Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Ghee, Olive Oil and Margarine on Male Rabbit Fertility and Reproductive Hormones","authors":"Adel R. Shaat,&nbsp;Kadry M. Sadek,&nbsp;Sahar F. Mahmoud,&nbsp;Hamida Saleh,&nbsp;Samy Sayed,&nbsp;Mustafa Shukry,&nbsp;Heba I. Ghamry,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Zeweil","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14071","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14071","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present investigation, the impact of natural ghee, olive oil and synthetic margarine on the fertility parameters of male rabbits was evaluated by examining semen quality, fertility hormones, antioxidant markers, lipid profile, and liver and kidney functions. Eighty male rabbits were randomly allotted into four groups (20 rabbits each, four replicates/group). The basal diet supplemented the control group; the margarine group was fed a 10% margarine diet, the ghee group was fed a 10% ghee diet, and the olive oil group was fed a 10% olive oil diet. In the margarine group, the semen quality parameters, total testosterone levels, free testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and antioxidant enzyme levels as catalase showed a significant reduction compared to other groups. At the same time, they were enhanced in ghee and olive oil groups. A substantial increase of triglyceride (TAG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol, with a decrease of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, were observed in the margarine group contrasted to ghee and olive oil groups. The ghee and the olive oil-treated group showed strong immunoreactions of androgen, FSH, LH receptors and mild caspase 3 in testicular tissue compared to the margarine-treated group. Finally, histopathological examination of rabbit testicular tissue showed proliferation of basal spermatogenic cells, increased luminal spermatid of seminiferous epithelium, and proliferation of interstitial cells in normal interstitial tissue in the ghee and olive oil treated group. Still, it showed severe vacuolation and necrosis in the basal luminal seminiferous epithelium and congestion of blood vessels in the margarine group. This present study revealed that the health influence of olive oil and ghee is better than margarine on male fertility parameters.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"533-550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asiatic Acid Alleviates LPS-Induced Pyroptosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis via Inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Pathway in Broiler Hepatocytes","authors":"Wenyue Qiu,&nbsp;Wenxin Jiang,&nbsp;Yiman Su,&nbsp;Hui Huang,&nbsp;Jiali Ye,&nbsp;Rongmei Wang,&nbsp;Zhaoxin Tang,&nbsp;Rongsheng Su","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14070","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is the major compoent of Gram-negative bacteria and an important factor in inducing inflammation, which usually leads to multiple organ failure in broilers, seriously affecting the growth performance of broilers and hindering the development of poultry farming. Under the policy of prohibiting antibiotics in feed, it has become more urgent to find natural drugs to prevent liver damage caused by LPS in broilers. Asiatic acid (AA) is a pentacyclic triterpene that has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the protective effects of AA in LPS-induced liver damage in broilers still need to be clarified. This study aims to explore the complete mechanism of AA against LPS-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in broilers. A total of 60 broilers (1 day old) were randomly divided into the control group, LPS group, LPS+AA (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg) group and control+AA (60 mg/kg) group. At 16, 18 and 20 days of age, the broilers were attacked with LPS (0.5 mg/kg) to construct liver injury model. H&amp;E staining assessed liver pathological changes. The mRNA and protein expression levels related to the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, pyroptosis, and ERS-mediated apoptosis in the liver tissue were detected. Our results founded that intraperitoneal injection of LPS in broilers increased the activities of AST and ALT, as well as raising the related gene and protein expression of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, pyroptosis, and ERS-mediated apoptosis. Interestingly, AA improved LPS-induced liver damage and decreased the activities of AST and ALT in broilers. Additionally, AA mitigated LPS-induced ALI by reducing the mRNA levels and protein expressions of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, pyroptosis and ERS-mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study investigated that AA mitigated LPS-induced ALI in