Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Astragalus Polysaccharides Enhance Broiler Performance Through Antioxidant Modulation and Gut Health Improvement: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Xin Feng,&nbsp;Lijun Ou,&nbsp;Jie Tang,&nbsp;Yanrong Jing,&nbsp;Rong Hua","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The restrictions on antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production make the exploration of safe and effective alternatives necessary. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), as bioactive macromolecules, have attracted significant interest from poultry scientists. In the current study, a multilevel meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the effects of APS administration on broiler performance, antioxidant status, and gut health. The results revealed that APS supplementation significantly improved average daily gain (ADG; SMD = 0.64 [0.13, 1.15]) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; SMD = −1.20 [−2.03, −0.35]) of broilers. The observed benefits directly correlated with increased superoxide dismutase activity (SOD; SMD = 1.35 [0.78, 1.92]) and decreased malondialdehyde levels (MDA; SMD = −1.07 [−1.54, −0.60]). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that dietary supplementation was more effective than injection for improving ADG and the villus height to crypt depth ratio (VCratio), indicating the importance of direct gut-level interaction of APS. Nonlinear dose–response modelling identified an optimal dietary APS range of 1000−1500 mg/kg for maximising growth and antioxidant parameters. This meta-analysis suggests that APS shows promise as an antibiotic alternative for improving broiler growth performance, warranting further direct comparative studies with antibiotics. In addition, further large-scale trials are required to confirm its consistent efficacy on gut health and microbial composition due to substantial heterogeneity in current datasets.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 2","pages":"225-236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145654342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propolis as a Growth Stimulant for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Juveniles","authors":"Taha Ismail,&nbsp;Elsayed Hegazi","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Propolis, a natural resinous compound with bioactive properties, has gained attention as a potential growth stimulant in aquaculture. This study investigated the effects of dietary propolis supplementation on growth performance, molecular biomarkers, intestinal histomorphometry, and digestive enzyme activity in tilapia juveniles (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>), and saved 50% of the amount of fish meal used in feed. A total of 210 fish (15.55 ± 0.21 g) were distributed into 21 aquaria and fed six isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isocaloric (1820 kJ/kg) diets containing graded propolis levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g/kg) for 86 days. We added two controls for the experiment, the first to assess propolis efficiency with and without its supplementation, and the second to monitor its plant-based protein substitution ability of 50% fish meal. Results indicated that 0.4% and 0.6% propolis supplementation significantly enhanced growth metrics, including final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio, comparable to the control (B) diet (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Propolis inclusion also improved protease and amylase activities, with the highest enzymatic activity observed at 0.4% supplementation. Molecular analysis revealed upregulation of hepatic <i>IGF-1</i> gene expression in the 0.6% propolis group, suggesting enhanced growth potential. Intestinal histomorphometry demonstrated increased villus height, width, and surface area in propolis-fed fish, indicating improved nutrient absorption. Furthermore, whole-body proximate analysis showed optimised protein deposition in 0.4% and 0.6% treated groups. These findings suggest that propolis at 0.4%–0.6% dietary inclusion can increase the effectiveness of plant protein mixture to replace half amount of dietary fishmeal, enhance digestive efficiency, and stimulate growth in tilapia juveniles, offering a sustainable alternative for aquaculture feed optimisation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 2","pages":"177-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145426820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of in-ovo Manganese Inoculation on Hatchability, Serum and Molecular Levels of Antioxidants, Bone Development, and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicks","authors":"Saad N. El-Shater,&nbsp;Gamal A. Swielim,&nbsp;Ayman Tolba,&nbsp;Mahmoud Gamal,&nbsp;Hamdy M. B. A. Zaki,&nbsp;Khaled Abo-EL-Sooud","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the influence of in-ovo injection of manganese (Mn) on hatchability, hatching weight, bone development and mineralisation, meat quality of breast and thigh, and also the serum and molecular levels of some antioxidants in the post-hatched chicks. About 350 fertile eggs were collected from a Hubbard efficiency plus breeder's flock of 42 weeks old, incubated at normal setting temperature (37.5°C) and relative humidity (RH 60%), and randomly allocated into three treatments. The eggs were labelled and randomly assembled into three groups with four replicates, and 25 eggs each. The treatment was designed as a control non-inoculated group (CN), a vehicle-inoculated group (CP, inoculated with 0.1 mL physiological saline), and a Mn-inoculated