin (Alg-Gel) hydrogel were monitored in VML mice. Human EPCs were exposed to different doses of Mel, and the survival rate, NO levels, morphological changes, and angiogenesis potential were monitored using MTT, Griess assay, Transwell insert, PCR array, and western blotting in in vitro conditions. Using Mel-treated EPCs laden Alg-Gel hydrogel, the microvascular density and fibrosis were investigated using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Masson's trichrome staining. Data indicated dose-dependent activity of Mel on EPC viability compared to the control group after 5 days (p < 0.05). In the presence of Mel, EPCs can produce non-toxic levels of NO, coincident with enhanced migration potential and morphological adaptation (p < 0.05). The expression of genes such as VEGFR2, VE-Cadherin, IGF1, CCN1, and FN1 related to migration and angiogenesis was upregulated in the presence of Mel (p < 0.05). The increase of Ang-1, -2, VE-Cadherin, and vWF indicated maturation of EPCs toward mature vascular-like cells with angiocrine activity (p < 0.05). Within the muscular tissue, EPCs exhibited potential to increase the microvascular density (vWF⁺ and α-SMA⁺ vessels) compared to sham and control mice (p < 0.05). These features coincided with the reduction of fibrotic changes and collagen fiber deposition in mice that received Mel-treated EPCs (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining revealed differentiation of EPCs toward vWF⁺ and α-SMA⁺-like cells, indicating promoted arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. These data highlight the superior role of Mel in the induction of EPC angiogenesis potential in VML mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure-function relationship in FGF signaling: rational design of highly stable FGF2 variants and their effect on cell growth, metabolism, and survival.","authors":"Karolina Baran, Adolf Koudelka, Katarzyna Kotowska, Aleksandra A Czyrek, Deborah Beckerova, Martyna Biadun, Vlad-Constantin Ursachi, Radoslaw Karelus, Szymon Sidor, Pooja Dudeja, Daniel Krowarsch, Vladimir Rotrekl, Pavel Krejci, Malgorzata Zakrzewska","doi":"10.1186/s13036-026-00723-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13036-026-00723-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a canonical member of the fibroblast growth factor family with essential roles in embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and stem cell biology, where it supports pluripotency and high proliferative capacity. Consequently, FGF2 is widely used in experimental models of regeneration and stem cell maintenance; however, its rapid thermal degradation at physiological temperatures limits its practical utility and therapeutic potential. Despite the availability of stabilized variants, developing FGF2 analogs that combine exceptional thermodynamic resilience with favorable pharmacokinetic properties remains a critical challenge for stem cell research and regenerative medicine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using a combination of consensus sequence analysis and structure-guided protein engineering, we generated novel FGF2 variants with unprecedented thermodynamic stability and optimized extracellular matrix interactions. To enhance bioavailability, we introduced mutations that reduced affinity for heparan sulfate proteoglycans, thereby limiting sequestration within the extracellular matrix. The most stable variant exhibited a denaturation temperature increase of more than 27 °C relative to wild-type FGF2 while fully retaining mitogenic and migratory activity after 5 days of incubation at 70 °C. This exceptional thermal stability was accompanied by markedly increased resistance to proteolytic degradation. In functional cellular models, including adipocyte differentiation and stem cell culture, an optimized long-acting variants demonstrated superior metabolic efficacy and sustained signaling, enabling a reduction in dosing frequency from daily administration to once every three days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We report the development of highly stable, highly bioactive FGF2 variants that retain full receptor specificity and binding affinity even under extreme conditions. By overcoming the intrinsic instability of the wild-type protein, these engineered FGF2s may enable future stem cell expansion and regenerative therapy applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modular plug-and-play engineering of Klebsiella phages with dual receptor-binding proteins for efficient host range design.","authors":"Dorien Dams, Agnieszka Latka, Mathilde Hulsens, Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa, Yves Briers","doi":"10.1186/s13036-026-00724-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13036-026-00724-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The high capsular diversity restricting the host range of many Klebsiella phages has driven the evolution of branched receptor-binding protein (RBP) systems as a strategy for host range expansion. These dual RBP systems offer a unique opportunity for modular engineering. However, most previous approaches lacked a standardized and systematic framework to exploit an engineering platform that enables efficient and modular reprogramming of Klebsiella podophages with dual RBP systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The workflow integrates (I) the VersaTile technique for rapid assembly of chimeric RBP gene clusters, (II) Gibson assembly for in vitro genome construction, and (III) electroporation-based rebooting. By retaining one native RBP, the system ensures that a suitable host is always available for rebooting, reducing technical failure, and allowing a clear distinction between biological incompatibility and assembly issues. Using this approach, we systematically swapped full-length RBPs and receptor-binding domains (RBDs) at both positions of the dual RBP system in podophages K11 and KP32, confirming the modularity and interchangeability of structural and enzymatic domains. Advanced designs, including cross-swapping and position swapping, were successfully implemented, while attempts to graft phylogenetically distant RBPs revealed structural constraints that inform future design strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work introduces a standardized, scalable, and plug-and-play framework for phage engineering that leverages the modularity of dual RBP systems. By ensuring rebooting through an unmodified RBP, the platform provides a robust foundation for systematic host range reprogramming and functional studies of RBP architecture, paving the way for rational design of therapeutic phages.