Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Extraction Technique on the Volatile Oil Contents and Composition of four Ocimum Species; Microwave Assisted Extraction versus Distillation Study","authors":"Dina M El-Kersh, Manar A Eissa, Dalia M. Rasheed","doi":"10.21608/APRH.2019.40279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/APRH.2019.40279","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study is to unravel the variabilities posed by alteration of the extraction technique employed on the contents and composition of essential oils  derived from the same plant species Methods: Volatile oils of four different Ocimum species (Ocimum basilicum L., O. africanum Lour., O. americanum L. and O. minimum L. family Lamiaceae) were individually extracted from their fresh aerial parts using green microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method and conventional hydrodistillation (HD) and steam distillation (SD) methods. Extracted volatile oil samples were further analysed by GC-MS. Results: Qualitatively, distillation of the Ocimum samples resulted in higher yields of volatile oil than MAE (0.16-0.42%, 0.16-0.44% and 0.1-0.25% ml/g fresh weight for HD, SD and MAE, respectively). However, MAE technique was accomplished in a fraction of time (8 minutes) compared to distillation procedures (2 - 4 hours). GC-MS analysis of the Ocimum oils extracted  using MAE method revealed higher enrichment of marker ingredients, viz. β-linalool and eucalyptol, over the distillation methods. Relative percentage of β-linalool in oil of O. basilicum and O. africanum was 76.9 & 72.2% versus 31.2 & 42.9% and 24.7 & 57.2%, whereas that of eucalyptol was 11.1 & 9.4% versus 6.2 & 4.5% and 4.8 & 4.2%,  by MAE, SD and HD, respectively. Estragole, a natural volatile having safety concerns, was detected with appreciable amounts in the oil samples obtained by distillation. MAE extraction resulted in less than third the estragole content in oil of O.basilicum when compared to (HD) and (SD) methods (10.2%, 36.7% and 33.2%, respectively).Conclusions: MAE provides a rapid, power saving and green technique for extraction and preserving the valuable constituents of Ocimum essential oils. (MAE) produced an exceptionally β-linalool and eucalyptol enriched oil of sweet basil, much suitable for commercial and medicinal uses. Estragole contents were much reduced in (MAE) prepared oil samples comparable to distillation methods, a fact that prioritize selecting this technique for preparing Ocimum oils intended for systemic and/or pediatric applications.","PeriodicalId":15017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74389093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral Ischemia and Estrogen Role: A Review about Classification, Experimental Models, Mechanism of Neural Cell Death after Ischemia and Estrogen Role in Ischemia","authors":"S. Mohamed, A. Ahmed, Engy Elmorsy, S. Nofal","doi":"10.21608/APRH.2019.7791.1077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/APRH.2019.7791.1077","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral ischemia is a neurovascular disease in which blood flow to the brain decreases which leads to glucose and oxygen deprivation in the brain and this finally results in neuronal cell death. On the other hand, it was found that reperfusion augments this damage by increasing availability of oxygen. Cerebral ischemia can be classified into two major categories as focal and global cerebral ischemia. The mechanisms of neural cell damage following cerebral ischemia reperfusion is complex cascade, which ultimately leads to cell apoptosis or necrosis following disturbance in ion distribution, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and, mitochondrial dysfunction. The incidence of stroke is higher in postmenopausal women than premenopausal ones and it was found that they suffer from more severe side effects than men in matched age. It was found that estrogen has neuroprotective actions against cerebral ischemia in both male and ovariectomized rats via various mechanisms as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, nootropic, and glucose transporters enhancing beside activation of survival signal transduction pathway either genomic or non-genomic.","PeriodicalId":15017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88296822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Chemical Investigation of Lipoidal Matter of Arenga engleri Leaves","authors":"W. Ahmed, A. Kamal, Reham Ibrahim","doi":"10.21608/APRH.2019.9630.1078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/APRH.2019.9630.1078","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: In this study, a preliminary phytochemical screening and lipoidal matter of Arenga engleri Becc. leaves (family Arecaceae) were studied for the first time. Methods: Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) was used for the identification of compounds of saponifiable and unsaponifiable content. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrate and/or glycosides, unsaturated sterols and/or triterpenes and absence of anthraquinones, coumarins, volatiles and alkaloids or compound containing nitrogenous bases. GC/MS analysis revealed the higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (51.39 %) than that of saturated ones (31.47 %). The major unsaturated fatty acids present were linoleic acid (31.55 %) and 7,10-hexadecadienoic acid (11.42%) while the major saturated one was palmitic acid (17.27 %). The unsaponifiable matter was represented as hydrocarbons (41.19 %), fatty alcohols (28.31 %), terpenes (9.68 %) and sterol (0.14 %). 