Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Chalcones and Its Derivatives for Antibacterial and Anti Inflammatory Activity","authors":"Geeta N. Lodhi, A. Nayak","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230256","url":null,"abstract":"Chemistry or Medicinal chemistry is a discipline at the Interchange ofchemistry and pharmacology engaged with designing, methodize andcreating drug chalcones is a conventional term given tointensifies bearing the (E)- 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one, which can befunctionlized in the propane chain by the presence of olefinic, keto as well ashydroxyl group.Chalcones are a significant class of regular items and are considered as the forerunners of flavonoids and isoflavonoids. Synthetically, is (E)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one in which two aromatic ring rings are joined by a three carbon bond having a carbonyl moiety and and α, β unsaturation. The compounds with the backbone of chalcones have been accounted for to have different pharmacological activities for example, antimicrobial, anti- inflammatory, analgesic, anti-platelet, anti-ulcerative, antimalarial, anticancer, antiviral, anti-leishmanial, antioxidant, antitubercular, anti-hyperglycemic, immunomodulatory, inhibition of chemical mediators release, inhibition of leukotriene B4, inhibition of tyrosinase and inhibition of aldose reductase activities.  This  paper  mainly  focuses  on  chalcones  synthesized  by Claisen Schmidt condensation which involves the condensation between an aromatic aldehyde or ketone with an aliphatic ketone or aldehyde catalysed by the presence of dilute alkali or acid to form alpha beta unsaturated compound. through reviewing different biological significance of chalcones andtheir derivatives have been reported along with their antibacterial movement against, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive) and Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris (gram-negative). The antiinflammatory action of the sixteen chalcones has been assessed byutilizing carrageenan-actuated rodent paw oedema strategy.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84408589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Bioactive Compounds during Storage of Poyo Bananas after Treatment with Calcium Chloride","authors":"Tafre-Phounzong Eugene, Aghofack-Nguemezi Jean, Braogue-Doumdi Roger, Ovaric Jarvin Kouete, Robin Donjio Tsague, Claurence Nkumbe Ndille","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230255","url":null,"abstract":"Visually, the obvious characteristic of banana ripening is the progressive change of the epicarp from green to yellow according to several stages whose importance contributes to extend the total duration of the process. The present study was carried out with the aim of prolonging the ripening time of bananas while following the behavior of the physiological parameters related to this process. To achieve this objective, after treatment of bananas with calcium chloride, several parameters were evaluated. These were ripening rate, firmness, water content, soluble solids content and pigment content in the peel. Secondly, the evolution of antioxidant parameters such as: lycopenes and β-carotenes in the pulp; total phenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid contents in the peel and pulp have been assessed. As a result of these analyses, it appeared that the best shelf life was obtained with bananas treated with tween 80 at 2 and 4% Cl2Ca. The lowest bananas shelf lives were recorded in 6 and 8% Cl2Ca and in the control. Similarly, the low loss of firmness, low accumulation of total soluble solids, low increase in water content in the pulp were found in the 2 and 4% Cl2Ca tween 80 treatments. The change in chlorophyll went in a decreasing direction during storage, but almost similarly in all treatments. The increase in lycopene content was effective during this time in a less rapid manner in the 2 and 4% calcium chloride treatments. Variations in β-carotenes, total phenols, and ascorbic acid were also increased throughout the storage period. However, at the end, it was difficult to correlate their evolution to any concentration of calcium chloride used for banana processing. It is also this lack of influence of calcium chloride as a treatment on the significant decrease of flavonoids in the pulp and not significant in the peel that was observed. Furthermore, the contents of the compounds measured in the peel and the pulp were lower in the pulp. It is thus with the bananas treated with tween 80 to 2 and 4% of calcium chloride that the majority of the parameters were influenced in favour of the preservation of bananas.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91283862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purification and Characterization of Thermostable Alkaline Xylanase by Aspergillus terreus from Elephant Dung","authors":"Richa Nenava, Sadhana Nighojkar, Mukesh Patidar, Anil Kumar, Anand Nighojkar","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230254","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Purification and characterization of xylanase by Aspergillus terreus isolated from elephant dung. \u0000Study Design: Xylanase enzyme produced by A. terreus was extracted from the fermented solid medium using solid state fermentation and purified using chromatographic techniques. The purified enzyme was characterized for physio-chemical and kinetic properties. