Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Use of teicoplanin monotherapy for the treatment of enterococcal infective endocarditis: a retrospective and comparative study at a referral centre.","authors":"Miguel Villamarín, Nuria Fernández-Hidalgo, Belén Viñado, Juan José González-López, Pau Rello, Laura Escolà-Vergé","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae291","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Clinical experience in the use of teicoplanin for treating enterococcal infective endocarditis (EIE) is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with EIE treated with teicoplanin monotherapy compared to standard therapy with ampicillin plus ceftriaxone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All consecutive adult patients diagnosed with EIE between January 2018 and September 2022 at a referral centre were reviewed. Characteristics of individuals treated with teicoplanin for ≥14 days [the treated with teicoplanin (TT) group] were compared with those who received ampicillin plus ceftriaxone (AC group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-six patients were included [61 (92%) E. faecalis infective endocarditis (IE) and 5 (8%) E. faecium IE]. Twenty-seven (41%) received teicoplanin: eight as first-line treatment and 19 as continuation therapy.The median duration of teicoplanin treatment was 30 (25-43) days. Surgery was indicated in 14/27 (52%) in the TT group and in 21/39 (54%) in the AC group, but was finally performed in 11/14 (79%) and 13/21 (62%) (P = 0.46), respectively. In-hospital mortality rate was 3/27 (11%) in the TT group and 12/39 (31%) in the AC group (P = 0.06). Patients treated with teicoplanin were more often discharged on outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy [18/27 (67%) versus 6/39 (15%), P < 0.001] and median hospital stay was shorter [29 days (IQR 20-61) versus 50 days (IQR 43-68), P = 0.006]. One-year cumulative mortality was 8/27 (30%) in the TT group and 13/39 (33%) in the AC group (P = 0.46). There was one relapse in each group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Teicoplanin seems an effective treatment for selected patients with enterococcal IE, mainly to facilitate discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"2809-2814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The circulation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between humans, horses and the environment at the equine clinic.","authors":"Aneta Papouskova, Zuzana Drabkova, Marie Brajerova, Marcela Krutova, Alois Cizek, Jan Tkadlec","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae303","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We performed a retrospective analysis of MRSA isolates collected at the university equine clinic including clinical isolates from 2008 to 2021 and screening environmental, equine and personnel isolates from 2016.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Screening and clinical samples were cultured on Brilliance MRSA 2 and Columbia agar (Oxoid), respectively, with enrichment for environmental samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by disc diffusion. All the isolates were characterized by spa typing. Eighteen selected isolates were subjected to WGS with subsequent wgMLST clonal analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 75 MRSA isolates, five spa types were identified, the majority (n = 67; 89.33%) was t011. All isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and ampicillin and carried the mecA gene. In addition, the isolates were resistant to tetracycline (n = 74; 98.67%), gentamicin (n = 70; 93.33%), enrofloxacin (n = 54; 72.00%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (n = 5; 6.67%) and lincomycin (n = 3; 4.00%) with corresponding genetic markers for the resistance detected in the sequenced isolates. All 18 sequenced isolates belonged to ST398, 16 carried SCCmec type IVa and two carried SCCmec type Vc (5C2&5). Further, isolates carried aur, hlgA, hlgB and hlgC virulence genes, and five isolates carried sak and scn genes, which are part of the immune evasion cluster. Close genetic relatedness was found between isolates from the staff of the clinic and clinical samples of horses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Repeated introduction and long-term persistence of the equine LA-MRSA subclone (ST398-MRSA-IVa/Vc(5C2&5), t011) among the infected horses at the equine clinic with the colonization of personnel, and the environment contamination that might contribute to transmission were observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"2901-2905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a novel cfr/fexA-carrying SCCmec variant from a Mammaliicoccus sciuri isolated from henhouses.","authors":"Jia Xiao, Yunqing Guo, Wenting Zhang, Qiao Hu, Qin Lu, Guoyuan Wen, Huabin Shao, Zhenyu Cheng, Qingping Luo, Tengfei Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae322","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae322","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"3045-3047"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The United Nations' General Assembly High-Level Meeting on antimicrobial resistance: a joint statement from the Heads of Government and Chief Medical Officers of the United Kingdom's Overseas Territories.","authors":"Matthew Dryden, Michael Corley, Natalie Wright, Aisha Andrewin, Ronald Georges, Shaun Ramroop, Sharra Greenaway, Nicholas Gent, Nadia Astwood, William Hardy, Helen Carter, Peter Moss, Rebecca Edwards, Alex Wonner, Ayo Oyinloye, Kevin Donovan","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae330","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs) are small, often remote territories with historical and territorial links to the UK. They range from densely populated areas (Cayman, Bermuda, Gibraltar) to land with no permanent inhabitants (British Antarctic Territory, South Georgia). However, they are linked by ecosystem instability (the permacrisis) including antimicrobial resistance (AMR), climate change and biodiversity disruption. The Chief Medical Officers of the UKOTs met in June 2024 and were unanimous in their concerns about the threat of global AMR. They have issued this statement on their hopes and expectations for the United Nations' General Assembly High-Level Meeting, in September 2024. These may be summarized by the hope of achieving united and sustained global political will to reduce the threat of AMR by equitable access to treatments, prevention of AMR by sanitation and accurate diagnostics, and education in health care and the public.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"2729-2730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Lenacapavir to prevent HIV infection: current prices versus estimated costs of production.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae356","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"3052"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: Carbapenem combination therapy versus standard of care for persistent methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.","authors":"Samadhi Patamatamkul","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae353","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae353","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"3051"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Detection of volatile organic compounds as new paradigm to accelerate antimicrobial susceptibility testing: performance evaluation of VITEK® REVEAL™.