broilers by reducing pyroptosis and ERS-mediated apoptosis via inhibition of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Therefore, AA may serve as a potential feed additive for the prevention of LPS-induced ALI in broilers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"508-520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Butaphosphan and Cyanocobalamin on the Metabolic Profile, Oxidative Stress and Prophylaxis of Ovine Pregnancy Toxemia","authors":"Raja Iqbal,&nbsp;Shafayat Ahmad Beigh,&nbsp;Mehak Nisar,&nbsp;Abdul Qayoom Mir,&nbsp;Syed Ashaq Hussain,&nbsp;Aijaz Ahmad Dar,&nbsp;Amatul Muhee","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14069","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin (BC) on the metabolic profile, oxidative stress in Kashmiri merino ewes and its effect on the prophylaxis of Ovine pregnancy toxemia (PT). A total of 48 ewes were randomly divided into three groups, each consisting of 16 ewes. High dose BC (HBC): Ewes were given 0.2 mL BC/kg body weight, subcutaneously (SC) weekly from 6 weeks pre-lambing to lambing. Low dose BC (LBC): Ewes were given 0.1 mL BC/kg body weight, SC weekly from 6 weeks pre-lambing to lambing. No BC (CON): Ewes were given 0.2 mL normal saline/kg body weight, SC. Weekly from six pre-lambing to lambing. A significant effect of treatment was observed on non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA; <i>p</i> = 0.06), beta hydroxybutyric acid (β-HBA, <i>p</i> = 0.008), fructosamine (<i>p</i> = 0.034) and oxidative stress indices (OSI; <i>p</i> = 0.026) with less NEFA, β-HBA, OSI and more fructosamine levels in HBC followed by LBC. The BC did not affect glucose, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total antioxidant capacity, calcium and phosphorus however a significant difference was observed along the sampling time in all the three groups. Plasma triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase and total oxidant status levels showed a significant treatment-time interaction. Taking 0.8 mmol/L β-HBA as the cutoff limit for subclinical PT, only HBC was able to significantly control PT at 3 weeks pre-lambing (OR; 5.57; <i>p</i> = 0.035), at 2 weeks pre-lambing (OR: 9.53; <i>p</i> = 0.007), at 1-week pre-lambing (OR: 6.60; <i>p</i> = 0.017) and at lambing (OR: 5.57; <i>p</i> = 0.035). In conclusion, there was a positive effect of BC treatment on the energy metabolism in pregnant ewes and it helped in the amelioration of oxidative stress and hence can be used in the prophylaxis of PT.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"495-507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Plasma Metabolites and Basal Ileal Endogenous Amino Acid Losses in Growing Pigs Fed a Nitrogen-Free or Casein Diet","authors":"Iris Elisa Ávila-Arres,&nbsp;Tércia Cesária Reis De Souza,&nbsp;Ericka Ramírez-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Gerardo Mariscal-Landín","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14067","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The nitrogen-free diet (NFD) method for determining basal ileal endogenous losses (BEL) of amino acids (AA) has been associated with different metabolic abnormalities that can affect the accurate determination of BEL. Consequently, the use of highly digestible proteins has been suggested. This study aimed to determine the metabolic status and BEL of AA in pigs fed either an NFD or a casein (CAS) diet. Eight cannulated, castrated male pigs (39.8 kg) were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 crossover design. An NFD diet based on corn starch, dextrose, cellulose, oil, vitamins and minerals was used. The CAS diet was equivalent, but 18% of the corn starch was replaced with casein. Pigs were fed one of the diets for a 7-day period, and blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of each period to determine plasma metabolites. Ileal digesta samples were collected on Days 6 and 7 to estimate the BEL of the AA. Results indicated that plasma albumin was significantly higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed the CAS diet, whereas creatinine and LDL levels were higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.03) in pigs fed the NFD. No significant differences were observed in the levels of other plasma metabolites. The BEL of protein did not differ between diets. However, in pigs fed the CAS diet, the BEL of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, glycine, histidine, threonine, alanine, tyrosine and valine significantly increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while isoleucine showed a tendency to increase (<i>p</i> = 0.06). In conclusion, NFD did not significantly affect energy and lipid metabolism in pigs. However, the decrease in albumin synthesis and increase in plasma creatinine levels indicate that pigs fed NFD have a negative protein balance, affecting the estimation of the BEL of AA. Therefore, it is essential to consider the metabolic state of animals when estimating the BEL of AA.