Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of new antimicrobial agents against carbapenemase-producing and non-carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in Japan: national genomic surveillance (JARBS 2.0) study.","authors":"Norikazu Kitamura, Hirokazu Yano, Sayoko Kawakami, Sadao Aoki, Eiko Anzai, Satoyo Wakai, Maki Okuda, Yoshie Taki, Aki Hirabayashi, Yumiko Hosaka, Toshiki Kajihara, Yo Sugawara, Motoyuki Sugai, Koji Yahara","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkag305","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkag305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Integrated genomic and phenotypic surveillance is essential to address the global spread of antimicrobial resistance. Conventional surveillance systems monitor resistance to established agents but often lack susceptibility data for newly developed antimicrobials, limiting evidence-based treatment selection.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To characterize the genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacterales with reduced meropenem susceptibility in Japan using the upgraded Japan Antimicrobial Resistant Bacterial Surveillance system (JARBS 2.0).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2023, 873 Enterobacterales isolates with reduced meropenem susceptibility were collected from 82 hospitals and subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Standardized quantitative susceptibility testing, including seven recently developed antimicrobial agents (particularly nacubactam-based combinations under regulatory review), was performed for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) and non-carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (non-CP CRE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Carbapenemase genes were detected in 101 isolates (11.6%), predominantly blaIMP (85%) and blaNDM (9%), demonstrating the predominance of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) in Japan. Among MBL producers, susceptibility rates were ≥96% for cefiderocol, cefepime/nacubactam, aztreonam/nacubactam, and aztreonam/avibactam. Among non-CP CRE isolates, only cefepime/nacubactam maintained similarly high activity. Notably, 13% of carbapenemase-producing isolates remained phenotypically susceptible to meropenem (MIC ≤1 mg/L), representing \"stealth\" MBL carriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nacubactam-based combinations, cefiderocol and aztreonam/avibactam show promise against MBL-producing Enterobacterales in Japan, whereas cefepime/nacubactam demonstrated the greatest activity against non-CP CRE. The upgraded JARBS 2.0 framework enables high-resolution genomic and phenotypic surveillance, bridging the gap between molecular resistance mechanisms and the clinical efficacy of emerging antimicrobial agents. These findings highlight the value of integrating genomic surveillance into routine monitoring to guide antimicrobial therapy and inform infection prevention and control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":"81 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The underappreciated role of rifampin in shaping the epidemiology of RT027-like Clostridioides difficile lineages.","authors":"Isabella A Tickler, Richard V Goering, Fred C Tenover","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkag310","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkag310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global emergence and dissemination of epidemic Clostridioides difficile ribotype 027 (RT027) and related lineages illustrate the role of antimicrobial pressure in shaping the epidemiology of this pathogen. We propose a hierarchical model in which fluoroquinolones (FQs) served as the dominant selective force underlying the worldwide expansion of RT027-related strains, with rifampin and rifamycins acting as secondary modifiers that promoted persistence and regional dominance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":"81 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tigecycline-resistant Staphylococcus in waiting pens of a pig slaughterhouse: genomic insights into a food safety alert.","authors":"Honghao Huang, Feifei Zhao, Ruonan Zhao, Lu Diao, Peng Wan, Zhengyuan He, Huan Chen, Lingxuan Zhang, Yafei Li, Zhenling Zeng","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkag254","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkag254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The waiting pens of slaughterhouses represent a critical control point in the 'farm-to-fork' continuum, yet their role in the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance remains understudied. This study investigated tigecycline-resistant Staphylococcus (TRS) in these high-risk zones to assess their prevalence, resistance mechanisms, and transmission dynamics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>400 samples were collected from the waiting pens of a pig slaughterhouse in Guangzhou, China. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and molecular cloning were employed to characterize resistance mechanisms and transmission patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>78 TRS strains were isolated and classified into three species, including S. borealis, S. ureilyticus, and S. pasteuri. These isolates exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes and carried new mutations in rpsJ and tet(M), which were functionally confirmed to reduce tigecycline susceptibility. Phylogenetic evidence demonstrated clonal transmission between pig farms and the slaughterhouse. The tet(M) gene was located within Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec elements mediated by IS257, while tet(L) was carried by plasmids formed through IS256/IS257-mediated recombination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Waiting pens serve as crucial reservoirs for the amplification and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Our findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced biosecurity measures, improved waste management, and routine molecular surveillance in these high-risk zones to mitigate the spread of resistance along the food production chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":"81 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico resistance prediction of oral streptococci to recommended prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infective endocarditis upon dental procedures.","authors":"Gabriela Ceccon Chianca, Raiane Cardoso Chamon, Julia Peixoto de Albuquerque, Helvécio Cardoso Corrêa Póvoa, Fábio Faria da Mota, Natalia Lopes Pontes Povoa Iorio","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkag320","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkag320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For over 70 years, guidelines have recommended antibiotics for infective endocarditis (IE) prophylaxis before dental procedures, focusing on oral streptococci.