Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Hydatidosis among Slaughtered Sheep in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"F. Toulah, Ibtehal Mohammad Albalawi","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.19.10.358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.19.10.358","url":null,"abstract":"Hydatidosis is one of the most parasitic diseases transmitted from carnivores (dogs) to human, causing deterioration in health and also transmitted to herbivores animals causing a substantial economic loss in the productivity of meat with low quality. In these days there is an increase in gain dogs at home, with its high risk of infection with many parasitic diseases such as Hydatidosis. The present study was conducted to provide a recent view on the current status of Hydatidosis among slaughter sheep in Makkah through periodic visiting to Alkaakia slaughterhouse three times on week for one year from January 2017 to January 2018. Summer revealed the highest prevalence in sheep. Obtained data about the infection were analyzed statistically was done on the sheep slaughtered there. The total infection rate was 8.12% (4284/52783) in sheep, while the most infected organs were liver. In conclusion, the high infectivity rate of slaughtered sheep with hydatid cyst revealed to the low health awareness among people, and there is no examination of dogs from parasitic diseases","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81955142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcus mutans Dental Caries among Patients Attending Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Ethiopia","authors":"Demissew Shenkute, Tsegahun Asfaw","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.1000350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.1000350","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dental caries is an irreversible microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth. Streptococcus mutans is a bacterial resident of the oral cavity and is considered to be the principal etiological agent of dental caries in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Streptococcus mutans dental caries. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among patients who attended Debre Berhan referral hospital dental clinic. Patient’s demographic and clinical information was collected by using pre-tested questionnaire. Dental plaques from all patients was picked up by forceps and suspended in to phosphate-buffered saline for further Streptococcus mutans identification. Result: From a total of 115 study participants 56 (48.7%) and 59 (51.3%) were males and females respectively. The overall prevalence of Streptococcus mutans was 79 (68.7%) among patients with dental caries. participants 25 (21.7%) had gem bleeding and 47 (40.9%) of the participants had previous tooth decay. Conclusion: In this study, again Streptococcus mutans is the common public health problem among dental caries patients. Drinking soft drinks, oral debris and gingival index were the associated risk factor for dental caries of Streptococcus mutans.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78723979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal Invasive Trichosporonosis Caused by Trichosporon inkin after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant for very Severe Idiopathic Aplastic Anemia","authors":"Daphné Krzisch, V. Camus, Marion David, G. Gargala, S. Lepretre","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.19.10.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.19.10.364","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive Trichosporon inkin fungal infections are rare and unusual, occurring nearly exclusively in immunocompromised patients experiencing prolonged neutropenia during treatment of malignant hemopathies or other immunodeficiency conditions. We report a case of a 27-year-old patient with severe aplastic anemia who developed Trichosporon inkin sepsis with skin lesions during aplasia after myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplant. He was treated with liposomal amphotericin B but died from multiple organ failure. We then discuss the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of these serious fungal infections compared to the published data.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76051177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooperative Cytotoxins: A New Look at an Old Observation of Bacterial Crosstalk","authors":"R. Linder, Camille D. McIntyre","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.19.10.362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.19.10.362","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative (or synergistic) hemolysis, the ability of two bacterial species to jointly lyse erythrocytes, has long been recognized as a helpful tool in the identification of common pathogens (i.e. the CAMP reaction between Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus). However, to examine these biological partnerships separately from their use in the diagnostic lab provides new perspectives on toxicity to host tissue during infections and in health. Many examples of such pairings exist, and typically reflect the sequential action of a phospholipase (e.g., PLC from Staphylococcus aureus or Clostridium perfringens), followed by a second bacterial toxin acting on the altered membrane, e.g. the CAMP protein of group B streptococci, or the cholesterol oxidase of Rhodococcus equi. Commonly occurring cooperative cytotoxic partnerships are reviewed, along with their biochemical mechanisms of action. Newly reported is the ability of hemolytic collaborations to accommodate a midcourse change in conditions of oxygenation. Thus, erythrocytes altered by PLC of C. perfringens grown anaerobically, are lysed following exposure to the strict aerobe R. equi, in air. Why does this matter? Microbial communities on tissue (i.e. the microbiome) are increasingly understood to impact the health of hosts. Pathogenesis, especially in anaerobic infections, often reflects the combined actions of microbial pathogens, commensal (resident) microorganisms, and metabolites from the host. Products of some cooperative reactions (i.e., ceramide and oxysterol) are directly toxic, e.g., to the immune system. Host environments include a range of oxygenation not intuitively evident, i.e., extreme anaerobiosis in the mouth, creating ideal conditions for cooperative cytotoxicity to occur in vivo. To appreciate the impact of common hydrolytic enzymes and other proteins from diverse sources deepens our understanding of the host and its complex microbial community.