Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"An Environmentally Friendly Compact Microfluidic Hydrodynamic Sequential Injection System Using <i>Curcuma putii</i> Maknoi & Jenjitt. Extract as a Natural Reagent for Colorimetric Determination of Total Iron in Water Samples.","authors":"Maneerat Namjan,&nbsp;Natcha Kaewwonglom,&nbsp;Chonlada Dechakiatkrai Theerakarunwong,&nbsp;Jaroon Jakmunee,&nbsp;Wanpen Khongpet","doi":"10.1155/2023/3400863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3400863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The miniaturization of analytical systems and the utilization of nontoxic natural extract from plants play significant roles for green analytical chemistry methodology. In this work, the microfluidic hydrodynamic sequential injection (HSI) with the LED-phototransistor colorimetric detection system has been proposed to create an ecofriendly and low-cost miniaturized analytical system for online determination of iron in water samples using <i>Curcuma putii</i> Maknoi & Jenjitt. extracts as high stability and good selectivity of a natural reagent. The proposed method was designed for online solution mixing and colorimetric detection on a microfluidic platform. The <i>Curcuma putii</i> Maknoi & Jenjitt. extracts and standard/samples were sequentially aspirated to fill the channel before entering the built-in flow cell. The intensity of iron-<i>Curcuma putii</i> Maknoi & Jenjitt. extract complex was monitored under the optimum conditions of flow rate, sample volume, mixing zone length, and aspiration sequences, by altering the gain control of the colorimetric detector to achieve good sensitivity. The results demonstrated a good performance of the green analytical systems. A linear calibration graph in the range of 0.5-6.0 mg L^-1 was obtained with a limit of detection at an adequate level of 0.11 mg L^-1 for water samples with a sample throughput of 30 h^-1. The precise and accurate measurement results were achieved with relative standard deviations in the range of 1.61-1.72%, and percent recoveries were found in the range of 90.6-113.4. The proposed method offers cost-effective, easy operation over an appropriate analysis time (2 min/injection) with good sensitivity and is environmentally friendly with low consumption of solutions and the use of high stability and good selectivity of nontoxic reagents. The achieved method was demonstrated to be a good choice for routine analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9859699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10580638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the Imaged cIEF Method for Monitoring the Charge Heterogeneity of Antibody-Maytansine Conjugate.","authors":"Ayat Abbood","doi":"10.1155/2023/8150143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8150143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to develop a whole-column imaging-detection capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) method for the analytical characterization of charge heterogeneity of a novel humanized anti-EphA2 antibody conjugated to a maytansine derivative. In addition to focusing time, sample composition was optimized: pH range, percent of carrier ampholytes, conjugated antibody concentration, and urea concentration. A good separation of charge isoforms was obtained with 4% carrier ampholytes of a large (3-10) and narrow pH range (8-10.5) (1 : 1 ratio), conjugated antibody concentration (0.3-1 mg/ml) with a good linearity (<i>R</i>²: 0.9905), 2 M of urea concentration, and 12 minute for focusing. The optimized icIEF method demonstrated a good interday repeatability with RSD values: <1% (pI), <8% (% peak area), and 7% (total peak areas). The optimized icIEF was useful as an analytical characterization tool to assess the charged isoform profile of a discovery batch of the studied maytansinoid-antibody conjugate in comparison to its naked antibody. It exhibited a large pI range (7.5-9.0), while its naked antibody showed a narrow pI range (8.9-9.0). In the discovery batch of maytansinoid-antibody conjugate, 2% of charge isoforms had the same pI as the pI of naked antibody isoforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10256444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9618149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas Chromatographic-Ion Mobility Spectrometry Combined with Chemometrics to Study the Changes in Characteristic Odor Components of Galli gigerii Endothelium Corneum in Different Processing Methods.","authors":"Yongqi Zhao,&nbsp;Zhenling Zhang,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhang,&nbsp;Yanbang Shi,&nbsp;Yiming Wang","doi":"10.1155/2023/2259280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2259280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Galli gigerii endothelium corneum (GGEC) is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinical practice to treat various conditions such as indigestion, vomiting, spermatorrhea, and enuresis. In this study, the volatile components of different concoctions of GGEC were examined by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and the changes of the components were compared by fingerprinting, combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to analyze