Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of amoxicillin and benzylpenicillin therapy in early-onset neonatal sepsis: a pharmacometric external validation and simulation study.","authors":"Tom C Zwart, Dimitra Eleftheriou, Sophie J Jansen, Martha T van der Beek, Dirk Jan A R Moes, Swantje Völler, Vincent Bekker","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkaf191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Early-onset sepsis (EOS) poses a significant morbidity and mortality risk in neonates, for which early diagnosis and adequate antibiotic therapy is crucial. Amoxicillin and benzylpenicillin combined with aminoglycosides are often prescribed empirically for neonatal EOS but optimal dosing regimens are lacking. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), PTA and toxicity of amoxicillin and benzylpenicillin in (pre)term neonates with EOS, and define optimal dosing regimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred forty-five neonates [gestational age (GA): 24-42 weeks] with EOS treated with intravenous amoxicillin or benzylpenicillin, dosed as per the Dutch Pediatric Formulary (DPF), were included. Amoxicillin and benzylpenicillin were quantified in left-over samples during the first 48 h of life. First, the performance of nine paediatric amoxicillin and benzylpenicillin population PK models was evaluated. Second, the most appropriate models were used for simulation-based PTA and toxicity analyses, evaluating eight international neonatal dosing regimens. Third, simulation-based dose optimization was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Bijleveld (amoxicillin) and Padari (benzylpenicillin) models adequately described the obtained PK data (N = 252). For amoxicillin, all regimens showed >90% PTA up to 100%fT > MIC but displayed GA-dependent toxicity potential (concentrations >110 mg/L), the DPF regimen excepted. By contrast, all benzylpenicillin regimens showed suboptimal PTA, often accompanied with GA-dependent toxicity potential (concentrations >50 mg/L). Simulations indicated GA-based intermittent dosing or continuous infusion as options to further optimize benzylpenicillin therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>(Pre)term neonates with EOS can be adequately treated with amoxicillin dosed as per the DPF regimen. By contrast, further optimization is warranted for benzylpenicillin, for which GA-based intermittent dosing or continuous infusion pose potential alternatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aztreonam/avibactam activity against Enterobacterales from European medical centres: summary of 5 years of surveillance prior to approval for clinical use (2019-2023).","authors":"Helio S Sader, John H Kimbrough, Marisa L Winkler, Mariana Castanheira, Rodrigo E Mendes","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkaf161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the in vitro activity of aztreonam/avibactam against Enterobacterales from European medical centres during the 5-year period prior to its approval for clinical use in Europe.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty thousand seventy-four Enterobacterales isolates were consecutively collected in 2019-2023 from 19 medical centres in Eastern Europe and Mediterranean region (E-EU; n = 8074) and 27 medical centres in Western Europe (W-EU; n = 22 000) and susceptibility tested by broth microdilution. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and isolates with elevated MICs (>4 mg/L) for aztreonam/avibactam were molecularly characterized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aztreonam/avibactam was active against 99.8% and >99.9% of Enterobacterales from E-EU and W-EU, respectively and exhibited potent activity against CRE isolates (MIC50/90, 0.25/0.5 mg/L; 99.6%/99.7% susceptible in E-EU/W-EU). Cefiderocol was active against 74.8%/87.6% of CREs from E-EU/W-EU. Ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, and imipenem/relebactam retained moderate activity against CRE isolates from W-EU (68.3-80.3% susceptibility) but showed limited activity against CRE isolates from E-EU (45.1-63.0% susceptible). The occurrence of carbapenemases varied markedly among the countries evaluated. In general, the MBLs predominated in E-EU and the KPCs prevailed in W-EU. Decreased susceptibility to aztreonam/avibactam was predominantly due to PBP3 alterations and production of CMY and/or CTX-M β-lactamases among Escherichia coli, and hyperexpression of ampC plus porin alterations in Enterobacter cloacae species complex and Klebsiella aerogenes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this investigation provide a valuable benchmark for monitoring the in vitro activity of aztreonam/avibactam after its clinical approval in Europe and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive surveillance programmes to monitor the emergence of high-risk clones and resistance mechanisms to newly approved antimicrobial agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbapenem resistance in Escherichia marmotae: characterization of IncL plasmids carrying blaOXA-48.","authors":"Astrid Rasmussen, Anette M Hammerum, Frank Hansen, Lillian M Søes, Michael Pedersen, Hans L Nielsen, Flemming Scheutz, Henrik Hasman, Louise Roer","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkaf188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Sofosbuvir as post-exposure prophylaxis for yellow fever-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD).","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkaf195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf195","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and improvement of the disc diffusion method for mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","authors":"Aixin Wang, Pei Liu, Yun Wu, Ruirui Ma, Wei Kang, Yingchun Xu, Yali Liu","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkaf179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Antibiotic susceptibility test for mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa is challenging to conduct using the disc diffusion method based on Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) due to its slow growth. The aim of this study is to compare the suitability of blood MHA versus MHA for disc diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing of mucoid P. aeruginosa and to determine the optimal reporting time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study employed blood MHA for the disc diffusion method, using MHA as a control, and broth microdilution as a reference method. We tested 60 mucoid P. aeruginosa strains on both media types, with results assessed at 16, 18, 20, 24 and 48 hours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated that the interpretive categories determined by using blood MHA were comparable to those obtained with standard MHA. Notably, compared with the reference method, the categorical agreement for the blood MHA at multiple time points was significantly better than that for the standard MHA. For most tested antibiotics, results could be reliably interpreted at 20-24 hours by using blood MHA, with 24 hours being the optimal interpretation time. Results for quinolones particularly levofloxacin, were unacceptable when compared with reference methods. Additionally, the study found that blood agar and chocolate agar could help reduce the expression of mucus and accelerate its growth rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, the blood MHA can serve as a substitute for the MHA, with an optimal interpretation time of 24 hours.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of ceftriaxone 2 g versus 1 g daily in hospitalized patients with pneumonia: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Jumpei Taniguchi, Shotaro Aso, Hiroki Matsui, Kiyohide Fushimi, Hideo Yasunaga","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkaf189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Ceftriaxone is widely used for hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia, but its optimal dosage remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively identified patients diagnosed with pneumonia between July 2010 and March 2022 from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database in Japan. They were categorized into those receiving 2 or 1 g/day of ceftriaxone within the first 2 days of hospitalization. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes included overall adverse events (composite of biliary tract infection, Clostridioides difficile infection and allergic reactions) and each adverse event. A subgroup analysis was conducted for patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Propensity-score overlap-weighting analysis was used for comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 471 694 eligible patients, 63.3% received 2 g/day and 36.7% received 1 g/day of ceftriaxone. Propensity-score analysis showed no significant difference in 30-day in-hospital mortality between the two groups [4.5% versus 4.6%; risk difference (RD), -0.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.3% to 0.1%; P = 0.219]. Overall adverse events were slightly higher in the 2 g/day group (1.9% versus 1.8%; RD, 0.1%; 95% CI, 0.0%-0.2%; P = 0.007), particularly the proportion of C. difficile infection. In the subgroup analysis of patients requiring mechanical ventilation, the 2 g/day regimen was associated with lower 30-day mortality (17.2% versus 20.4%; RD, -3.2%; 95% CI, -5.6% to -0.9%; P = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While a ceftriaxone dose exceeding 1 g/day may not be necessary for routine pneumonia treatment, a 2 g/day regimen may be considered for patients with severe pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of disc diffusion testing and molecular epidemiology of penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.","authors":"Pernilla Kihlberg, Thor Bech Johannesen, Marc Stegger, Sara Cajander, Bo Söderquist","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkaf187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent studies have reported an increasing prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (PSSA) worldwide. The reliability of disc diffusion testing for detecting penicillin-resistance has been questioned, and the molecular epidemiology of PSSA has not been studied to the same extent as that of MRSA strains.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the reliability of the disc diffusion method for detecting penicillin-resistance in S. aureus, and to examine the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of PSSA in bloodstream infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 258 bacteraemic isolates obtained from one geographic region in Sweden during 2018-2019 were analysed using the disc diffusion test to detect penicillin-resistance, and genome sequenced to examine the prevalence of the blaZ gene and the molecular epidemiology of PSSA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phenotypic susceptibility to penicillin correlated strongly with the absence of the blaZ gene, with nearly 98% concordance. The prevalence of PSSA among patients with bacteraemia was 35.1%, highlighting the need for penicillin-susceptibility testing. Additionally, population structure analyses revealed substantial genetic diversity, underscoring the complexity of the PSSA epidemiology. The PSSA belonged to diverse clonal lineages, with CC5 and CC45 dominating our cohort, similar to findings in Spain, Australia, and other parts of Sweden. However, our study revealed a higher prevalence of CC12 compared with other regions, underscoring the importance of local epidemiological surveillance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings validate the reliability of EUCAST's disc diffusion method, showing a high prevalence of PSSA, and provide insight into the genetic underpinnings of penicillin-susceptibility in S. aureus.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oleanolic acid derivative bardoxolone combats multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by destroying cell membrane and pyruvate metabolism pathway.","authors":"Yun-Dan Zheng, Jiayi Xu, Jiayi Wu, Tairan Zhong, Qing-Yu He, Xuesong Sun","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkaf190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Staphylococcus aureus poses a significant threat to human health, making it imperative to develop novel antimicrobial agents to combat infections caused by this pathogen.