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"487-494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Shrimp Waste Added to Broiler Diets on Growth Performance, Slaughter and Carcass Characteristics, Intestinal Morphology, Bone Traits, and Fatty Acids in the Meat","authors":"Esin Ebru Onbaşılar,&nbsp;Umut Can Gündoğar,&nbsp;Hilal Çapar Akyüz,&nbsp;Sakine Yalçın,&nbsp;Ozan Ahlat,&nbsp;Banu Yüceer Özkul,&nbsp;Berkay Çelebi,&nbsp;Atakan Bundur,&nbsp;Emre Sunay Gebeş,&nbsp;Necmettin Ünal,&nbsp;Ceyhan Özbeyaz","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14064","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recycling animal waste is crucial for the circular economy, promoting environmental and sustainability. This study aimed to assess the impact of shrimp waste added to broiler diets on growth performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology, bone traits, and fatty acids in the meat. In the study, 315 ROSS-308 male broiler chicks were utilised as the animal subjects. The experiment consisted of five groups based on the timing and amount of shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>) waste addition to their diet (Control [C], 1% added the first 11 days [1% FED], 1% added during fattening [1% DF], 2% added during the first 11 days [2% FED], 2% added during fattening [2% DF]). The differences in body weight, body weight gain, total feed intake and total feed conversion ratio, carcass parameters, relative internal organ weights, and fatty acids of thigh and breast meat among the groups were found to be statistically insignificant (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The addition of shrimp waste to the diet only significantly affected the VH/CD ratio in the jejunum, with the C group showing a lower ratio (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Adding shrimp waste to the diet only affected the seedor index of the femur among the characteristics of the leg bones, and an interaction between the period and the group was observed for this trait (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). According to the results, up to 2% shrimp waste can be added to the diet without adversely affecting broiler performance, carcass quality, villus and bone properties, and fatty acid composition. The use of shrimp waste in feed can benefit the broiler industry and protect to environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"477-486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.14064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Performance and Microbial Activity Positively Responded to Interactive Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Young Holstein Dairy Calves","authors":"Vahid Mahmoudi,&nbsp;Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari,&nbsp;Mehdi Hossein Yazdi,&nbsp;Mehdi Mirzaei","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We hypothesized that nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), as two pivotal nutrients that contributed to the growth of growing animals, may have interactive effect on growth performance and microbial development in young calves. For this purpose, feeding two starter protein contents (20% [20CP] vs. 24% [24CP], DM basis) and two phosphorus supplementation levels (0.35% [0.35P] and 0.70% [0.7P], DM basis) was evaluated on growth performance, health indicators, digestibility of nutrients and microbial protein synthesis (MPS), the latter estimated from urinary purine derivatives (PDs). Forty-eight female Holstein calves (3 days of age) were assigned randomly to the following treatments: 20CP-0.35P, 20CP-0.7P, 24CP-0.35P and 24CP-0.7P (<i>n</i> = 12, each). Milk feeding schedule was identical among treatments until weaning (d 59), but study lasted until d 73. Feeding 24CP compared to 20CP diet tended to improve starter intake, increased average daily gain (ADG) during pre-weaning period (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and final body weight (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Higher P supplementation has marginal effect on starter intake but improved ADG (pre-weaning; <i>p</i> = 0.02) and microbial activity by greater MPS (<i>p</i> = 0.02) compared to 0.35P. The greatest starter intake, the most favourable general appearance score, the highest withers height, the highest hip height, the greatest organic matter and neutral detergent digestibility, and the greatest MPS were found when calves fed diets contained 24CP along with 0.7P in starter. Based on the current study results, N and P have separate effects on the growth performance of young calves; however, their positive interaction can be attributable to growth performance and microbial development, especially during the pre-weaning period.