the main volatile components and find out the different markers that can distinguish the different concoctions of GGEC. In the result, the GC-IMS fingerprints of GGEC and its different concoctions showed differences in their volatile components, of which 49 volatiles were clearly characterized, with some components including monomers and dimers. The characteristic volatile components of raw GGEC (SP) were n-nonanal, (E)-2-octenal, beta-ocimene, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, etc. The characteristic volatile components of stir-fried GGEC (QC) are heptanal, 2-octanol, (E)-2-heptenal, etc. The characteristic volatile components of sand ironing GGEC (ST) are isoamyl acetate, decanal, cyclohexanone, 2-ethyl pyrazine, etc. The characteristic volatile components of stir-fried GGEC with vinegar (CZ) are thiazole, linalool, 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, etc. The characteristic volatile components of stir-fried GGEC with milk (FH) are 2-methylbutanoic acid, ethyl acetate, ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate, butyl acetate, etc. By chemometric analysis, components such as n-nonanal, (E)-2-octenal, 2-pentyl-furan, butanal, 1,4-dioxane, and 2-methylpropanoic acid could be used as difference markers to distinguish different concoction products of GGEC. Furthermore, by analyzing different volatile compounds, we can examine the changes in volatile components during processing of GGEC, which can provide experimental data for the identification and establishment of quality standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10425247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10003944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometrics Analysis of Research Progress of Electrochemical Detection of Tetracycline Antibiotics.","authors":"Dihua Wu,&nbsp;Hassan Karimi-Maleh,&nbsp;Xiaozhu Liu,&nbsp;Li Fu","doi":"10.1155/2023/6443610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6443610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum class of antibiotics. The use of excessive doses of tetracycline antibiotics can result in their residues in food, posing varying degrees of risk to human health. Therefore, the establishment of a rapid and sensitive field detection method for tetracycline residues is of great practical importance to improve the safety of food-derived animal foods. Electrochemical analysis techniques are widely used in the field of pollutant detection because of the simple detection principle, easy operation of the instrument, and low cost of analysis. In this review, we summarize the electrochemical detection of tetracycline antibiotics by bibliometrics. Unlike the previously published reviews, this article reviews and analyzes the development of this topic. The contributions of different countries and different institutions were analyzed. Keyword analysis was used to explain the development of different research directions. The results of the analysis revealed that developments and innovations in materials science can enhance the performance of electrochemical detection of tetracycline antibiotics. Among them, gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes are the most used nanomaterials. Aptamer sensing strategies are the most favored methodologies in electrochemical detection of tetracycline antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9966827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10813952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous and Visual Detection of KPC and NDM Carbapenemase-Encoding Genes Using Asymmetric PCR and Multiplex Lateral Flow Strip.","authors":"Wei Lai,&nbsp;Yongjie Xu,&nbsp;Lin Liu,&nbsp;Huijun Cao,&nbsp;Bin Yang,&nbsp;Jie Luo,&nbsp;Ying Fei","doi":"10.1155/2023/9975620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9975620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (CRE) infections constitute a threat to public health, and KPC and NDM are the major carbapenemases of concern. Rapid diagnostic tests are highly desirable in point-of-care (POC) and emergency laboratories with limited resources. Here, we developed a multiplex lateral flow assay based on asymmetric PCR and barcode capture probes for the simultaneous detection of KPC-2 and NDM-1. Biotinylated barcode capture probes corresponding to the KPC-2 and NDM-1 genes were designed and cast onto two different sensing zones of a nitrocellulose membrane after reacting with streptavidin to prepare a multiplex lateral flow strip. Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles (SA-AuNPs) were used as signal reporters. In response to the target carbapenemase genes, biotin-labelled ssDNA libraries were produced by asymmetric PCR, which bond to SA-AuNPs via biotin and hybridise with the barcode capture probe via a complementary sequence, thereby bridging SA-AuNPs and the barcode capture probe to form visible red lines on the detection zones. The signal intensities were proportional to the number of resistance genes tested. The strip sensor showed detection limits of 0.03 pM for the KPC-2 and 0.07 pM for NDM-1 genes, respectively, and could accurately distinguish between KPC-2 and NDM-1 genes in CRE strains. For the genotyping of clinical isolates, our strip exhibited excellent consistency with real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and gene sequencing. Given its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and rapid analysis accomplished by the naked eye, the multiplex strip is promising auxiliary diagnostic tool for KPC-2 and NDM-1 producers in routine clinical laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10285314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrimination of Free-Range and Caged Eggs by Chemometrics Analysis of the Elemental Profiles of Eggshell.","authors":"Shunping Xie,&nbsp;Chengying Hai,&nbsp;Song He,&nbsp;Huanhuan Lu,&nbsp;Lu Xu,&nbsp;Haiyan Fu","doi":"10.1155/2023/1271409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1271409","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the foods commonly eaten all over the world, eggs have attracted more and more attention for their quality and price. A method based on elemental profiles and chemometrics to discriminate between free-range and caged eggs was established. Free-range (n1 = 127) and caged (n2 = 122) eggs were collected from different producing areas in China. The content of 16 elements (Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr, Mg, Cu, Se, Ca, Al, Sr, Na, and K) in the eggshell was determined using a inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). Outlier diagnosis is performed by robust Stahel–Donoho estimation (SDE) and the Kennard and Stone (K-S) algorithm for training and test set partitioning. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) were used for classification of the two types of eggs. As a result, Cd, Mn, Mg, Se, and K make an important contribution to the classification of free-range and caged eggs. By combining column-wise and row-wise rescaling of the elemental data, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 91.9%, 91.1%, and 92.7% for PLS-DA, while the results of LS-SVM were 95.3%, 95.6%, and 95.1%, respectively. The result indicates that chemometrics analysis of the elemental profiles of eggshells could provide a useful and effective method to discriminate between free-range and caged eggs.","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9991470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9087515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Analytical Method for Simultaneous Determination of Glucosamine and Calcium in Dietary Supplements by Capillary Electrophoresis with Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection.","authors":"Yen Nhi Do,&nbsp;Thi Lan Phuong Kieu,&nbsp;Thi Huyen My Dang,&nbsp;Quang Huy Nguyen,&nbsp;Thu Hien Dang,&nbsp;Cao Son Tran,&nbsp;Anh Phuong Vu,&nbsp;Thi Trang Do,&nbsp;Thi Ngan Nguyen,&nbsp;Son Luong Dinh,&nbsp;Thi Minh Thu Nguyen,&nbsp;Thi Ngoc Mai Pham,&nbsp;Anh Quoc Hoang,&nbsp;Bach Pham,&nbsp;Thi Anh Huong Nguyen","doi":"10.1155/2023/2765508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2765508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The need for analytical methods that are fast, affordable, and ecologically friendly is expanding. Because of its low solvent consumption, minimal waste production, and speedy analysis, capillary electrophoresis is considered a \"green\" choice among analytical separation methods. With these \"green\" features, we have utilized the capillary electrophoresis method with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C⁴D) to simultaneously determine glucosamine and Ca²⁺ in dietary supplements. The CE analysis was performed in fused silica capillaries (50 <i>μ</i>m inner diameter, 40 cm total length, 30 cm effective length), and the analytical time was around 5 min. After optimization, the CE conditions for selective determination of glucosamine and Ca²⁺ were obtained, including a 10 mM tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane/acetic acid (Tris/Ace) buffer of pH 5.0 as the background electrolyte; separation voltage of 20 kV; and hydrodynamic injection (siphoning) at 25 cm height for 30 s. The method illustrated good linearity over the concentration range of 5.00 to 200 mg/L of for glucosamine (<i>R</i> ² = 0.9994) and 1.00 to 100 mg/L for Ca²⁺ (<i>R</i> ² = 0.9994). Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit of glucosamine was 1.00 mg/L, while that of Ca²⁺ was 0.05 mg/L. The validated method successfully analyzed glucosamine and Ca²⁺ in seven dietary supplement samples. The measured concentrations were generally in line with the values of label claims and with cross-checking data from reference methods (HPLC and ICP-OES).