ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202500950
Shuai Wang, Yihu Ke, Fei Jin, Youji Li, Zhiliang Jin
{"title":"The Built-in Electric Field Regulates the d-band Center of the FeCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/ZnCdS Heterojunction to Enhance Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.","authors":"Shuai Wang, Yihu Ke, Fei Jin, Youji Li, Zhiliang Jin","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202500950","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cssc.202500950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Noble metal nanoparticle co-catalysts offer high photocatalytic activity but are costly and scarce, driving the search for efficient, economical alternatives. We constructed a FeCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/ZnCdS composite catalyst using electrostatic self-assembly. Optimizing the FeCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> loading to 10 wt% achieved a remarkable hydrogen production rate of 9080 μmol g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>-3.49 times higher than pristine ZnCdS and exceeding precious metal co-catalysts like Au. Kelvin probe force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal an S-scheme heterojunction forms between FeCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and ZnCdS. The resulting internal electric field efficiently drives directional charge migration and significantly suppresses electron-hole recombination. DFT further shows the interface electric field shifts the d-band center, optimizing reactant molecule adsorption. This avoids catalyst deactivation from strong adsorption while overcoming the energy barrier from weak adsorption, creating an ideal moderate-strength activated state. This work deepens understanding of S-scheme mechanisms and provides a new strategy for economical photocatalytic hydrogen production.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e2500950"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202501043
Matthew V Hickson, Ryota Osuga, Bart Van Meerbeek, Damien P Debecker, Kiyotaka Nakajima, Ekaterina V Makshina, Bert F Sels
{"title":"Insight into the Nitrilation Reaction as Catalyzed by Titanium Dioxide.","authors":"Matthew V Hickson, Ryota Osuga, Bart Van Meerbeek, Damien P Debecker, Kiyotaka Nakajima, Ekaterina V Makshina, Bert F Sels","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202501043","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cssc.202501043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While titanium dioxide has displayed excellent capabilities as a catalyst for the nitrilation reaction, the role that catalyst polymorphism plays in this reaction has remained largely unexplored. Herein, the catalytic capabilities of the anatase and rutile polymorphs regarding the nitrilation reaction are explored. In efforts to clarify structure-activity correlations, sets of these two polymorphs are characterized to determine their polymorphic purity, surface areas, and acidic properties. Initial catalytic investigations encounter considerable challenges, as substantial deactivation is observed when employing ethyl acrylate as a substrate - an issue attributed to the polymerization of the generated acrylonitrile. Stable catalyst performance is achieved using the saturated substrate and ethyl propionate. Investigating the nitrilation reaction using this saturated substrate displays significantly higher catalytic activity on the anatase polymorphs compared to the rutile. The catalytic activity correlated well with the total acid density, and correlations occur independently for both anatase and rutile, emphasizing the impact the catalyst polymorph has on this reaction. Finally, the superior catalytic performance of anatase is rationalized through in situ fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) investigation of adsorbed ethyl propionate.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e2501043"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-06-14DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202500825
Guillermo Martínez, Gabriela Guillena, Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
{"title":"Toxicity Assessment and Bioremediation of Deep Eutectic Solvents by Haloferax mediterranei: A Step toward Sustainable Circular Chemistry.","authors":"Guillermo Martínez, Gabriela Guillena, Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202500825","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cssc.202500825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the toxicity of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) remains a major obstacle to large-scale applications. Existing toxicity studies show inconsistent results due to the choice of different test organisms and methods, synergistic effects between DES components, and their interactions with culture media. This study introduces the haloarchaeon Haloferax mediterranei as a novel model to assess both the toxicity and biodegradability of acetylcholine chloride (AcChCl) and choline chloride (ChCl) based DESs. Unlike other models that may not accurately reflect the environmental risks posed by halide-rich DES residues, H. mediterranei is an extremophile naturally adapted to high-salt and high-halide environments. DES concentrations of up to 300 mM were well tolerated. AcChCl-based DESs inhibited growth, likely via medium acidification due to some DES components hydrolysis, ChCl: acetamide has partial effects depending on acetamide concentration, and ChCl: ethylene glycol shows no toxicity. The haloarchaeon metabolizes specific DES components, reducing environmental impact. Urea and AcChCl: urea (100 mM) serve as nitrogen sources, while AcChCl-based DESs are consumed as carbon sources, likely due to the presence of acetate. H. mediterranei's metabolic versatility and high tolerance to toxic compounds position it as a promising candidate for sustainable bioremediation, advancing circular chemistry, and responsible DES waste management.