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our in silico study aimed to evaluate the potential resistance of oral streptococci against prophylactic antibiotics used before invasive dental procedures to prevent IE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The genomic assemblies and metadata of Streptococcus IE isolates were searched using specific terms in BioSample and RefSeq databases. Their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes for 91 drugs belonging to 22 different classes were predicted with ResFinder and analysed regarding the recommended IE dental prophylactic antibiotics, focusing on the oral streptococci assemblies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 258 Streptococcus isolates dating from 1935 to 2021 from 12 countries, 79.46% were classified as oral streptococci, and 38.37% of the 258 assemblies carried resistance genes to at least one antimicrobial. Seven isolates carried the transposon Tn6331, which can confer resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins and tetracyclines. Within the oral Streptococcus strains, none carried resistance genes to amoxicillin, but potential resistance to azithromycin (24.88%) and doxycycline (16.59%) was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our in silico study showed that none of the oral Streptococcus assemblies from IE carried resistance genes to the primary regimen recommended for IE prophylaxis following invasive dental procedures. However, several assemblies were potentially resistant to alternative prophylactic regimens for patients allergic to penicillin or ampicillin.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":"81 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential clinical implications due to essential differences in antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of actinomycetoma causative agents of the Actinomadura, Nocardia and Streptomyces genera towards commonly used anti-actinomycetoma drugs.","authors":"Rihab A H Mohammed, Andrew K Watson, Mickey Konings, Katarzyna Mickiewicz, Ahmed H Fahal, Alexandro Bonifaz, Doudou Sow, Jeff Errington, Michiel L Bexkens, Wendy W J van de Sande","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkag325","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkag325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Actinomycetoma is a neglected tropical disease characterized by large tumorous lesions. It is caused by actinomycetes belonging to the genera Actinomadura, Nocardia and Streptomyces. Despite the differences between these genera and species, all actinomycetoma cases are treated with the same antibiotics. It is currently not known if the actinomycetoma causative agents have similar susceptibility patterns against these antibiotics. We therefore set out to determine the MICs for the most common causative agents against commonly used antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We used the standard in vitro susceptibility method from the CLSI to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of 94 actinomycete isolates belonging to the Actinomadura, Nocardia and Streptomyces genera and associated with actinomycetoma against 12 antibiotics. The molecular basis behind the reduced susceptibility was further explored using the genomes of the isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All isolates were highly susceptible to linezolid (100%), amikacin (98.9%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (87.2%). For amoxicillin/clavulanate and rifampicin, species-dependent susceptibility was noted. We found that 55% of Actinomadura madurae isolates, 61.5% of Nocardia brasiliensis isolates and 100% of Streptomyces somaliensis and Streptomyces sudanensis were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate. All A. madurae, Actinomadura pelletieri and N. brasiliensis isolates were resistant to rifampicin, whereas all S. somaliensis and S. sudanensis isolates were susceptible. This was most likely due to amino acid differences in the RpoB gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clear differences in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were noted for the different actinomycetoma causative agents, indicating that actinomycetoma treatment should be tailored to the causative agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":"81 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-treatment HIV-1 drug resistance spectrum and molecular transmission network characteristics in Zhejiang Province, 2023: implications for targeted control of drug-resistant HIV transmission.","authors":"Qin Fan, Jiafeng Zhang, Jun Jiang, Xiaohong Pan, Yaping Yao, Hui Xing, Yi Feng, Hehe Zhao, Xiaobei Ding, Yan Xia, Yun Xu, Xin Zhou, Chengliang Chai","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkag299","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkag299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize the epidemiology, subtype distribution and transmission dynamics of pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) among newly diagnosed antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China, in 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this province-wide cross-sectional molecular epidemiological study, the HIV-1 pol gene was amplified and Sanger-sequenced. Genotypic resistance was interpreted using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database, subtypes were assigned by phylogenetic analysis, and transmission networks were inferred at a pairwise genetic distance threshold of 0.01 substitutions/site, with sensitivity analysis across 0.001-0.015 substitutions/site thresholds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3466 valid pol sequences, 241 PDR cases were identified, yielding an overall PDR prevalence of 6.95% [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.11%-7.80%], with the highest prevalence observed in Jinhua (10.02%; 95% CI: 7.39%-12.65%). Of the 241 PDR cases, 10 distinct HIV-1 subtypes were detected, among which CRF07_BC (43.57%, 105/241) and CRF01_AE (38.17%, 92/241) predominated. