Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Parasitological Assessment of Lettuce Quality in the Maxixe City Markets, Mozambique","authors":"Alfredo Clio, Nchowela Guido, Muchanga Izaidino, Nharrave Adrito, Mussa Yazido, M. Jorge","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S8.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S8.002","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The consumption of lettuce provides several benefits, such as high source of dietary fiber, minerals and vitamins. However, despite these benefits, it can be a vehicle for the transmission of parasitic diseases, taking into account that its consumption is done in a raw way. Thus, this study aimed to assess the parasitological quality of lettuce that is sold in the markets of Maxixe city in Inhambane Province, the southern of Mozambique. Materials and Methods: In June and July 2018, 50 samples of lettuce were purchased in three markets from Maxixe city. The samples were placed in plastic bags, correctly identified and transported to the Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology at the Faculty of Health Sciences of Pedagogical University of Mozambique, where the parasites' eggs and larvae were investigated, using the method of Hoffmann and Pons-Janer. The statistical analysis of data was performed by using SPSS program, version 24. Results and Discussion: From 50 samples of lettuce analyzed, 35 of them were positive that corresponds to 70% of the contaminated samples, with the remaining 15 (30%) being negative, with significant differences (X2, P=0.002). The highest contamination rate was found in the Tsuhula market, with 100% of the contaminated samples, followed by Dumbanengue market with 64.7% and finally the Xicadjuanine market with 43.75% of contaminated samples. The parasites found in the lettuce samples were Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica cysts, Strongyloid stereoralis larvae and Hepatic Fasciola Conclusion: Expressive contamination rates of lettuce sold in the three markets were obtained, with the need to adopt proper hygiene practices before its consumption, in addition to the need to strengthen the health surveillance system.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81909636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Nose and Mouth Coverings are Highly Recommended to Impede SARS-Cov-2 Spread","authors":"J. Morán-López, A. Calles","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.402","url":null,"abstract":"In fourteen months the number of infected people with SARS-COV-2 has reached more than 159 millions and from those more than 3 million have resulted in death. There is now a consensus that the airborne saliva droplets, that are produced while speaking, coughingor sneezing by infected people is one of the most likely routes of transmission of the corona virus disease (COVID-19). The expelled droplets can measure between 0.4 and 450 μm in diameter. Once the droplets are in the air, they are subject to the gravitational, and air frictional forces that dictate their motion. Through exhaustive aerodynamic studies it has been shown that the aerosol droplets (less than 5 μm) can remain in the environment for very long periods of time and be transported by air currents. Larger droplets take shorter times and land within a circle of 1.5 to 2 m radius. Of key importance is the droplet size distribution and many efforts have been done to characterize this. By modeling the production of the number of saliva droplets with log-log Gaussian distributions, the virial load of the expelled droplets is estimated as a function of droplet size. Assuming a constant virus density, we estimate the amount of virus delivered into the environment. The use of face masks reduce drastically the amount of droplets emitted to the air by an infected person and to be inhaled by a healthy one. We emphasize the great importance of using adequate face protection to minimize COVID-19, transmission and to reduce the death toll due to this disease.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82032454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and Characterization of Staphylokinase Enzyme from Staphylococcusaureus ASIA4","authors":"N. H. Alzahrani, Fareed Shawky El-Shenawy","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S9.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S9.002","url":null,"abstract":"Six clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different clinical samples. Isolates ASIA1 and ASIA2 isolated from urine samples of urinary tract infected patients; ASIA3 isolated from swab samples of burn abscess patients at Assiut University hospital as well as ASIA4, ASIA5 and ASIA6 obtained from blood samples of different cancer patients at South Egypt Cancer Institute. All isolates showed varied abilities to produce halo zones of hydrolysis with different diameters on blood agar, heated plasma agar, casein agar and skim milk agar plates along with different clot lyses percent. Staphylococcus aureus ASIA3, ASIA4 and ASIA6 produced 4.83, 5.98 and 2.08 U/mL of staphylokinase on tryptone soy broth reduced to 1.95, 2.08 and 1.70 U/mL on casein hydrolysate yeast extract broth,respectively. On the other hand, Staphylococcus aureus ASIA1, ASIA2 and ASIA5 gave 2.20, 2.93 and 3.65 U/mL on CYEB compared to 2.10, 1.88 and 3.41 U/mL on TSB as production medium. The staphylokinase yielded from the hyperactive producer Staphylococcus aureus ASIA4 was increased for 7.64-fold (from 2.08 U/mL to 15.88 U/mL) on the optimized fermentation medium composed of 5.0 g sucrose as carbon source, 10.0 g soy bean as nitrogen source, 5.0 g NaCl, K2HPO4 5.0 g and pH 7.0 that inoculated with isolate ASIA4 and incubated for 24 h at 35°C. Moreover, Staphylokinase activity reached its peak at the optimal enzymatic reaction conditions which were reaction time 25 min, casein as substrate, reaction pH 8.0, reaction temperature 40°C. In addition it retained 100% of its activity at temperature ranged between 15 and 45°C and pH ranged from pH 6.0 to 9.0 EDTA inhibited the enzyme activity by 3.0% to 32.2% with increasing its values from 30.0 to 90.0 mM. MgCl2 at a concentration of 30 mM increased the enzyme activity by 4% and then slightly decreased at higher concentrations but NaCl was potent staphylokinase activator at concentrations lower than 90 mM.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85681240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Intestinal Parasite/Malaria Co-Infection on Haemoglobin in Patients of Melong and Denzo Health Facilities, Littoral Region, Cameroon","authors":"E. E. J. Eyong, Makebe Sylvie, G. Tiburce, Y. Wenceslas","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S8.