1-Octadecene (17.65 %) and 1-hexadecene (12.41 %) represented the major hydrocarbons while behenic alcohol (14.71 %) was the major fatty alcohol, phytol (4.89 %) was the major terpene and ethylisoallocholate (0.14 %) was the only sterol identified.","PeriodicalId":15017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research","volume":"153 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80628321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo Absorption Study of Solid Dispersion Containing Atorvastatin Calcium in Human Volunteers","authors":"Kholoud Ali, Khaled Abozeid, M. Nasr","doi":"10.21608/APRH.2019.7629.1075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/APRH.2019.7629.1075","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Solid dispersion is a unique and promising approach for improving the oral absorption and oral bioavailability of the poorly water soluble drugs. Atorvastatin Calcium (ATV) is an anti-hyper lipidemic agent, It belongs to class II drugs according to the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS), and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism after oral absorption exhibiting 12% bioavailability. The Objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of formulating the hydrophobic drug (ATV) in a solid dispersion form on its bioavailability. Methods: ATV solid dispersion (ATV-SD) was prepared by microwave induced fusion method, containing poloxamer188 as a hydrophillic carrier. The resultant ATV-SD was compressed into tablets with other ingredients and was evaluated against pure ATV tablets, in vitro dissolution study was carried out to compare the dissolution profiles of the prepared ATV-SD against the pure form of ATV.  In vivo study was conducted using healthy male volunteers (n = 6). A high performance liquid chromatography method was employed to determine the level of drug in human plasma. Results: In vitro dissolution study revealed an enhancement in the dissolution profile of ATV-SD. The study of pharmacokinetics parameters also showed an enhancement after oral administration of ATV-SD tablet when compared with pure ATV tablets, where , the AUC0–60h and Cmax were increased after intake of ATV-SD tablets orally compared with that of pure ATV tablets. Conclusion: All these could be demonstrated that ATV-SD would be prospective means for enhancing higher oral bioavailability of ATV.","PeriodicalId":15017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85226465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin: Analysis and Stability","authors":"W. Zaghary, E. Hanna, M. Zanoun, Nermeen Abdallah, T. Sakr","doi":"10.21608/APRH.2019.6191.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/APRH.2019.6191.1069","url":null,"abstract":"Curcumin is a polyphenol extracted from Curcuma longa, used as a spice, in food coloring, and as a traditional herbal medicine. It has wide therapeutic platform as anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-infection properties. This review discusses the analytical methods used in determination of curcumin in various matrices with degradation profile, expected degradation products and stability tests.","PeriodicalId":15017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77761309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiochemical Parameters of Extracted Castor Oil in Saudi Arabia","authors":"S. Talab","doi":"10.21608/APRH.2019.6659.1074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/APRH.2019.6659.1074","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed at the extraction and characterization of castor seed oil purchased from local market in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Castor oil was extracted from beans via extraction with n-hexane by using Soxhlet apparatus. The oil was subjected to different test for characterizations. Results: A positive test with the disappearance of the purple color of KMnO4 indicated the presence of double bond. Also the reaction of theoil with concentrated H2SO4 giving reddish brown color, has confirmed the presence of double bond. The physiochemical parameterswere carried out by simple reaction and the result has showed that the color of the oil is pale yellow color, the density is 1.01 g/mL, peroxide value is 12.8  Meq/K, acid number is 0.6288 mg KOH/g and saponification value is 171.105 mg/g. Conclusion: The studied castor seeds contain a high percentage of oil, which is rich in unsaturated oil.","PeriodicalId":15017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84658195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Cubosomes as Skin Retentive System for Topical Delivery of Clotrimazole","authors":"S. Omar, Aliaa Ismail, Kariman Hassanin, S. Hamdy","doi":"10.21608/APRH.2019.9839.1079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/APRH.2019.9839.1079","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Clotrimazole is a broad-spectrum antimycotic that widely used to treat fungal infections topically. However, poor water solubility of clotrimazole and low skin retention of its topical products present a hindrance for local availability and effectiveness of this drug. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate cubosomes as skin retentive system for topical delivery of clotrimazole. Methods: Six clotrimazole cubosomal dispersions (F1-F6) were prepared by emulsification of glyceryl monoloeate (GMO) and poloxamer 407 at different compositions in water with and without polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).The dispersions were examined under polarizing microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM) for confirming cubosomes formation. The four cubosomal dispersions (F3- F6) that found to be successfully developed were evaluated in terms of pH, particle size, zeta potential, rheological behavior, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release. The formulae F3 (without PVA) and F6 (with PVA) comprising  the highest concentration of poloxamer in the disperse phase (15%w/w) provided the highest clotrimazole cumulative percentage