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79850576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish infected with trematode encysted metacercariae and its role in transmitting parasitic diseases to humans and domestic animals","authors":"F. M. E. Assal","doi":"10.4172/2155-9597-C2-048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597-C2-048","url":null,"abstract":"Shortage in animal protein resources is a problem facing developing countries. Fish may be a good solution for this problem. But, fish may cause many serious diseases by carrying trematode encysted metacercariae. Fish–born zoonotic trematodes cause great public health problems worldwide. An estimate of 1840 million infected people with intestinal flukes was reported by the WHO. Meanwhile, there are unknown million infected. Consuming raw fish and crustaceans (sushi, sashimi, koi-pla etc.,) in particular in the Far East, is becoming increasingly common in many countries. This increase in the consumption of raw sea food led to a rise in the incidence of zoonotic diseases. Fish infected with heterophyid encysted metacercariae, commonly consumed by local inhabitants, pose a serious zoonotic risk. Infection may cause, beside diseases (e.g.Heterophyasis), loss of fish in lakes and rivers. Morbidity and serious damages to aquacultures. Microscopical examination of 452 fresh and brackish water fish, representing Clarias gariepinus, Lebeo noliticus and Mugil cephalus species, collected from low socioeconomic areas, allover one year, revealed the occurrence of trematode encysted metacercariae in their flesh. The infection rate differed according to the fish species, season and fish weight. The impact of infection on humans and animals is discussed as well as the prevention protocol for parasitic diseases associated with infected fish. Biography: Dr Faiza M El Assal is professor of invertebrate zoology and parasitology at the Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University. She is interested in the conservation of the freshwater ecosystem and biological control of the snail vectors of parasitic diseases. She published more than 50 papers in international and national journals. She supervised more than 60 M Sc & Ph D theses and was reviewer for many theses. She planned and supervised projects on biological control of schistosomiasis snail vector.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73383300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Developments in the Rapid Diagnosis of MDR-TB","authors":"Suhail Ahmad","doi":"10.4172/2155-9597.1000E130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597.1000E130","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease causing considerable morbidity and mortality among the most vulnerable individuals around the globe. Most active TB disease cases in humans are caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis [1]. Active TB disease typically results from recent infection/re-infection in low-income, high TB burden countries while in high income, low TB incidence countries, it is usually caused by reactivation of a previously acquired infection (reactivation of latent infection) [1,2]. Despite declining trends in TB disease incidence and deaths in the past few years, the disease burden is still enormous. According to the recent WHO estimates, there were 10.4 million active TB disease cases (including 1 million patients coinfected with HIV in 2016 which killed 1.7 million people worldwide [3]. The largest number (45%) of disease cases occurred in South-East Asia region with five countries accounting for ~56% of all TB cases [3]. The incidence varies considerably around the globe and is usually low","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87244408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Report into the Requesting of Lyme Disease Tests in the Immunoserology Department at Nobles Hospital, Isle of Man","authors":"C. Pownall","doi":"10.4172/2155-9597.1000342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597.1000342","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lyme disease is caused by a spirochete infection of the genus Borrelia, transmitted through bites of the sheep tick Ixodes Ricinus on the Isle of Man. This can lead to a number of short-term non-specific symptoms, and longer-term debilitating effects. Objective: This study analyzed the requesting of Lyme disease serology at the Immunoserology laboratory at Noble’s Hospital in order to look for money saving opportunities. Materials and Methods: A data grab was performed on the LIMS system in use at Noble’s Hospital, Isle of Man, for Lyme disease testing requested over a five-year period, with results transferred to an Excel spreadsheet. This data was then sorted into various categories, including year-by-year and month-by-month totals, percentage of requests honored, source of requests, in-depth investigations of GP requests, and results of tests. Results: Findings indicated that Lyme disease requesting had doubled over this five-year period, with over twothirds of requests being from General Practitioners. Several surgeries were found to be requesting significantly more than the proportion of the population served indicated was appropriate. Discussion: In order to ensure that clinicians made suitable judgments, and therefore the best use of resources, this report makes three recommendations: 1. Communication sent to GP practices reminding them of the importance of testing only in the event of clinical suspicion, characteristic rash, and evidence of a tick bite. Limitations of testing and details of specialist advice from Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory (RIPL) also included. 2. RIPL contact information also added to the comment automatically applied to a negative sample. Comment added to positive samples regarding the limitations of the test, and RIPL contact details. 3. Information disseminated to the public regarding the Public Health England (PHE) Tick Surveillance Scheme in order to maintain epidemiological data.