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Experiments were performed at the School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, INDIA and Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sciences, Indore, INDIA, between June, 2019 and September, 2021. \u0000Methodology: The enzyme was extracted and purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography using DEAE cellulose and gel filtration chromatography (GFC) using Sephadex G-200. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was determined using native poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The purified enzyme was characterized to determine pH and temperature optima. Thermostability, pH stability and substrate kinetics were studied for purified xylanase. Effect of several metal ions and detergents were also studied. \u0000Results: The alkali-thermo xylanase of Aspergillus terreus was purified to 14.6-fold with a 39.48% recovery through IEC on DEAE-cellulose and GFC using Sephadex G-200. The purified enzyme had a specific activity, 111.6 U/mg. The SDS-PAGE revealed that the enzyme was monomeric with a molecular weight of 87 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature were 8 and 60⁰C, respectively. The Km and Vmax values of the partially purified xylanase were found to be 0.016 mg/l and 102.64 U/mg protein, respectively with birch wood xylan as substrate. \u0000Conclusion: The enzyme was active over a wide pH range of 6-11 and temperature range of 40⁰C to 80ºC, indicating its alkali tolerant and thermostable characteristics which is the requirement of different industries. Several ions namely Zn2+ enhanced xylanase activity by 187% followed by Ca2+ (129%), Mg2+ (123%), NH4+ (146%) and Fe3+ (118%) at 10 mM concentration. However, Cu2+ and Hg2+ completely inhibited xylanase activity. This research provides the basis for application of xylanase and improves its biotechnological potential in mainly in paper pulp industry, biofuel generation and in bread baking.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74468198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Profile and Detection of Bio-catalytic Enzymes from Bacterial Derivatives in Selected Agrowastes","authors":"Gladys Oluwafisayo Adenikinju, D. Arotupin, Kehinde Olusayo Awojobi","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1130253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1130253","url":null,"abstract":"The bio-catalytic enzyme potential of microbial consortium in selected agrowastes was evaluated in this study. Bio-wastes possess renewable resources of biomass and represents potentially-valuable sources due to their low cost, environmental friendly and sustainable nature. The isolation, enumeration and biochemistry of bacteria and fungi from agrowastes were conducted via standard microbiological techniques. Screening of agrowaste substrates for enzyme synthesis was conducted via plate assay method. Potato peels had the highest bacterial count of 3.85×104 CFU/ml as maize husk had the highest fungal load of 6.55×104 SFU/ml while wheat shaft had the lowest fungal load of 1.5×104 SFU/ml. Acinetobacter baumanii, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium were among bacterial consortium significantly enumerated. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutins, Candida albicans and Geotrichum candidum were yeasts characterized from the fermented agrowastes while Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, A. flavus constitute some of the mould consortium enumerated. Amylase and cellulase content of the agrowaste substrates increased after fermentation while protease and pectinase content of all the agrowastes remained unchanged after the fermentation process. Acinetobacter baumanii, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. subtilis and G. candidum were positive for amylase, protease, cellulase and pectinase production. Penicillium chrysogenum and Microsporum canis were negative for the enzyme production. The findings of this study demonstrated the enzymatic-production potential of Bacillus species associated with agrowastes because they exhibited higher enzyme production.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85510542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Amendments in TPH Removal during Bioremediation of Agricultural Crude Oil-polluted Soil","authors":"B. Baranu, C. Ogugbue, Gideon C. Okpokwasilli","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1130250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1130250","url":null,"abstract":"This study identified the efficacy of different amendments as biostimulants in bioremediation. This experiment was carried out for 4 weeks in the laboratory. One kilogram of pristine soil was spiked with one liter of crude oil in earthen pots, to each pot 10 grams of amendments were added and mixed thoroughly. The amendments used were poultry dropping (C-PD), cow dung (D-CD), N.P.K (E), and a control (A and B) setup undergoing natural attenuation. The microcosms’ initial physicochemical characteristics such as total organic nitrogen, pH, temperature, total organic carbon, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), and polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The microbial enumeration was done for total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB). The molecular characterization of the pristine soil (A) and