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e2500825"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organic Interlayer for Enhanced Buried Interfaces in Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells.","authors":"JeeHee Hong, Yu Kyung Lee, Seoungyun Shin, Dong Ryeol Whang, Dong Wook Chang, Hui Joon Park","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202500543","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cssc.202500543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achieving high performance and stability in wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is essential for the development of tandem solar cells capable of surpassing the theoretical efficiency limit of single-junction photovoltaic (PV)devices. However, the performance of wide-bandgap PSCs remains challenging, primarily due to nonradiative recombination at the interfaces. An interlayer applied at the buried interface between the hole transport layer and the perovskite in a p-i-n architecture can play a pivotal role, as it is critical for efficient charge transport, extraction, and the formation of high-quality perovskite films. In this work, a donor-acceptor architectural quinoxaline-based organic interlayer specifically designed for the interface between NiO<sub>x</sub> and wide-bandgap perovskite is introduced. The incorporation of this interlayer effectively passivates defects at the perovskite interface, leading to improved charge carrier extraction and a substantial reduction in nonradiative recombination, while also enhancing the overall quality of the perovskite film. Moreover, the high dipole moment of QxNN increases the built-in potential of the device, further contributing to enhanced charge extraction. Notably, PSCs incorporating the organic interlayer exhibit a remarkable increase in power conversion efficiency, from 17.5% to 20.0%, while maintaining their performance over 500-h under ambient conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e2500543"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-06-12DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202501134
Metin Orbay, Khai Shin Teoh, Massimo Melchiorre, Christof Neumann, Francesco Ruffo, Andrey Turchanin, Andrea Balducci, Juan Luis Gómez Urbano
{"title":"Itaconic Anhydride as a Novel Bio-Derived Solid Electrolyte Interphase Forming Additive for Lithium-Ion Batteries.","authors":"Metin Orbay, Khai Shin Teoh, Massimo Melchiorre, Christof Neumann, Francesco Ruffo, Andrey Turchanin, Andrea Balducci, Juan Luis Gómez Urbano","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202501134","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cssc.202501134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, itaconic anhydride (ITC) is introduced as a novel bio-derived additive for lithium-ion batteries. Its ability to create a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is evaluated in graphite electrodes and compared to vinylene carbonate (VC). The findings show that electrolytes consisting of 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in propylene carbonate and containing ITC and VC additives display similar physicochemical properties. The ability of ITC to form an effective SEI is demonstrated by reversible lithium intercalation during galvanostatic cycling and further corroborated by in situ Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, graphite and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) half-cells display similar electrochemical performance in terms of rate capability and capacity retention along cycling for ITC- and VC-based formulations. ITC undergoes a distinct reduction mechanism on graphite, forming a SEI layer containing C-O and COO<sup>-</sup> species. Additionally, some insights into the plausible reaction pathways of the reduction byproducts associated with ITC are provided. In sum, this work aims to pave the way toward enhancing the overall sustainability of energy storage devices by exploring a novel bio-based alternative to conventional petrochemical-derived additives.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e2501134"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-06-12DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202501050
Chen Liao, Mengyu Wang, Xiaofeng Kang, Dan Lei, Tengfei Ma, Ya Liu, Liejin Guo