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"78 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75152355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactate Racemization and Beyond","authors":"Benoît Desguin","doi":"10.4172/2155-9597.1000335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597.1000335","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymatic racemization of lactate has been reported in several bacterial species, including Lactobacillus species. The role of lactate racemase (Lar) is still a matter of debate and is probably dependent if the species in which it is found is a lactate producer, a lactate consumer, or both. A transcriptomic experiment revealed the involvement of two operons of 9 genes in lactate racemization in L. plantarum: the larR (MN) QO and the larABCDE operons. The lactate racemase, LarA, has been shown to harbour a tethered nickel pincer complex, which we call Nickel Pincer Nucleotide or NPN in this review. This cofactor seems well adapted to catalyse lactate racemisation by a hydride transfer mechanism. The cofactor is synthesized from nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide by the NPN biosynthetic enzymes: LarB, LarC, and LarE. LarD is an aquaglyceroporin, LarR a transcriptional regulator, and Lar (MN) QO a three-component nickel transporter. Lactate racemase gene was reported to be widespread in bacterial and archaeal genomes. We suggest that many other enzymatic functions are present in the LarA superfamily of enzymes in addition to lactate racemization.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81809453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Sensitive Nested Real-time PCR for Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Phases of Toxoplasmosis in Mice Model","authors":"Parisa Mousavi, H. Mirhendi, H. K. Valian, S. Shojaee, Shirzad Fallahi, A. Farhang, M. Mohaghegh, Rasool Jafari","doi":"10.4172/2155-9597.1000341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597.1000341","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that causes a variety of clinical manifestations. Acute and chronic phases of toxoplasmosis are considered as the presence of actively proliferating tachyzoites in the nucleated cells of mammalian hosts such as humans, and spread through blood to other parts of the body, which subsequently forms tissue cysts. The present study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of nested real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the acute and chronic phases of toxoplasmosis in the laboratory mice using compared to conventional real-time PCR. To induce acute toxoplasmosis, 103 tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain were intraperitoneally inoculated to 25 BALB/c mice. In order to induce chronic toxoplasmosis, the mice were subcutaneously infected by the parasite and then treated with sulfadiazine from day one to day 14 post-injection. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood and brain tissues. Real-time and nested real-time PCR targeting 529 bp repeated element (RE) was performed. All mice with acute infection were positive for Toxoplasma gondii using nested real-time PCR and 21 were positive by real-time PCR. In the chronic phase, all blood samples were negative with real-time PCR and three were positive using nested real-time PCR. However, of the 25 brain samples, 28%, 52% and 72% were positive with the microscopic, real-time PCR and nested real-time PCR methods, respectively. The results of the present study showed that the molecular methods have high sensitivity for the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. In the chronic phase, a blood sample is not suitable for the detection of the infection, and other tissue samples may be used instead. Also, nested real-time PCR has even higher sensitivity compared to the conventional real-time PCR.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75311440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Profile of Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Preschool and School Children Living in a Rural Community in Senegal: A Cross Sectional Survey","authors":"K. Sylla, R. Tine, D. Sow, Souléye Lélo, L. Ndiaye, B. Faye, M. Ndiaye, T. Dieng, O. Gaye","doi":"10.4172/2155-9597.1000343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597.1000343","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infection (IPI) remains major public health problem in worldwide, being most prevalent in developing countries. Mass drug administration with Mebendazole is an effective strategy for the control of these diseases in pre-school and schoolchildren. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and established associated risk factors among pre-school and schoolchildren living in rural area in Senegal. Materials and method: A cross sectional survey was carried out between Novembers to December 2014. Children less than 10 years were randomly selected using a systematic random sampling method. Stool samples were examined by light microscopy for the detection of parasite using direct examination, Modified Ritchie Method and the modified Ziehl Neelsen staining method. Results: Among 392 children selected in the study, 137 were found with at least one intestinal parasite representing an overall prevalence of 34.95% [CI 95% (29.3–41.3)]. Protozoan infection was more frequent than helminthic infection (93.4% versus 2.2% respectively). Association between helminths and protozoa was 4.4%. Intestinal parasites identified were Giardia intestinales (72.48%), Entamoeba coli (13.76%), Blastocystis hominis (3.67%) and Hymenolepis nana (1.83%). Prevalence was higher among children aged over 5 years old (48.4%) (aOR= 5.39; 95% IC (2.06–13.9); p=0.001). Children living in family with more than 10 individuals and those drinking unsafe water were found most infected respectively 37.5%) (aOR= 1.24; 95% CI (0.65–2.38); p=0.51) and (42.3%) (aOR=1.45; 95% CI (0.83–2.52); p=0.18). Prevalence was higher in children with underweight 36.3% [aOR= 1.53; 95% IC (0.88–2.67); p=0.13). No correlation was found between sex and intestinal parasitic infection. Conclusion: This study showed that intestinal parasites remain prevalent in pre-school and schoolchildren with a changing of the epidemiological profile. Protozoan infection was more frequent than helminthic infection. Preventive measures including mass drug administration with Albendazole and water supply could reduce the prevalence of these diseases.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83838013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}