contaminated soil (B) was also done using the shotgun analysis. The THB of A and B was 1.3 x 107 and 2.1 x 102 while the HUB was 1.63 x 105 and 1.1 x 101on day 1 respectively. The THB of treatments during bioremediation at week 2 was 1.75 x 108, 1.89 x 108, 1.5 x 108 and 2.2 x 108 while at week 4, the THB was 1.90 x 108, 2.1 x 108, 2.20 x 108 and 2.25 x 108 while the HUB at week 2 was 1.20 x 105, 3.0 x 105, 2.5 x 105 and 1.98 x 105 while at week 4, the HUB was 2.0 x 106, 2.19 x 106, 2.46 x 106 and 2.1 x 106 for B, PD, CD ,and N.P.K respectively. The molecular characterization of A and B showed there was a higher microbial diversity in the contaminated soil than in the pristine soil. This study has shown that cow dung is more effective in the bioremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbon, and polyaromatic hydrocarbon in crude oil-contaminated soil.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72631956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Cucurbita pepo Growth, Productivity, and Fruit Quality using Bacilli Strains and Cyanobacteria Treatments","authors":"Ashmawi Elsayed Ashmawi, Amira M. El-Emshaty, G. M. Salem, M. F. Ghazal","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1130248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1130248","url":null,"abstract":"Two successful field experiments were carried out during 2020and 2021 growing seasons to evaluate the effect of bio fertilizers; Bacillus amyloliquifaciens (BA), Bacillus megaterium (BM) and cyanobacteria inoculation on the vegetative growth, growth parameters and plant chemical content of Cucurbita pepo (Squash) crop. The study of mixed inoculation with both Bacillus strains, and cyanobacteria was found to improve vegetative growth, plant chemical contents and positive microbial activity in the soil Rhizosphere in comparison to un-inoculated plants. Soil available nutrients (N and K) increased significantly with BA and BM combined with cyanobacteria while available phosphorus gave most increase with BM.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75983831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) Exposed to Spinetoram Toxic Bait in the Laboratory","authors":"A. Raga, Ester Marques De Sousa, L. R. F. Louzeiro","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1130249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1130249","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) cause significant losses during the production and marketing of horticultural products. Brazilian growers usually adopt full-coverage insecticide spraying to control fruit flies, but toxic bait is a more strategic technique, because reach efficacy and the target surface is the foliage and branches. We provide information regarding the toxicity of spinetoram bait to two fruit fly species in the laboratory as an alternative to organophosphates and the specific spinosad formulation. We tested toxic baits in the laboratory, using commercial hydrolysed corn protein (10% v/v) plus 90 g, 120 g, 150 g and 180 g dilutions of spinetoram 250 WG (commercial product/1,000 litres of water). All toxic baits were compared with an untreated control (only protein) for the adults of females and males of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) up to 30 hours of exposure. Dry food for adults was included in all dilutions (5% w/v). In addition, we tested the residual effect of toxic baits applied to the leaves of mandarin seedlings. We used the same treatments of the earlier bioassay without dry food, collecting treated leaves and exposing them to C. capitata (medfly) females for 24 hours in the laboratory. Leaves were collected 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after application. Overall, medfly adults were more susceptible to spinetoram baits than A. obliqua. All toxic baits resulted in 100% C. capitata mortality 24 hours after initial exposure, and the toxic bait at 150 g/1,000 L of water resulted in the maximum mortality (96%) in A. obliqua. Except for 90 g of spinetoram bait at 30 days after application, all spinetoram bait concentrations resulted in significantly, more dead C. capitata females than the control over all tested periods in the residual bioassay. At 30 days after application, spinetoram baits at 120 g, 150 g and 180 g resulted in 85%, 87% and 86% mortality in C. capitata, respectively. Spinetoram toxic baits have proven promising for long-term fruit fly management.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90048480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological Activity of the Methanolic Leaf Extract of Some Medicinal Plants Used in Sokoto Township and Environs","authors":"Z. Shagari, Maimuna Umar Bello, U. K. Mohammed, A. I. Dabai, A. Mahmuda, A. Baki, A. Imam, M. Ganau","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1030247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1030247","url":null,"abstract":"Inspite of the availability of different antiseptic and antibiotics in most localities in some parts of the world, there is still a number of information on the usage of some local plants in various kinds of treatments of different ill-health conditions. Leaves of Ocimum basilicum, Leptadania hastata and Momordica balsamina are locally used by traditional birth attendants at pre and post-partum periods. The present study investigates the phytochemical compositions and toxicity of the leaf extracts of the plants against isolates of Listeria monocytogenes. Standard microbiological techniques and polymerase chain reaction was used to isolate and identify the bacteria.  