</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9904918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10693276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of One-Emission Nitrogen-Fluorine-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots and Their Applications in Environmental Water Samples and Living Cells for ClO^- Detection and Imaging.","authors":"Qianchun Zhang,&nbsp;Haijiang Du,&nbsp;Siqi Xie,&nbsp;Fengling Tian,&nbsp;Xixi Long,&nbsp;Shan Liu,&nbsp;Yun Wu","doi":"10.1155/2023/7515979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7515979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypochlorite (ClO^-) has received extensive attention owing to its significant roles in the immune defense and pathogenesis of numerous diseases. However, excessive or misplaced production of ClO^- may pose certain diseases. Thus, to determine its biological functions in depth, ClO^- should be tested in biosystems. In this study, a facile, one-pot synthesis of nitrogen-fluorine-doped carbon quantum dots (N, F-CDs) was developed using ammonium citrate tribasic, L-alanine, and ammonium fluoride as raw materials under hydrothermal conditions. The prepared N, F-CDs demonstrate not only strong blue fluorescence emission with a high fluorescence quantum yield (26.3%) but also a small particle size of approximately 2.9 nm, as well as excellent water solubility and biocompatibility. Meanwhile, the as-prepared N, F-CDs exhibit good performance in the highly selective and sensitive detection of ClO^-. Thus, a wide concentration response range of 0-600 <i>μ</i>M with a low limit of detection (0.75 <i>μ</i>M) was favorably obtained for the N, F-CDs. Based on the excellent fluorescence stability, excellent water solubility, and low cell toxicity, the practicality and viability of the fluorescent composites were also successfully verified via detecting ClO^- in water samples and living RAW 264.7 cells. The proposed probe is expected to provide a new approach for detecting ClO^- in other organelles.</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10154095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9415555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Firing-Associated Recycling of Coal-Fired Power Plant Fly Ash.","authors":"Vu Thi Ngoc Minh,&nbsp;Vuong-Hung Pham,&nbsp;Vu Hoang Tung,&nbsp;Cao Tho Tung,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Hong Phuong","doi":"10.1155/2023/8597376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8597376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coal-fired power plant fly ash is a global environmental concern due to its small particle size, heavy metal content, and increased emissions. Although widely used in concrete, geopolymer, and fly ash brick production, a large amount of fly ash remains in storage sites or is used in landfills due to inadequate raw material quality, resulting in a waste of a recoverable resource. Therefore, the ongoing need is to develop new methods for recycling fly ash. The present review differentiates the physiochemical properties of fly ash from two coal combustion processes: fluidized bed combustion and pulverized coal combustion. It then discusses applications that can consume fly ash without strict chemical requirements, focusing on firing-associated methods. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of fly ash recycling are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9988373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9084102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Determination of Impurities in a New Therapeutic Agent for Fatty Liver Disease.","authors":"Huihui Shao,&nbsp;Jing Feng,&nbsp;Hanyilan Zhang,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Tong Qin,&nbsp;Yuhua Hu,&nbsp;Wenxuan Zhang,&nbsp;Tiesong Wang,&nbsp;Song Wu,&nbsp;Qingyun Yang","doi":"10.1155/2023/3116223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3116223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methyl 7,7'-dimethoxy-5'-(morpholinomethyl)-[4,4'-bibenzo[d][1,3] dioxole]-5-carboxylate methanesulfonate (IMM) is an innovative drug for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) owing to its high efficacy and low toxicity. In this study, five minor impurities (I, II, III, IV, and V) were identified and analyzed using spectroscopic evidence, chemical synthetic methods, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The impurities included hydrolysates and oxidation by-products extracted from both the drug in its final formulation and during synthesis. Toxicity prediction revealed potential carcinogenicity of impurity V containing an N-oxygen fragment. A reliable and selective HPLC method for the quantitative analysis of impurities I-IV and a sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for potential genotoxic impurity V were developed and optimized. The methods were validated based on the International Council for Harmonization guidelines. Satisfactory linearity was obtained for the analytes over the range of 0.1-2.0 <i>μ</i>g/mL for impurities I-IV and 0.3-30.0 ng/mL for impurity V, and in all cases, the fitting correlation coefficients exceeded 0.999. The obtained limits of detection values were 0.05 ng/mL and 0.005 <i>μ</i>g/mL for impurity V and impurities I-IV, respectively. The precision and repeatability of the methods were less than 1.08% and 8.72% for each impurity. The recovery percentages of all impurities were in the range of 91.18%-111.27%, with the relative standard deviation of less than 3.69%. The greenness assessment of the HPLC method and the HPLC-MS/MS method were evaluated by using AGREE software with a score value of 0.72 and 0.68, respectively. The recommended procedures that were accurate, specific, and ecofriendly were applied to the existing active pharmaceutical ingredients of IMM, and they generated satisfactory results.</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10421711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9988926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}