Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the combination efficiency of some unconventional feed resources with concentrates and Chloris gayana grass in mitigating ruminal methane production in vitro","authors":"Aberra Melesse,&nbsp;Herbert Steingass,&nbsp;Julia Holstein,&nbsp;Natascha Titze,&nbsp;Markus Rodehutscord","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14015","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In a preliminary in vitro study, leaves of <i>Acacia nilotica</i>, <i>Prosopis juliflora</i>, <i>Cajanus cajan</i>, <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> and seed kernel of <i>Mangifera indica</i> were identified as potential candidates in mitigating ruminal methane (CH₄) production. The objective of the current study was to investigate the combination efficiency of these unconventional feeds with concentrate mix (CM) or <i>Chloris gayana</i> grass in CH₄ reduction. Two feed combinations in different proportions were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid at Hohenheim Gas test. In combination 1, <i>C. gayana</i> and CM were included as basal substrates, while in combination 2, <i>A. nilotica</i>, <i>P. juliflora</i>, <i>C. cajan</i>, <i>L. leucocephala</i> or <i>M. indica</i> seed kernel were included as CH₄ reducing supplements at different proportions. The CH₄ reducing potentials of feed combinations were presented as the ratio of CH₄ to net gas production and expressed as percentage (pCH₄). The pCH₄ for CM and <i>C. gayana</i> was 16.7% and 16.9%, respectively, while it ranged from 3.18% in <i>A. nilotica</i> to 13.1% in <i>C. cajan</i>. The pCH₄ was reduced (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) from 14.6% to 9.39% when <i>A. nilotica</i> was combined with CM. In combination of <i>L. leucocephala</i> or <i>C. cajan</i> with CM, the pCH₄ (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) was reduced from 16.5% and 16.6% with the lowest proportion to 15.1% and 15.2% with the highest inclusion rate respectively. The combination of <i>C. gayana</i> with <i>L. leucocephala</i> or <i>C. cajan</i> reduced (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) the pCH₄ from 16.3% and 16.4% to 15.1% and 14.9% respectively. The pCH₄ was reduced (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) from 13.4% to 7.60% when <i>A. nilotica</i> was combined with <i>C. gayana</i>. Estimated digestible organic matter (dOM) and metabolizable energy (ME) increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) with increasing proportions of <i>M. indica</i> seed kernel with CM or <i>C. gayana</i>. In conclusion, the combination of the basal substrates with unconventional supplements resulted in CH₄ reduction without affecting the dOM and ME at lower inclusion rates. Animal-based experiments await to validate in vitro findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"108 6","pages":"1761-1770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.14015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative energy balance affects perinatal ewe performance, rumen morphology, rumen flora structure, and placental function","authors":"Zhibo Wang,&nbsp;Peiyong Chen,&nbsp;Yaxu Liang,&nbsp;Feng Wang,&nbsp;Yanli Zhang","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the effects of negative energy balance (NEB) on perinatal ewes, with a focus on changes in growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, rumen fermentation, ruminal bacteria composition, placental phenotype-related indicators, and expression levels of genes related to placental function. Twenty ewes at 130 days of gestation were randomly allocated to either the positive energy balance (PEB) or NEB groups. In the experiment, ewes in the PEB group were fed the same amount as their intake during the pre-feeding baseline period, while ewes in the NEB group were restricted to 70% of their individual baseline feed intake. The experiment was conducted until 42 days postpartum, and five double-lamb ewes per group were selected for slaughter. The results demonstrated that NEB led to a significant decrease in body weight, carcass weight, and the birth and weaning weights of lambs (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, NEB caused alterations in serum biochemical parameters, such as increased non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate levels and decreased cholesterol and albumin levels (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Rumen fermentation and epithelial parameters were also affected, with a reduction in the concentrations of acetic acid, butyric acid, total acid and a decrease in the length of the rumen papilla (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, NEB induced changes in the structure and composition of ruminal bacteria, with significant differences in α-diversity indices and rumen microbial community composition (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Gene expression in rumen papilla and ewe placenta was also affected, impacting genes associated with glucose and amino acid transport, proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). These findings screened the key microbiota in the rumen of ewes following NEB and highlighted the critical genes associated with rumen function. Furthermore, this study revealed the impact of NEB on placental function in ewes, providing a foundation for investigating how nutrition in ewes influences reproductive performance. This research demonstrates how nutrition regulates reproductive performance by considering the combined perspectives of rumen microbiota and placental function.