group (0.01 mg/egg, dissolved in 0.1 mL physiological saline). The site of injection was the air cell at the broad end of the eggs on the 12th day of incubation. On the day of the hatch, the rate and the hatchling's weight were recorded. The serum-reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were assessed in 7-day-old chicks. On the molecular level, qRT-PCR for nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes was performed in the breast skeletal muscles at post-hatch day 7. Femur proximal metaphysis histo-morphometric analysis was done with computerised morphometric measurements. The thigh and breast meat quality were evaluated. In-ovo inoculation of organic manganese (Mn) showed no significant adverse effects on hatchability (<i>p</i> = 0.51), hatchling weight (<i>p</i> = 0.93), or mortality during the rearing period (<i>p</i> = 0.67). Conversely, Mn supplementation significantly enhanced bone mineralisation and upregulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes, including SOD (<i>p</i> = 0.027) and Nrf2 (<i>p</i> = 0.018), in muscle tissue. Furthermore, in-ovo Mn administration contributed to improved meat quality by significantly reducing fat content (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and pH (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), while increasing ash content (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), potentially extending the shelf life of broiler meat.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 2","pages":"189-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145549405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extruded Corn and β-Mannanase Addition Reveal Comparable Growth Rate, Nutrient Utilization and Reduced Fecal Score in Growing Pigs","authors":"Vetriselvi Sampath,&nbsp;In Ho Kim","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of the present experiments was to investigate the comparative effect of β-mannanase and extruded corn on growing pigs' performance. A total of 84 [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] pigs with a mean body weight of 29.20 kg were used in 42-day trial. Pigs were randomly allotted to 3 treatment groups and the test diets were as follows: CON (corn soybean basal diet, non-extruded), TRT1 (CON plus 0.1% β-mannanase), and TRT2 (6% extruded corn). There were seven replicates/trt with four pigs (two gilts and two barrows)/pen. TRT 1 and TRT 2 group pigs showed significantly higher body weight (BW) at day 42, additionally showed increased daily gain and gain to feed ratio compared to CON at the end of day 5, 42, and the overall experimental period. Moreover, TRT 2 group pigs showed significantly increased nutrient digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen and less diarrhea score compared to CON and TRT 1. In summary, β-mannanase supplement and corn extrusion both are expensive. Balancing the improved efficiency and health outcomes with the associated costs we believe that extrusion corn-based diet could be more effective and economically viable for sustainable livestock production.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 2","pages":"213-217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145633887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximal Lactate Steady State Prediction Using Two DMAX Methods in Horses Subjected to Treadmill-Graded Exercise Test","authors":"Thayssa de Oliveira Littiere,&nbsp;Guilherme Barbosa da Costa,&nbsp;Nathali Adrielli Agassi de Sales,&nbsp;Júlia Ribeiro Garcia de Carvalho,&nbsp;Ivan Dario Martinez Rodriguez,&nbsp;Gabriel Vieira Ramos,&nbsp;José Correa de Lacerda-Neto,&nbsp;Guilherme Camargo Ferraz","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and its predictive thresholds, including the lactate threshold (LT), are widely used to estimate endurance capacity, prescribe training, and assess the effects of training. The human literature identified approximately twenty-five methods to predict the MLSS. This communication compares the concordance between the two D_MAX methods and the MLSS. Under laboratory conditions, ten teaching horses underwent a submaximal graded exercise test (GXT) on a treadmill to obtain their lactate-velocity curves (LVC). They performed three to five 30-min continuous running sessions to determine the MLSS. The traditional D_MAX method was determined using the maximal distance from LVC to the line formed by its endpoints. A new calculated D_MAX method (D_MAXC) involved mathematically determining the point that results in the maximum distance from a curve connecting the start to the endpoint of the LVC. The agreement among the velocities corresponding to the D_MAX (V_MAX), D_MAXC (V_MAXC), and the MLSS (V_MLSS) was established using a Bland-Altman plot and ordinary least products (OLP) analysis. The average lactatemia at V_MLSS, V_MAX, and V_MAXC was 1.50 ± 0.36 mM, 2.02 ± 0.66 mM, and 1.92 ± 0.65 mM, with respective speeds of 5.42 ± 0.57 m/s, 6.42 ± 0.71 m/s, and 6.35 ± 0.66 m/s. The mean difference between V_MAX-V_MLSS and V_MAXC-V_MLSS was -1.01 ± 0.61 and -0.93 ± 0.67 m/s, respectively. V_MAX and V_MAXC did not show constant and proportional biases compared to V_MLSS. In the GXT protocol used in this current study, D_MAX approaches appear to be accurate and reliable methods for lactate threshold determination and estimating MLSS in teaching horses.