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae364","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae364","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"3054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual β-lactams for the treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus: a review of the evidence and a call to act against an antibiotic nightmare.","authors":"Bianca Maria Longo, Mattia Trunfio, Andrea Calcagno","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae288","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycobacterium abscessus complex is a group of rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), increasingly emerging as opportunistic pathogens. Current treatment options for these microorganisms are limited and associated with a high rate of treatment failure, toxicity and recurrence. In search of new therapeutic strategies, interest has grown in dual β-lactam (DBL) therapy, as research recently discovered that M. abscessus cell wall synthesis is mainly regulated by two types of enzymes (d,d-transpeptidases and l,d-transpeptidases) differently susceptible to inhibition by distinct β-lactams. In vitro studies testing several DBL combinations have shown synergy in extracellular broth cultures as well as in the intracellular setting: cefoxitin/imipenem, ceftaroline/imipenem, ceftazidime/ceftaroline and ceftazidime/imipenem. The addition of specific β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) targeting M. abscessus β-lactamase did not significantly enhance the activity of DBL combinations. However, in vivo data are lacking. We reviewed the literature on DBL/DBL-BLI-based therapies for M. abscessus infections to raise greater attention on this promising yet overlooked treatment option and to guide future preclinical and clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"2731-2741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial persistence to antibiotics activated by tRNA mutations.","authors":"Jongwook Park, Dongju Lee, Hyojeong Yi, Cheol-Won Yun, Heenam Stanley Kim","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae307","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Bacterial persistence is a significant cause of the intractability of chronic and relapsing infections. Despite its importance, many of the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Antibiotic-tolerant mutants of Burkholderia thailandensis were isolated through exposure to lethal doses of AMP or MEM, followed by whole-genome sequencing to identify mutations. Subsequently, these mutants underwent comprehensive characterization via killing curves, growth curves, and persistence-fraction plots. Northern blot analysis was employed to detect uncharged tRNA, while the generation of relA and spoT null mutations served to confirm the involvement of the stringent response in this persistence mechanism. Phenotypic reversion of the persistence mutation was demonstrated by incubating the mutants without antibiotics for 2 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We have discovered a novel mechanism of persistence triggered by specific mutations at positions 32 or 38 within the anticodon loop of tRNAAsp. This leads to heightened persistence through a RelA-dependent stringent response. Notably, this persistence can be easily reverted to wild-type physiology by losing the mutant tRNA allele within the tRNA gene cluster when persistence is no longer essential for survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This distinct form of persistence underscores the novel function of tRNA mutations at positions 32 or 38 within the anticodon loop, as well as the significance of the tRNA gene cluster in conferring adaptability to regulate persistence for enhanced survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"2923-2931"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir in second-line treatment in African children with HIV.","authors":"Lufina Tsirizani, Shaghayegh Mohsenian Naghani, Hylke Waalewijn, Alexander Szubert, Veronica Mulenga, Chishala Chabala, Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Moses Chitsamatanga, Diana A Rutebarika, Victor Musiime, Mariam Kasozi, Abbas Lugemwa, Lara N Monkiewicz, Helen M McIlleron, David M Burger, Diana M Gibb, Paolo Denti, Roeland E Wasmann, Angela Colbers","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae319","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Darunavir is a potent HIV protease inhibitor with a high barrier to resistance. We conducted a nested pharmacokinetic sub-study within CHAPAS-4 to evaluate darunavir exposure in African children with HIV, taking once-daily darunavir/ritonavir for second-line treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the CHAPAS-4 pharmacokinetic sub-study treating children with once-daily darunavir/ritonavir (600/100 mg if 14-24.9 kg and 800/100 mg if ≥25 kg) with either tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF)/emtricitabine (FTC), abacavir/lamivudine or zidovudine/lamivudine. Steady-state pharmacokinetic sampling was done at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after observed darunavir/ritonavir intake. Non-compartmental and population pharmacokinetic analyses were used to describe the data and identify significant covariates. Reference adult pharmacokinetic data were used for comparison. We simulated the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended 600/100 mg darunavir/ritonavir dose for the 25-34.9 kg weight band.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 59 children with median age and weight 10.9 (range 3.8-14.7) years and 26.0 (14.5-47.0) kg, respectively, were available. A two-compartment disposition model with transit absorption compartments and weight-based allometric scaling of clearance and volume best described darunavir data. Our population achieved geometric mean (%CV) darunavir AUC0-24h, 94.3(50) mg·h/L and Cmax, 9.1(35) mg/L, above adult reference values and Ctrough, 1.5(111) mg/L, like adult values. The nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor backbone was not found to affect darunavir concentrations. Simulated WHO-recommended darunavir/ritonavir doses showed exposures equivalent to adults. Higher alpha-1-acid glycoprotein increased binding to darunavir and decreased apparent clearance of darunavir.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Darunavir exposures achieved in our trial are within safe range. Darunavir/ritonavir can safely be co-administered with TAF/FTC. Both WHO-recommended 600/100 mg and CHAPAS-4 800/100 mg darunavir/ritonavir doses for the 25-34.9 kg weight band offer favourable exposures. The choice between them can depend on tablet availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"2990-2998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}