Phytochemical analysis was done and cytotoxicity of the extracts at different concentrations (MBC, OBC and LHC) were determined using human erythrocytes. Results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, terpinoids and glycosides in the studied extracts. Toxicity to erythrocytes, expressed as percentage hemolysis of only 17.27% (MBC1) was seen in one of the plants; M. balsamina. Similarly, the other extracts exhibited minimal toxicity to human erythrocytes (LHC1= 15.45%; OBC1= 7.6%). It was concluded that all the plant leaf extracts are safe for human consumption. Studies on the preparation, effective doses and side effects of these extracts in vivo are hereby recommended.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90523180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Anthracene Utilizing Proteus vulgaris from Oil Spill Contaminated Soil at NNPC Depot Kano State Nigeria","authors":"U. Shehu, F. A. Ahmad, F. Yusuf, F. Muhammad, H. Yakasai","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1030246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1030246","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) like Anthracene, represent an efficient, time, and cost-effective way for bioremediation of the polluted environment. This study was aimed at isolating, identifying and characterizing bacteria with potential to degrade and utilize anthracene as a sole carbon source. A bacteria was isolated from oil spilled contaminated site located in Kano, using an enrichment method on mineral salt media (MSM) following serial dilution (10-1-10-6). Characterization was done by studying the effects of temperature and pH on mineral salt media (MSM) containing anthracene. The isolate was then identified morphologically, biochemically and molecularly based on 16S rRNA partial gene sequence analysis. The morphological and microscopic examination of the isolate from this research shows that the isolate was creamy in color, motile, gram negative, short rod and non-spore forming respectively. The biochemical test of the isolate was found to be positive for these parameters (methyl red, catalase, motility, indole and urease) and negative for (citrate and oxidase). The 16S rRNA sequence and Phylogenetic analysis using neighbor joining tree and 1000 boos trap revealed that, the isolate was closely related (on the same clade) to Proteus vulgaris with accession number MW766369. Characterization was done by studying the effects of temperature and pH. The isolated bacterium was optimal at a temperature of 35ºC and pH 7.5. This isolate is a promising strain that could be used in bioremediation of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons polluted environment.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88338603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Adaptation of Endemic Anthocleista Species under Moisture Gradient in Parts of Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Edwin-Wosu Nsirim Lucky, Omara-Achong Theresa Ebia, Idogun Ejiro Praise","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1030245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1030245","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Knowledge of the anatomy of Anthocleista species is crucial for understanding how these plants adapt to the environment. \u0000Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the adaptive relationship of moisture gradient influence on the anatomy of four species in the genus Anthocleista (A djalonesis A Chev; A.  liebrechtsiana De Wild & Th.Dur; A. nobilis G.Don; and A. vogelii Planch) in light of ecological niche adaptation. Place of Study: parts of Akwa-Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River and Rivers States in the Niger Delta. Methods: Conventional classical anatomical techniques for structural sectioning were used. \u0000Results: Though there are similarities and differences in vascular structure among the species, the study has revealed variance in anatomical responses to moisture gradient (ranging from dry mesophytic to mesophytic and wetland conditions) of adaptation. The most important and distinct features observed are the presence of sclerenchymatous idioblast, air sacs and sclereidal idioblast. Sclerenchymatous idioblasts are numerous in A liebrechtsiana, few in A.  nobilis and A. vogelii but lacking in A. djalonesis. The sclerenchymatous idioblast in A. liebrechtsiana, A. nobilis, and A. vogelii confirmed these species to be mesophytic to semi-aquatic in their habitat adaptation; while A. djalonesis is dry-mesophytic in adaptation with thicker epidermal layer, multiple hypodermal layers, thicker mesophyll tissues with increased number of palisade layers and thick leaves. The stem and root modification had abundance sclereidal idioblast distribution in A. liebrechtsiana, and A. nobilis, moderate in A. vogelii and very low in A. djalonesis. \u0000Conclusion: The variation observed in the leaf, petiole, stem and root anatomical characters are due to moisture gradient influence with the resultant effect of plant species evolving structures such as idioblast and modification to adapt to the niche and environment where they find themselves.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77660378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}