{"title":"Tunable Oxygen Vacancies Enable Dynamic Infrared Response for Efficient CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction on Plasmonic BiO<sub>x</sub>.","authors":"Chen Liao, Mengyu Wang, Xiaofeng Kang, Dan Lei, Tengfei Ma, Ya Liu, Liejin Guo","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202501050","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cssc.202501050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction offers a sustainable route to convert CO<sub>2</sub> into value-added fuels, yet remains limited by poor infrared light utilization. Herein, a nonmetallic plasmonic BiO<sub>x</sub> photocatalyst with tunable oxygen vacancies is reported that enables continuous adjustment of infrared absorption from 700 to 1700 nm. By varying calcination temperature, the carrier concentration and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) response are effectively modulated. Combined X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Mott-Schottky analysis, and control experiments reveal that gradient oxygen vacancies play a key role in regulating plasmonic intensity and catalytic activity. The optimized BiO<sub>x</sub>-180 °C catalyst achieves efficient CO<sub>2</sub> reduction under near-infrared illumination (>800 nm), delivering a total production rate of 3 μmol g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> with 50.5% selectivity toward C<sub>2</sub> products, which is 2.7 times higher than under UV-vis light. Moreover, under full-spectrum illumination, BiO<sub>x</sub> exhibits an increased total product yield, demonstrating the synergistic effect between interband transitions and plasmonic excitations. Quasi-in situ XPS, light-assisted Kelvin probe force microscopy, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy further reveal that the LSPR effect facilitates CC coupling pathways, promoting the generation of C<sub>2</sub> products. This study highlights the potential of dynamic infrared response modulation in plasmonic semiconductors to advance efficient, broadband-driven photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e2501050"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-06-12DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202500257
Hendrik Puetz, Alexander-Maurice Illig, Mariia Vorobii, Christoph Janknecht, Francisca Contreras, Fabian Flemig, Ulrich Schwaneberg
{"title":"KnowVolution of an Efficient Polyamidase through Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Incrementally Docked Oligomeric Substrates","authors":"Hendrik Puetz, Alexander-Maurice Illig, Mariia Vorobii, Christoph Janknecht, Francisca Contreras, Fabian Flemig, Ulrich Schwaneberg","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202500257","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cssc.202500257","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Management of synthetic polymer waste is one of the most pressing challenges for society today. Enzymatic recycling of polycondensates like polyamides (PA), however, remains limited due to a lack of efficient polyamidases. This study reports the directed evolution of the polyamidase NylC<sub>p2</sub>–TS. Key positions involved in enzyme–substrate interactions and PA 6 hydrolysis are identified through random mutagenesis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The final variant, NylC–HP (NylC<sub>p2</sub>–TS<sup>F134W/D304M/R330A</sup>), exhibits a 6.9-fold increased specific activity (520 ± 1 μmol<sub>6–AHAeq</sub> h<sup>−1</sup> mg<sub>enzyme</sub><sup>−1</sup>) and enhanced thermal stability (<i>T</i><sub>m</sub> = 90 °C, Δ<i>T</i><sub>m</sub> = 4.2 °C), making NylC–HP the fastest polyamidase for PA 6 and PA 6,6 hydrolysis. Despite the improved reaction rate, the degree of depolymerization remains below 1%. To understand the molecular basis of achieved improvements and factors limiting the degree of depolymerization, intra- and intermolecular interactions of various enzyme-substrate complexes are analyzed by incremental docking of PA 6 tetramers and MD simulations. After optimizing the activity and stability of NylC–HP, the findings suggest that widening the substrate binding pocket is likely necessary to improve substrate accessibility to target more buried attack sites on the polymer surface and thereby enhance the degree of depolymerization.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":"18 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cssc.202500257","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202500942
Shuyue Li, Qian Wang, Juan Wang, Heng Jiang, Fei Du
{"title":"Comprehensive Insights into Gel Polymer Electrolytes and Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries.","authors":"Shuyue Li, Qian Wang, Juan Wang, Heng Jiang, Fei Du","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202500942","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cssc.202500942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have been considered as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to environmental friendliness, abundant resources, and high safety. However, aqueous electrolytes suffer from inevitable problems including water splitting, evaporation, and liquid leakage. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), acting as electrolyte and separator simultaneously, can effectively alleviate the challenges of aqueous electrolytes due to hydrogen bonds between hydrophilic polymers and free water molecules. However, GPEs still face serious challenges on the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Therefore, it is imperative to provide comprehensive insights into recent advances of design principles to optimize electrode/electrolyte interfaces. This review systematically summarizes recent progress of GPEs in AZIBs from the aspects of fundamentals, optimization strategies on electrode/electrolyte interfaces, and applications in detail. First, the fundamentals of GPEs including elaborate classification, synthesis methods, and crucial properties are discussed. Then, the current challenges on the interfaces along with multiple strategies to modulate the interfaces and the practical applications of assembled AZIBs under different conditions are discussed. Finally, this review outlines the opportunities and challenges for obtaining advanced GPEs. This review provides an in-depth understanding of the relationship between properties of electrode/electrolyte interfaces and performances for GPEs, and it is expected to facilitate the development of AZIBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e2500942"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-06-10DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202500684
Susung Yun, Puji Lestari Handayani, U Hyeok Choi
{"title":"Weakly Coordinating Single-Ion Conductors Integrated with High-Dielectric Zwitterions for Accelerated Lithium-Ion Transport.","authors":"Susung Yun, Puji Lestari Handayani, U Hyeok Choi","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202500684","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cssc.202500684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single-ion conductors with immobile anions can suppress concentration polarization during the cycling in lithium metal batteries (LMBs), thereby inhibiting lithium (Li) dendrite formation. However, strong binding interactions between the anion and Li<sup>+</sup> cation can hinder ion dissociation and transport within polymer electrolytes. Herein, weak-binding single-ion gel polymer electrolytes (WSGPE) are designed to enable fast ion transport while maintaining a high electrochemical stability window. The unique delocalized charge distribution of the weakly binding cyanamide-containing monomer, combined with the high dipole moment of the zwitterionic monomer as a decoupling agent, facilitates Li<sup>+</sup> ion dissociation and reduces the activation energy for ion hopping. Consequently, the optimized WSGPE exhibits an ionic conductivity of 0.87 mS cm<sup>-1</sup>, a near-unity transference number of 0.79, and a shear storage modulus of 0.27 MPa at room temperature. These exceptional ion transport and mechanical properties enable stable Li plating/stripping for over 500 h at 0.1 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> in Li symmetric cells, effectively suppressing dendrite growth. The design of weakly coordinating structures and the optimization process between ionic conductivity and the modulus is believed to facilitate the design of single-ion polymer electrolytes and the achievement of high-performance LMBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e2500684"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-06-10DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202500427
Jonas Mercken, Dries De Sloovere, Bjorn Joos, Digvijay Ghogare, Younas Verhille, Sander Smeets, Elien Derveaux, Peter Adriaensens, Marlies Van Bael, An Hardy
{"title":"Organic Modification of Eutectogels Enhances Electrolyte/Electrode Contact in Sodium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Jonas Mercken, Dries De Sloovere, Bjorn Joos, Digvijay Ghogare, Younas Verhille, Sander Smeets, Elien Derveaux, Peter Adriaensens, Marlies Van Bael, An Hardy","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202500427","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cssc.202500427","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Na<sup>+</sup> ion conducting deep eutectic solvents (DESs) hold promise as alternative electrolytes for future sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) because of their higher thermal stability compared to conventional liquid electrolytes, drastically improving safety characteristics. However, their liquid nature remains to pose a risk of potential leakage. In this study, the latter is resolved by the encapsulation of DESs in a solid host matrix, creating so-called eutectogels, which are promising alternatives to ionogels because of their cost-effectiveness. The nature of the host matrix heavily influences the mechanical properties of the gels, where completely inorganic host materials readily experience mechanical deterioration when stress is applied. In this work, organic modification of the inorganic host matrix enhances the pliability of eutectogels, decreasing their Young's modulus from 4.8 to 2.1 MPa. This results in an improved electrolyte/electrode contact (reduced charge-transfer resistance) without compromising ionic conductivity (up to 0.17 mS cm<sup>−1</sup>) or electrochemical stability window (≈0.9 V vs. Na<sup>+</sup>/Na to ≈4.5 vs. Na<sup>+</sup>/Na). As such, the eutectogels outperformed conventional liquid SIB electrolytes in full cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":"18 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}