release and subjected to comparative ex vivo skin retention and permeation studies with marketed clotrimazole cream. Results: Both F3and F6 showed significantly lower clotrimazole permeation compared to the cream. Moreover, F6achieved the highest skin retention for clotrimazole. The F6 was compared with the cream for its irritation potential in rats and also for antifungal activity in rats inducted with candida albicans. The investigations showed that F6 was well tolerated as the cream. Also,F6 showed superior antifungal activity compared to the available marketed cream. Conclusions: The developed F6 cubosomes is a promising dosage form for safe and effective topical delivery of clotrimazole.","PeriodicalId":15017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84418744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Terbutaline Sulphate-loaded Chitosan/Carbopol Nanoparticles","authors":"soha abd el-motelb, Mohamed Nasereldin, H. Refai","doi":"10.21608/APRH.2019.6474.1071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/APRH.2019.6474.1071","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the present study is to prepare and evaluate terbutaline sulphate loaded chitosan/carbapol nanoparticles for treatment of asthma via nasal route. Methods: Nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method with various concentrations of chitosan and carbopol. The developed Terbutaline sulphate-loaded chitosan/carbopol nanoparticles were analysed for particle size, dispersion homogeneity, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and fourier transform infrared ray spectroscopy (FT-IR). Results: The sizes of all of the formulations which showed opalescent colloidal dispersions visually were in nanorange which was between 575.31 nm and 601.12 nm and entrapment efficiency ranged from 34.71 % to 40.04 % and zeta potential from -27.04 mV to -33.62 mV. All the CS/CP nanodispersions showed an initial burst release followed by a more gradual sustained release. The FT-IR studies suggested that an interaction between CS and TS during the formation of nanoparticles. Conclusion: CS/CP nanoparticles were successfully prepared by ionic gelation method and may also be useful for a variety of other therapeutic delivery systems.","PeriodicalId":15017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85828779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of some Heterocyclic Compound Using α,β-unsaturated Ketones","authors":"Aisha Helali, H. Al-Ghulikah","doi":"10.21608/APRH.2019.6538.1073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/APRH.2019.6538.1073","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to the synthesis fused pyridine due to the importance of these heterocycles both from chemical and biological points of view. Method: Pyridine derivatives 1a,b and 2a,b have been utilized for the synthesis of various fused pyridine through different chemical reactions to yield thieno [4,5-c]pyridine 6a,b,7a,b,8a,b, pyrido [2ꞌ,3ꞌ,2,3]thieno[4,5-d] pyrimidine 9a,b, 2,2ꞌ-bis-(3-cyano-4,6-diarylpyridyl)disulfide 10a,b,pyrido[4,5-b] pyrimidine 12a,b, [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,5-a]pyridine 13a,b,tetrazolo[4,5-a] pyridine 14a,b, bis(4,6-diaryl-3-cyanopyridine-2-yl)sulfide 15a,b, pyrido[2,3-b] Pyridine 16a,b, 17a,b, 18a,band thieno[2,3-b]-1,8-  naphthyridine 19a,b,20a,bderivatives. Pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidinone derivatives 21a,b were used as starting material for synthesis thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[2,3-d] Pyrimidine 23a,b, 24b, 25b, 26a, 29a, thiazin[2,3-a]pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidinone  28a,b and isoxazolo[5ꞌ,4ꞌ,4,5]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidinone derivatives 27a.The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR,1H and13C NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectra data. Conclusion: All structures of synthesized compounds agree with spectral data and elemental analysis.","PeriodicalId":15017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85585209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Determination of Amlodipine and Hydrochlorothiazide in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Differential Pulse Voltammetry Method","authors":"B. Yılmaz, Umit Kocak","doi":"10.21608/APRH.2018.5851.1068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/APRH.2018.5851.1068","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: In this study, a new, fast and reliable differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of amlodipine (AML) and hydrochlorothiazide(HCT) in pharmaceutical preparations. Methods: Electrochemical behavior and simultaneous voltammetric determination of AML and HCT  were investigated using glassy carbon electrode. Validation parameters such as specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness, stability, limit of quantification and limit of detection were studied according to the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) Guidelines. Results: The linearity of this developed method was established in the concentration range of 2.5-30 μg/mL for AML and HCT, respectively. The precision was less than 5.34 and 2.91 %, determined from quality control samples for AML and HCT, and accuracy was within 2.57 and 3.60 % in terms of relative error, respectively. The percentage recovery obtained for AML and HCT in pharmaceutical preparations were 99.6 and 100.1 %, respectively. Limits of detection and quantification for AML and HCT were 0.80 and 2.40 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The developed DPV method can be used for routine analysis of AML and HCT in pharmaceutical preparations.","PeriodicalId":15017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80621581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}