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S8.001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the impact of intestinal parasite/malaria co-infection on haemoglobin in patients of Melong and Denzo health facilities, Littoral region, Cameroon. Materials and methods: This study took place from November 2019-March 2020. Blood samples were collected from patients after informed consent by finger pricking. Stool samples were examined using normal saline and the Kato-Katz technique for the presence and intensity of IPs. Thick blood films were prepared, Giemsa-stained and examined under x100 to detect the presence of parasites and estimate GMPD. Hb values were determined using a haemoglobinometer. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23 and the significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of IP was 28.3% (113/400). Entamoeba histolytica was the most prevalent IP 22.0% (88/400) while Taenia spp 0.3% (1/400) and Trichuris trichiura 0.3% (1/400) recorded the lowest prevalences. E. histolytica was significantly more in Melong (27.7%, 76/274) than in Denzo (9.5%, 12/126), (P=0.001). Ascaris lumbricoides was significantly more in Denzo (10.3%, 13/126) than in Melong (0.3%, 1/274), P=0.001. Trichomonas hominis was the only parasite which was significantly different (p=0.009) between age groups. The overall prevalence of malaria was 66.5% (266/400). The prevalence of malaria was higher in Denzo (79.3%, 100/126) than in Melong (60.5, 166/274), P=0.001. Children ≤ 5 years recorded the highest (75.4%, 83/110) prevalence of malaria, and the difference between age groups was significant, p=0.016. The overall prevalence of co-infection and anaemia were 16.3% (65/400) and 58.8% (235/400), respectively. Higher prevalence (20.6%, 37/180) of intestinal parasites/ malaria was seen in anaemic patients than in non-anemic (12.7%, 28/220), p=0.035. Conclusion: Malaria was a strong predictor of anemia and the malaria intensity was highly correlated with anemia in patients from Melong and Denzo localities. Interventions targeting groups at risk will help reduce morbidity and mortality caused by these diseases in Melong and Denzo localities.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86924693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization, Associated Risk Factors and Possible Treatment of Healthcare Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) and Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA)","authors":"Rabeya Nahar Ferdous, Rashed Zaman, Shahedur Rahman, Oliullah Rafi, S. Dey, A. Khaleque, A. Parvez","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S11.002","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has long been a common pathogen in healthcare facilities, but now, it has emerged as a problematic pathogen in the community setting as well. Healthcare-Associated Methicillin- Resistant S. aureus (HA-MRSA) and Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) strains have appeared as a significant pathogen in healthcare and community-associated settings. The CA-MRSA used to be susceptible to mostly used antibiotics, but the criteria have been changed for past decade. Although HA-MRSA most commonly found in urine but CA-MRSA responsible for causing UTI. So Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can be used as gold standard to characterize S. aureus (nuc gene), MRSA (mecA gene), CA-MRSA (PVL gene in SCCmec types IV). On the other hand, HA-MRSA can be detected by the detection of SCCmec types I, II, or III. But detection of PVL gene may reduce cost and time to screen CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA. After identifying targeting gene, sequencing can be carried out to know amino acid changes or any mutation that may occur in PVL gene and may change the characteristics of CA-MRSA. Whole genome sequencing can play a vital role for shaping the future and identifying transmission of MRSA in outbreak or endemic settings. Another way to control infection associated with HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA is to control risk factors and important to identify the antibiotics before prescribing to the infected person. Though vancomycin has susceptibility to most of MRSA but resistant pattern has also been found. Development of vaccines against MRSA may have dramatic impacts upon morbidity and mortality caused by a number of infection associated with HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA. However, further work is required to assess their long-term roles in controlling infection associated with MRSA","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74283929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Antibacterial Potential of the Phytochemicals in Leaf Extracts of Newboudia laevis on Uropathogens","authors":"F. Alao, Z. S. Ololade, Yusuf A. Fagge","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S10.003","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the secondary metabolites and antibacterial potential of the leaf extracts Newbouldia laevis on some uropathogen strains and also to carry out phytochemical screening of the sample. The antibacterial activity of N. laevis leaves extracted with methanol, hot and cold water were evaluated against medically important bacteria strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Enterococcus faecalis. The results showed a remarkable inhibition of the bacteria growth against the tested organisms with Staphylococcus saprophyticus had highest activity (20 mm). In general, all the tested organisms showed a significant activity with the extracts. The conventional antibiotics used against these organisms showed that all the isolates were resistant to augmentin, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, and cloxacillin. The phytochemical analysis of the plants was carried out. The microbial activity of the Newbouldia laevis was due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. The GC-MS analysis showed that the most abundant phytochemical in the extract is linoleoyl chloride (76.3%). Hence, these plants can be used to discover bioactive natural products that may serve as leads in the development of new pharmaceuticals research activities.