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"467-476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Metabolizable Amino Acids and Energy Requirements and Development of Mathematical Models to Predict Average Daily Gain for Beef Cattle","authors":"Jiaqi Wang,&nbsp;Chun Shen,&nbsp;Guangyong Zhao,&nbsp;Meng M. Li","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14065","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to estimate metabolizable energy (ME), protein (MP) and amino acids (MAA) requirements for maintenance and growth, and to develop a mathematical model to predict ADG for beef cattle using a meta-regression approach. A data set including 91 sources of literature with 385 treatments was assembled after data collection and screening. To estimate nutrient requirements for maintenance and growth, metabolizable nutrient intakes were regressed on metabolic body weight (MBW) and ADG using a mixed model with a random study effect. A multiple linear regression model was derived to predict ADG using MBW and nutrient intakes as independent variables. The random forest analysis was used to identify the importance of independent variables associated with ADG and compare it with the multiple linear regression model. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by Monte−Carlo cross-evaluation. The ME and MP requirements for maintenance were 0.56 MJ/BW^0.75 and 4.31 g/BW^0.75. The maintenance requirements of metabolizable arginine (Arg), histidine (His), isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), threonine (Thr), tryptophan (Trp), phenylalanine (Phe), valine (Val) and total AA were 0.044, 0.073, 0.013, 0.13, 0.10, 0.024, 0.075, 0.026, 0.088, 0.11 and 0.76 g/BW^0.75. The estimated ME and MP requirements for growth were 45.8 MJ/kg ADG and 398.7 g/kg ADG. The growth requirements of metabolizable Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Phe, Val and total AA were 4.5, 6.4, 7.3, 24.0, 2.9, 2.4, 6.1, 1.7, 9.5, 9.3 and 74.5 g/kg ADG. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that ADG was positively correlated with intakes of ME, ether extract, starch and Trp (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The results of the Monte−Carlo cross-evaluation showed that the multiple regression model was more accurate in predicting ADG than the random forest model. ME and MP requirements for maintenance are consistent with previous studies, but requirements for growth tend to be overestimated. Future studies are needed to evaluate MAA requirements. An accurate model was developed to predict ADG, offering a theoretical basis and guidance to improve growth performance and feed conversion efficiency for beef cattle.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"456-466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Growth Performance, Haematological Parameters and Serum Biochemistry of the Flathead Grey Mullet Mugil cephalus Under Recirculating Aquaculture System and Traditional Culture Systems","authors":"Mohamed F. Badran,&nbsp;Mervat A. M. Ali,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Yusuf","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14062","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present investigation explored the growth performance, haematological parameters and serum biochemistry of flathead grey mullet under recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and traditional culture systems. Nine hundred healthy fish, weighing 43.80 ± 3.55 g and length 16.54 ± 0.82 cm were randomly distributed to three treatments of RAS and traditional culture systems (T₁: 20% of water changed daily; T₂: once-through system 250 L/h; T₃: RAS—20% of water changed weekly) in nine concrete tanks of 4000 L at stocking density of 100 fish/tank and each treatment had three replicates. Fish were fed (33.1% crude protein, 3 mm pellets) twice a day at a rate of 3% for 12 weeks. These findings suggest that the T₃ followed by T₂ led to notable improvements in growth performance compared to other culture systems. Significantly elevated values of weight gain, length gain, specific growth rate, average daily gain and survival % were observed in T₃. The RBCs exhibited a significant decrease under T₂. Haemoglobin concentrations and WBC counts significantly increased under RAS. Significant values of mean cell haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration were recorded in T₂. Total protein, albumin and globulin enhanced significantly under RAS, whereas the highest values of cortisol were observed in T₂ and T₃. These findings demonstrate that the RAS followed by once-through system significantly improve growth performance, feed efficiency and survival, as well as enhancing the haematology and serum biochemical status of flathead grey mullet. In conclusion, RAS provides ideal conditions for optimizing physiological functions, growth performance and fish health.