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance was most frequent (67.66%, 159/235), driven by the resistance-associated mutation (RAM) K103N/S (46.47%, 112/241); high-level resistance was highest for nevirapine (63.07%, 152/241) and efavirenz (54.77%, 132/241). Overall, 42.32% of PDR cases clustered into 51 resistance-associated transmission clusters (RTCs); 18 medium/large RTCs (≥4 individuals) carried high-level NNRTI resistance, 8 with mean pairwise distances ≤0.005 substitutions/site, suggesting high sequence homology and suggestive of close epidemiological linkage among clustered strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, PDR cases in Zhejiang were dominated by NNRTI resistance with substantial regional clustering, indicating putative transmission networks. Scaled-up standardized PDR surveillance, optimized first-line ART regimens and cluster-targeted interventions are urgently needed to curb resistant HIV-1 transmission and inform national HIV drug resistance policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":"81 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative nephrotoxicity of polymyxin B versus colistin: evidence from ensemble learning and propensity score matching-right-to-reply.","authors":"Murat Özdede, Fatma Nisa Balli Turhan, Özgenur Geridönmez, Emre Kara, Gökhan Metan","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkag288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag288","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":"81 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic profiling of drug resistance markers in Plasmodium falciparum samples from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2017) and Tanzania (2020-2021).","authors":"Flory Luzolo Khote, Hypolite Muhindo Mavoko, Patrick Mitashi, Papy Mandoko, Destin Mbongi, Geofrey Makenga, Daniel T R Minja, Filbert Francis, Reginald Kavishe, Jean-Pierre van Geertruyden, Gauthier Mesia Kahunu, Didier Menard, Vito Baraka","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkag309","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkag309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Molecular surveillance is essential to detect emerging artemisinin partial resistance (ART-R) and partner drug resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance markers in two high-burden countries using artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL): the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1254 day-0 P. falciparum-positive samples were analysed: 837 from four sentinel sites of a therapeutic efficacy study (TES) in the DRC (2017) and 417 from an intermittent preventive treatment in schoolchildren (IPTsc) trial in Handeni and Kilindi districts, Tanga Region, Tanzania (2020-2021). Pfkelch13, Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 were analysed by Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reliable sequences were obtained for 1193 isolates. The Pfkelch13 wild-type allele predominated (98.4%); none of the four non-synonymous mutations detected (N489Y, K568T, A578S, V589I) are classified as validated, candidate or potential ART-R markers, and the validated markers R561H, P441L and C469Y reported elsewhere in East Africa were absent. Pfcrt K76T was found in 23.3% of Tanzanian and 26.3% of DRC isolates, with substantial between-site variation in the DRC (4.3% to 93.6% at Rutshuru). Pfmdr1 haplotype profiles differed between countries: NFSND predominated in Tanzania (71.5%) while NYSND remained the most frequent in the DRC (60.9%); 86Y was twice as frequent in the DRC (11.1%) as in Tanzania (6.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No validated ART-R marker was detected, but partner-drug haplotype distributions reflected the first-line ACTs used in each country. Continued molecular surveillance is needed to track these signatures alongside the recent emergence of ART-R.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":"81 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: prospective evaluation of imipenem trough concentrations and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.","authors":"Caglayan Merve Ayaz","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkag331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":"81 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of teicoplanin concentrations for loading-dose optimization across BMI categories.","authors":"Mitsutaka Kimura, Takaaki Yamada, Shigeki Nemoto, Yukari Inada, Masaya Morimoto, Takayuki Nakagawa, Yusuke Koizumi","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkag329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between teicoplanin trough concentrations and loading doses and to identify the appropriate body-weight descriptor for loading doses across BMI categories.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included adult patients whose teicoplanin trough concentrations had been measured. Cumulative loading doses and trough concentrations were compared among the underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal-weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) groups. Trough concentrations at the guideline-recommended loading dose scaled to different body-weight descriptors were simulated using individual pharmacokinetic parameters to evaluate the target attainment rate (TAR) within the target range 15-30 mg/L.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 206 patients were analysed, comprising 35 underweight, 131 normal-weight and 40 overweight/obese patients. The overweight/obese group received significantly lower loading doses than the other two groups. In contrast, Day 4 trough concentrations did not differ significantly between the underweight, normal-weight and overweight/obese groups, with median concentrations of 23.2, 23.7 and 24.1 mg/L, respectively. Simulation analysis showed that total body weight (TBW)-based dosing achieved a high TAR in the underweight and normal-weight groups (84% and 85%, respectively) and a lower TAR (71%) with a higher median of 27.2 mg/L in the overweight/obese group. The body-weight descriptor yielding a higher TAR than TBW-based dosing in the overweight/obese group varied by target range, with overlapping 95% CIs indicating no clear superiority.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Simulation analysis suggests that TBW-based loading doses may lead to teicoplanin overexposure in overweight/obese patients. Further studies are warranted to identify the appropriate body-weight descriptor for loading doses in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":"81 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149024813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}