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and elucidate the mechanism of bardoxolone as a potential agent against multidrug-resistant S. aureus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Natural products and their derivatives were systematically evaluated for antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of bardoxolone was assessed in vitro against planktonic bacteria, internalized bacteria and biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant S. aureus, as well as in vivo using mouse pneumonia and thigh abscess infection models. The underlying antibacterial mechanisms were investigated through quantitative proteomics and a series of biochemical assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bardoxolone exhibited potent antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus and other Gram-positive pathogens. It demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against internalized and biofilm-associated multidrug-resistant S. aureus, showing low resistance potential. In murine infection models, treatment significantly enhanced survival rates while reducing bacterial burden and attenuating inflammatory responses in pulmonary and femoral tissues. Mechanistic analyses revealed dual antibacterial actions: membrane integrity disruption and suppression of pyruvate metabolism, manifesting as diminished activity of pivotal enzymes, reduced acetyl-CoA/ATP synthesis and consequent growth inhibition of S. aureus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that bardoxolone holds promise as a candidate drug for treating refractory multidrug-resistant S. aureus infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liposomal amphotericin B prophylaxis in paediatrics: a systematic review.","authors":"Emma V Thorley, Jennifer Hatch, Monica Li, Sharlene N Mashida, Elio Castagnola, Alessio Mesini, Thomas Lehrnbecher, Andreas H Groll, Adilia Warris, Laura Ferreras-Antolin","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkaf171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) is widely used for prophylaxis in paediatric patients at high risk of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) but its use is off-label and there is significant variability in dosage and frequency. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the published data on prophylactic LAmB use in the paediatric population and to present the reported proportions of breakthrough IFD and the associated toxicity profile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane Database were systematically searched for primary research reporting on the use of LAmB as prophylaxis for IFD in the paediatric population up to 7 December 2023, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty studies, comprising three clinical trials, 12 cohort studies, two point-prevalence surveys and three pharmacokinetic (PK) studies, with 2015 patients were included. A total of 717 cases presented individual patient data. Breakthrough IFD occurred in 7.2% (49/676). The most recognized side effects were hypokalaemia in 23.2% (125/538) and derangement of liver function tests in 15.0% (49/327). Discontinuation due to toxicity occurred in 6.0% (30/503) of patients. Of the four studies reporting PK data, two examined serum levels of LAmB, one analysed CSF levels and the remaining study peritoneal levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite widespread use of prophylactic LAmB, this systematic review highlights the paucity of paediatric data supporting its use. The heterogeneity observed in populations, dosing regimens and study design prevents conclusions being reached on its efficacy or the superiority of one dosing regimen. Overall, there is a clear need for further high-quality robust clinical data and targeted PK studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV-1 drug resistance among people living with HIV receiving dolutegravir-based anti-retroviral regimens in Uganda: a national laboratory-based survey using remnant viral load samples, 2022.","authors":"Christine Watera, Juliana de Fatima Da Silva, Grace Namayanja, Juliet Nkugwa Asio, Deogratius Ssemwanga, Sherri Pals, Miriam Nabukenya, Elliot Raizes, Maria Nanyonjo, Bill Elur, Esther Nazziwa, Grace Sanyu, Alisen Ayitewala, Mina Ssali, Cordelia Katureebe, Hudson Balidawa, Du-Ping Zheng, Clement Zeh, Stephanie Hackett, Christina Mwangi, Mary Naluguza, Jonathan Ntale, Edward Katongole Mbidde, Pontiano Kaleebu","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkaf180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Uganda adopted dolutegravir as its preferred HIV treatment regimen in the national guidelines for treatment of HIV and AIDS in 2018. We conducted a survey to estimate dolutegravir resistance 4 years post-dolutegravir introduction in routine clinical settings. This was a cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) to dolutegravir among children and adults with viral non-suppression (VNS; ≥1000 copies/mL) receiving dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy for at least 9 months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used remnant specimens from routine viral load monitoring stored at Central Public Health Laboratories during February-April 2022. Genotyping of the protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase regions of the HIV-1 pol gene was done using Thermo Fisher® kits and analysed using the Stanford HIVDR database. Weighted prevalences of HIVDR with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for adults (≥15 years) and children (0-14 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We randomly selected 857 specimens including 457 from adults and 400 from children for HIVDR testing from 3578 eligible specimens collected during February-April 2022. Five hundred and eleven (59.6%) were successfully genotyped in the integrase region. Intermediate- to high-level dolutegravir HIVDR prevalence was 3.9% (CI: 0.7, 7.1) for adults and 6.6% (CI: 3.5, 9.6) for children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIVDR to dolutegravir was uncommon but present among both children and adults with VNS after 9 months or more of exposure to dolutegravir. Additional longitudinal outcomes data are needed to determine if adherence counselling for patients with VNS on dolutegravir regimens might improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}