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"449-455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Protein/Carbohydrate Ratio in the Diet Affects Zootechnical Performance and the Regulation of Intermediary Metabolism in Juveniles Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)","authors":"Gabriela Castellani Carli,&nbsp;Mariana Palma,&nbsp;Thaise Mota Satiro,&nbsp;Hugo Henrique D'Amore Soares,&nbsp;Jeisson Emerson Casimiro Ferrari,&nbsp;Ivan Viegas,&nbsp;Leonardo Susumu Takahashi","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14060","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of carbohydrates in animal feed is a way to save protein in the diet. This study evaluated the effect of protein/starch ratio on the performance, hepatic metabolism, and body composition of juvenile tambaqui (<i>Colossoma macropomum</i>). Six isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated containing three levels of digestible protein (P: 230, 260 and 290 g kg⁻¹) and two levels of starch (S: 180 and 280 g kg⁻¹): P23S18, P23S28, P26S18, P26S28, P29S18 and P29S28. Juveniles tambaqui (<i>N</i> = 288; initial weight = 30.0 ± 3.8 g) were fed experimental diets for 90 days and the zootechnical performance was evaluated. Nine fish from each treatment group were sampled to determine somatic indices, blood metabolites, tissue energy reserves, body composition and activity of key hepatic enzymes. Blood triglycerides, hepatosomatic index, liver and muscle lipids, and hepatic glycogen increased significantly with starch while blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol, muscle lipids were significantly impacted by protein levels. Fish-fed S28 had increased feed intake (1714–1829 g; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and fish-fed diet P26S18 had a higher protein efficiency rate (23.62%; <i>p</i> = 0.0356). Fish fed P23 had lower crude protein retention in the carcass (<i>p</i> = 0.0018) and high lipogenesis and lipid deposition in the muscle (<i>p</i> = 0.0069). These results suggest that dietary carbohydrates have a protein-sparing effect. Tambaqui adapted well to diets containing starch, even at higher levels, resulting in an overall increase in lipogenesis from S18 to S28. Thus, we recommend P26S18 as a cost-effective feed that ensures both zootechnical performance and quality of the final product.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"423-436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant Capacity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) Essential Oil and Its Effect on In Vivo Fertility of Rams Subjected to Testicle Heat Stress","authors":"Samia Khnissi,&nbsp;Imène Ben Salem,&nbsp;Bochra Bejaoui,&nbsp;Sami Fattouch,&nbsp;Souha ben Mustapha,&nbsp;Rami Haj-Kacem,&nbsp;Naceur M'Hamdi,&nbsp;Patrick Martin,&nbsp;Maria Dattena,&nbsp;Narjess Lassoued","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14063","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The detrimental effects of hyperthermia on the testes and the protective effect of thyme essential oil against testicular damage induced by this stress in rams were studied. Twenty-four rams of the Barbarine breed with an average weight of 62.5 ± 0.3 kg and an average age of 24 ± 0.6 months. The experiment consisted of inducing localized heat stress on the first group of rams by applying heat bags to both testicles of six rams (G s). The second group underwent the same heat stress on the testes but received orally 100 µL/day/animal of thyme essential oil (G s-he). A positive control did not undergo stress but received thyme essential oil (G he) with the same doses as the (G s-he) group, and the negative control did not undergo either stress or receive the essential oil of thyme (G c). One hundred twenty-eight adult ewes of the same breed divided into four groups of 32 ewes were used to study the effect of different treatments on the in vivo ram's fertility. Ewes are synchronized and we have applied natural mating with oestrus control, the reproduction balance sheet is calculated after lambing. The results showed that tests of heat stress (HS) negatively affect semen quality but did not cause infertility. However, neither tests for heat stress nor treatment with thyme EO significantly affected the haematological profile. The study of the effect of heat stress on the testes on fertility in vivo showed a drop in the number of females who were fertilized at the first oestrus and consequently a drop in fertility. However, the rams that suffered the same stress but were treated with EO thymus recorded an improvement in these parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"437-448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.14063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}