塞内加尔农村社区学龄前和学龄儿童肠道寄生虫感染的流行病学概况:一项横断面调查

K. Sylla, R. Tine, D. Sow, Souléye Lélo, L. Ndiaye, B. Faye, M. Ndiaye, T. Dieng, O. Gaye
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引用次数: 12

摘要

肠道寄生虫感染(IPI)仍然是世界范围内主要的公共卫生问题,在发展中国家最为普遍。在学龄前儿童和学龄儿童中,大量使用甲苯咪唑给药是控制这些疾病的有效策略。本研究的目的是评估塞内加尔农村地区学龄前儿童和学龄儿童肠道寄生虫感染的流行情况,并确定相关危险因素。材料与方法:于2014年11月至12月进行横断面调查。采用系统随机抽样方法,随机抽取10岁以下儿童。采用光镜下直接检查、改良Ritchie法和改良Ziehl - Neelsen染色法对粪便标本进行寄生虫检测。结果:在研究中选择的392名儿童中,发现137名至少有一种肠道寄生虫,总体患病率为34.95% [CI 95%(29.3-41.3)]。原虫感染发生率高于蠕虫感染发生率(93.4% vs 2.2%)。蠕虫与原生动物的关联度为4.4%。检出的肠道寄生虫分别为肠贾第虫(72.48%)、大肠内阿米巴(13.76%)、人芽囊虫(3.67%)和膜膜绦虫(1.83%)。5岁以上儿童患病率较高(48.4%)(aOR= 5.39;95% IC (2.06-13.9);p = 0.001)。10人以上家庭儿童和饮用不安全饮用水儿童感染最多,分别为37.5% (aOR= 1.24;95% ci (0.65-2.38);p=0.51)和(42.3%)(aOR=1.45;95% ci (0.83-2.52);p = 0.18)。体重不足儿童患病率较高,为36.3% [aOR= 1.53;95% IC (0.88-2.67);p = 0.13)。性别与肠道寄生虫感染无相关性。结论:肠道寄生虫在学龄前和学龄儿童中普遍存在,但流行病学资料有所变化。原虫感染较蠕虫感染多见。预防措施包括大量服用阿苯达唑和供水可减少这些疾病的流行。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Epidemiological Profile of Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Preschool and School Children Living in a Rural Community in Senegal: A Cross Sectional Survey
Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infection (IPI) remains major public health problem in worldwide, being most prevalent in developing countries. Mass drug administration with Mebendazole is an effective strategy for the control of these diseases in pre-school and schoolchildren. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and established associated risk factors among pre-school and schoolchildren living in rural area in Senegal. Materials and method: A cross sectional survey was carried out between Novembers to December 2014. Children less than 10 years were randomly selected using a systematic random sampling method. Stool samples were examined by light microscopy for the detection of parasite using direct examination, Modified Ritchie Method and the modified Ziehl Neelsen staining method. Results: Among 392 children selected in the study, 137 were found with at least one intestinal parasite representing an overall prevalence of 34.95% [CI 95% (29.3–41.3)]. Protozoan infection was more frequent than helminthic infection (93.4% versus 2.2% respectively). Association between helminths and protozoa was 4.4%. Intestinal parasites identified were Giardia intestinales (72.48%), Entamoeba coli (13.76%), Blastocystis hominis (3.67%) and Hymenolepis nana (1.83%). Prevalence was higher among children aged over 5 years old (48.4%) (aOR= 5.39; 95% IC (2.06–13.9); p=0.001). Children living in family with more than 10 individuals and those drinking unsafe water were found most infected respectively 37.5%) (aOR= 1.24; 95% CI (0.65–2.38); p=0.51) and (42.3%) (aOR=1.45; 95% CI (0.83–2.52); p=0.18). Prevalence was higher in children with underweight 36.3% [aOR= 1.53; 95% IC (0.88–2.67); p=0.13). No correlation was found between sex and intestinal parasitic infection. Conclusion: This study showed that intestinal parasites remain prevalent in pre-school and schoolchildren with a changing of the epidemiological profile. Protozoan infection was more frequent than helminthic infection. Preventive measures including mass drug administration with Albendazole and water supply could reduce the prevalence of these diseases.
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