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77162661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of House Hold Water Treatment and Associated Factors in Rural Kebeles of Degadamot Woreda, North-West Ethiopia, 2020","authors":"D. Tsegaye, Yizengaw Aniley, Belete Negese, Zemen Mengesha","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.403","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Household water treatment and safe storage interventions are proven to improve water quality and reduce diarrheal disease incidence in developing countries. Almost 90% of the rural population of Ethiopia did not practice any alternative water treatment methods which would pose them to high public health risks. The aim of this study was therefore to identify factors of house hold water treatment practice and knowledge in rural kebeles of Degadamot woreda, North West Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: A Community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Degadamot woreda, North West Ethiopia, 2020. A Multistage sampling technique was carried out to select 845 sample households. Data were entered into the Epi-Data version 4.1 and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors of house hold water treatment practice and knowledge. Results: In this study, 14% of participants were practicing household water treatment and 28.2% had knowledge on household water treatment practice. Educational status, income earning >600 ETB per month, number of under five children in the household, ways to fetch water and knowledge on HWT were factors significantly associated with household water treatment practice. And educational status, marital status, source of water for drinking, number of containers to store water two, three and above: and place of handling utensils were factors which had significant association with knowledge of house hold water treatment practice. Conclusion: Factors that were significantly associated with household water treatment practice were educational status, income, number of under-five children, ways to fetch drinking water and good knowledge about household water treatment.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87834444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Blood Stream Infection in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"M. Hailemariam, Tsegaye Alemayehu, asnakech agegnehu, Mulubrhan Ali, Enkosilassie Mitiku, Elshaday Azerefegne","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S8.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S8.003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children’s blood stream infections mainly due to resistant pathogens found to be a higher risk of hospital mortality in low and middle income countries. This study intended to assess the bacterial profile and drug resistance of isolates of blood stream infection among under- 5 children in Southern Ethiopia. Methods: Retrospectively lab recorded data’s were retrieved to assess the bacterial isolates and rates antibiotic resistance at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Results: Of 323 bloods culture performed 116 (35.9%) were positive for potential bacterial BSI. Positivity of blood culture decrease with age, hence neonates blood stream infection stream infection were higher than other age groups (OR, 3; 95% CI 1.5–5.1; p=0.001). The major gram positive isolate CoNS and S. aureus have shown highest level of resistance to penicillin 61.3% and tetracycline 78.8% whereas less level of resistance was reported to Meropenem 6.4%, Ceftriaxone 13% and doxycycline 13%. Although most of gram negatives isolates were resistant for tested antibiotics, K. pneumoniae has shown leaser resistance to cefotaxime and chloramphenicol. Conclusion: A high level of blood stream infection accompanied by high drug resistant isolates was reported. The great burden in neonate than other children was reported. As a result to reduce the burden the hospital administrators need to facilities effective infection prevention and control programmes, effective hygiene practices and well-functioning environment along with educating patient about proper hygiene practices.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"242 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80518028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxysterols: A New Hope for an Effective and Safe Therapy for COVID-19, Another Light at the End of the Tunnel","authors":"F. Parhami, Feng Wang, F. Stappenbeck","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.404","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic and its lasting consequences have dealt a huge, irreversible blow to the vitality of the global economy and the livelihood of all populations affected by it. Millions of lives lost, businesses destroyed, hopes and dreams shattered and the pandemic still persists despite the remarkable impact of newly developed vaccines. Unfortunately, there are still many uncertainties that threaten our future: • Harmful new variants of SARS-CoV-2, the COVID-19 virus, emerging from a constantly mutating virus that may render the existing vaccines less effective or even ineffective. • The colossal task of vaccinating the entire world population, combined with a likely need for repeat vaccination. • The side effects of the available vaccines, especially in certain segments of the population, including young men and pregnant or to be pregnant women. Unfortunately, not much is currently known about potential long term side effects of the newly developed vaccines.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88679124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SARS-Cov-2 Novel Coronavirus: A Reflection about Enhancement of High-Resolution Microscopic Images","authors":"R. Rodríguez, Mondeja Ba, Lau Ld, A. Vizcaino, Acosta Ef, Y. González","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S10.004","url":null,"abstract":"After a year of hard battling with the novel coronavirus SARS Cov-2, the COVID-19 pandemic continues had a catastrophic effect on society and health worldwide. This pandemic has changed labor and economic relations in almost every country in the world, and the investment that has been made in the development of new treatment protocols and the creation of vaccines has been enormous. Important laboratories, hospitals and research centers around the world have been fighting against SARS-Cov-2, and within these researches computer vision has played a prominent role. The main aim of this work is to carry out a reflection on the enhancement of the microscopic images of the novel coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 from the results obtained and published. We will analyze the effectiveness of the algorithms proposed to highlight the S-spikes, and we will detail why deep learning, despite the popularity achieved, in this case was not beneficial.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83107101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}