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13579863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet-derived biomaterials in osteoporosis: mechanisms, evidence and translational prospects.","authors":"Samson Prince Hiruthyaswamy, Dinesh R Rao, Priyadharshini Velavan, Thamizharasi Veeran, Yukesh Kumar Sakthivel, Kanagavel Deepankumar","doi":"10.1186/s13036-026-00715-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13036-026-00715-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by impaired bone microarchitecture and reduced bone strength arising from dysregulated coupling between osteoclast-mediated resorption and osteoblast-driven formation. Estrogen deficiency, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and altered RANKL/OPG signaling amplify osteoclastogenesis while suppressing Wnt/β-catenin-dependent osteoblast differentiation, resulting in progressive trabecular thinning and cortical porosity. Although antiresorptive agents and anabolic therapies reduce fracture risk, they do not fully restore bone quality, microvascular integrity, or osteoimmune balance. Platelet-derived biomaterials (PDBs), including platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, platelet lysates, and platelet-based hydrogels, represent autologous bioactive systems enriched with platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and bioactive lipid mediators. Upon activation, PDBs provide an early burst and sustained release of growth factors within a fibrin matrix that supports mesenchymal stem cell recruitment, RUNX2- and Osterix-mediated osteogenic differentiation, extracellular matrix deposition, and angiogenic coupling through VEGF-driven neovascularization. Concurrently, PDBs modulate osteoclast activity by influencing the RANKL/OPG axis, promoting macrophage polarization toward an M2 reparative phenotype, and attenuating inflammatory cytokine signaling. Integration of PDBs with osteoconductive scaffolds and nanostructured delivery platforms further enhances mechanical stability, local retention, and spatiotemporal biofactor presentation in osteoporotic bone defects. Preclinical evidence demonstrates improvements in bone mineral density, trabecular architecture, and fracture repair; emerging clinical applications in spinal fusion and fracture management suggest translational promise. However, variability in platelet concentration, activation protocols, and dosing standardization remains a barrier to widespread clinical adoption. PDB-based regenerative strategies therefore offer a mechanistically targeted and clinically adaptable approach to restoring skeletal integrity in osteoporosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13579867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing 3D-printed core-shell hydrogel system for probiotic protection: stability under in vitro digestion conditions and during storage.","authors":"Que-Anh Truong-Le, Sun-Ok Lee, Ali Ubeyitogullari","doi":"10.1186/s13036-026-00722-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13036-026-00722-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to develop a novel pH-sensitive core-shell delivery system to improve probiotics' viability during simulated digestion and storage. A 10-strain premix of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium was encapsulated within a pregelatinized starch-based gel core, while alginate/pectin (Al/P) gel was employed as the shell using a 3D food printing (3DFOODP) process. The survival rates indicated that the 3DFOODP process did not compromise probiotic viability. To evaluate efficacy, a long-term storage stability study was conducted over a 33-day period under 4 °C and 23 °C, and at 50 °C for 2 h. Storage at 4 °C was most favorable, maintaining a survival rate of 64.37% after 33 days. In contrast, unencapsulated probiotics exhibited significantly reduced viability, falling below 5% by day 18 at 4 °C (3.55%) and by day 15 at 23 °C (2.75%), and reaching negligible survival by the end of the 33-day storage period. Under simulated digestion, the retention of encapsulated probiotics was 97.22% in the oral phase, 83.33% under gastric conditions, and 82.70% in the intestinal phase. Conversely, unencapsulated probiotics showed 93.62%, 10.92%, and 6.30% retention, respectively. These findings provided strong evidence supporting the protective function of the core-shell gel system, thereby facilitating the targeted functionality and colonization.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13573489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148338728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced nanobiosensors for the detection of neurovascular damage in cerebral infarction: prospects and challenges.","authors":"Lihong Yang, Jing Li, Jiawei Han, Yinan Qin","doi":"10.1186/s13036-026-00714-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13036-026-00714-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral infarction is the leading cause of neurological disability and mortality globally and is mainly caused by neurovascular damage and impaired cerebral blood flow. Conventional diagnostic methods for neurovascular injury often lack sensitivity, specificity, or are not able to monitor in real time, therefore, there is a need for accurate early detection to ensure optimal clinical results. The emergence of advanced nanobiosensors can serve as a tool to detect neurovascular damage associated with cerebral infarction. The nanosensors are nanoscale sensing platforms that are highly sensitive, fast and can detect stroke-related biomarkers at very low concentrations. Nanobiosensors combine nanomaterials like nanoparticles, nanowires, quantum dots, and biomimetic nanostructures to facilitate higher signal amplification and target-specific recognition of neurovascular biomarkers. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent developments in the detection of cerebral infarction using nanobiosensor-based technologies, especially their contribution to the identification of neurovascular injury. Although these developments have been made, some challenges are yet to be overcome, such as the issues of biocompatibility, large-scale reproducibility, and limited clinical validation of nanobiosensor platforms. Furthermore, they are not easily applicable in the clinic, lacking a protocol to follow and regulatory issues. The future perspectives of nanobiosensors in point-of-care diagnostics and personalized stroke management are discussed, highlighting the potential of nanobiosensors to revolutionize the diagnosis and monitoring of cerebral infarction in early stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148316930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}