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 2","pages":"218-224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145633863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Herbal Feed Supplements to Enhance Milk Performance, Immune Function and Antioxidant Indices in Crossbred Cows","authors":"Juli Chakma,&nbsp;Narayan Dutta,&nbsp;Sunil Ekanath Jadhav,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Divyaprakash Choravada,&nbsp;Abhijeet Champati,&nbsp;Sonali Namdeo,&nbsp;Navneet Kaur","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70036","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the effect of adding herbal supplements in the diets of post-partum crossbred cows (Vrindabani cattle; 59.6 ± 0.73 days post-partum) of second to fourth parity (3.1 ± 0.15) on milk yield, milk quality, immune function and antioxidant status. Twenty-four cows were randomly assigned to four groups in a completely randomized design. While the cows in HP, HPL and HEX groups received diets blended with herbal powder (200 gd⁻¹), herbal pellets (200 gd⁻¹) and methanolic herbal extract (equal to 200 g herbal powder d⁻¹), respectively, the cows in the CON group fed a diet consisting of green fodder, concentrate and wheat straw to meet the requirements for maintenance and milk production (ICAR 2013). The total duration of the experiment was of 120 days. Milk samples were collected fortnightly from each cow to study the udder health, milk composition and quality parameters. Serum antioxidant indices, immunity and mRNA expression of genes (LEP and GHRL) were ascertained. Daily milk yield, 4% Fat corrected milk (FCM), Energy corrected milk (ECM), total milk yield, fat, protein yields and pH were analogous irrespective of treatments, while Diphenyl Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) value of milk was higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) in treatment groups. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and flavonoids of milk were higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) in HEX and HP group relative to CON, however, HPL has transitional position. Somatic cell counts in milk were noticeably (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) lower in HPL and HEX than CON. The clinical scoring of milk was noticeably (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) lower in HP and HPL groups. The cell mediated (CM) immunity was higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in HPL. Serum Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), Glutathione-S-Reductase (GSR) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) were noticeably (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) higher in HPL, HEX and HP groups relative to CON. LPO was decreased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in HPL and HP groups relative to CON. The serum TAC (%) was higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) in treatment groups than CON. The expression of LEP and GHRL gene remained unaffected. It can be deduced that herbal feed supplements in HPL and HP forms in the diet of post-partum cows were found to be promising as a strategy to bolster their overall health status, strengthen immune function and potentially elevate milk quality.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 2","pages":"270-289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145762886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Essential Minerals and Heavy Metals in Canine and Feline Dietary Supplements Marketed in the United States.","authors":"Taryn K Pestalozzi, Andrea J Fascetti, Jennifer A Larsen","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy metals have been documented in dietary supplements for people and animals. Cadmium, selenium, lead, and mercury are of particular concern. Our objective was to determine the concentrations of five essential minerals and 12 heavy metals in 70 canine and feline dietary supplements, and to evaluate potential toxicity risks. Our secondary objective was to compare the analysed concentrations to the content claims on product labels. Samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Concentrations were compared to maximum tolerable levels (MTL) established by the National Research Council. Beryllium, mercury, and thallium were not detected in any supplements. The most prevalent essential mineral was zinc (68 products). The most prevalent heavy metal was nickel (66 products); lead was detected in 16 supplements (median 0.145 mg/kg; 0.1-3.7 mg/kg) and cadmium was detected in 10 supplements (median 0.115 mg/kg; 0.1-1.5 mg/kg). Selenium, an essential nutrient with a narrow margin of safety, was detected in 52 samples (median 0.32 mg/kg; 0.1-14.0 mg/kg) but only declared as an ingredient in 10 products. Of 18 supplements with label claims for one or more of the minerals analysed, eight did not meet one or more claims. None of the analysed supplements exceeded the MTL for any mineral, suggesting that the risks are low when following label directions. However, species-specific MTL data are lacking for many minerals in dogs and cats, necessitating extrapolation with safety factors. More research is needed to characterise the risks of chronically high intakes of minerals by dogs and cats. Data presented as an oral abstract at the American Academy of Veterinary Nutrition 24th Annual Clinical Nutrition & Research Symposium and the 28th European Society of Veterinary & Comparative Nutrition Congress 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147325973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 3","pages":"410-416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148091161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 3","pages":"398-409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148091160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 3","pages":"417-426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148091162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}