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"108 6","pages":"1747-1760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary supplementation of macadamia oil on the growth, immune function, physio-biochemical components and thyroid activity of growing rabbits","authors":"Fatima A. Jaber,&nbsp;Samia Nasr,&nbsp;Hanan M. A. Al-Sayed,&nbsp;Aljohara M. Al-Otaibi,&nbsp;Hanan S. Mohamed,&nbsp;Haggag M. Hamdy,&nbsp;Sameh A. Abdelnour,&nbsp;Walid Fouad","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current research aimed to assess the effects of dietary macadamia oil (MO) on carcass traits, growth performance, physio-biochemical components, immune function, thyroid hormones and inflammation markers of growing rabbits. A total of 96 growing rabbits were randomly distributed into four treatments, with 24 rabbits in each group. The rabbits were fed a basal diet (control group) or a diet supplemented with MO at 0.5 (MO0.5), 1 (MO1.0) and 2 (MO2.0) mL/kg of diet for eight weeks. The daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio showed a quadratic improvement with increasing levels of MO, and the optimal dose was 1.25 mL/kg of diet. Increasing levels of MO also had a quadratic effect on hepatic and renal functions. Dose-response curves revealed that the optimal doses of MO were 1.50, 1.75 and 1.25 mL/kg of diet for total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and creatinine respectively. A quadratic relationship was observed between the increased levels of MO and tumour necrosis factor-α (<i>p</i> = 0.038), interleukin-6 (<i>p</i> = 0.014) and immunoglobulins (<i>p</i> = 0.016 and IgM <i>p</i> = 0.026). Additionally, a linear relationship was observed between the increment in MO levels and both nitric oxide (<i>p</i> = 0.040) and interleukin-4 (<i>p</i> = 0.001). The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase showed a linear increase with increasing dietary MO content, while xanthine oxidase showed a linear decrease. Total antioxidant capacity showed quadratic improvement (<i>p</i> = 0.035) with the dietary treatment, with the optimal dose observed at 1.25 mL/kg of diet. The inclusion of MO in the diet had a linear effect on the activity of thyroxine (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Therefore, supplementation of MO at a dose of 1 or 1.5 mL/kg of diet in growing rabbits' diets can improve growth and carcass traits, sustain thyroid function by supporting immunity, and reduce oxidative/inflammation pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"108 6","pages":"1734-1746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of feeding a protein supplement on nitrogen balance and plasma amino acids during exercise recovery in horses","authors":"Patty Graham-Thiers,&nbsp;Kristen Bowen","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eight geldings weighing 544 ± 16 kg were used to evaluate feeding a postexercise protein meal on plasma amino acids during recovery. Horses were fed sweet feed, corn, grass hay and equal amounts of a protein pellet (32% CP) with meals (MP group) or postexercise (EP group). Horses exercised 1–2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 12 weeks. A pre and poststudy 4 days total urine and feces collection was conducted. Urine and fecal samples were analyzed for nitrogen (N) to calculate N balance. Blood samples were drawn immediately after and at 1 and 3 h postexercise at the start and end of the study for plasma amino acid concentrations. Absorbed N and N retention were greater for the MP group compared to the EP group (<i>p</i> = 0.038, 0.033 respectively). An interaction revealed an increase in fecal N (<i>p </i>= 0.01) and decreased N digestibility for the MP group compared to the EP group at the end of the study. Plasma concentrations for 8 out of 14 amino acids were less for the EP group immediately after exercise compared to the MP group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.02). Plasma concentrations of lysine and arginine were greater for the EP group compared to the MP group at 1 and 3 h after exercise (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 and 0.04 respectively). Changes were different for 8 out of the 14 amino acids immediately post exercise, 7 out of 14 amino acids at 1 h postexercise and 10 out of 14 amino acids at 3 h postexercise with positive changes for the EP group and negative changes for the MP group. The EP group had improved supply of plasma amino acids in the recovery period that sustained for 3 h postexercise and are indicative of better amino acid supply supporting muscle development.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"108 6","pages":"1723-1733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of glycine and glutamate, as components of glutathione precursors, on the productivity, digestive performance and blood profile of weaning pigs","authors":"Sumaya Tanzin Wahid,&nbsp;Sang Seon Lee,&nbsp;In Ho Kim","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The impact of glycine and glutamate, as components of glutathione (GSH) precursors, was studied as a factor in determining the growth rate of weaning pigs, their digestion of nutrient supplements and their blood concentration levels. There were 180 crossbred weaning pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 7.94 ± 1.53 kg (five pigs per pen [two barrows and three gilts]; nine pens per treatment) that were randomly assigned to one of four diets. We used a basal diet as the control, TRT1 as the treatment with 0.10% precursor of GSH, TRT2 as the treatment with 0.20% precursor of GSH and TRT3 as the treatment with 0.30% precursor of GSH. The BW of weaning pigs exhibited a linear increase on days 7 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), 21 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and 42 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.009) following the supplementation with the GSH precursor. Supplementation with GSH precursor led to a consistent and gradual increase in average daily gain (ADG) on days 8–21, 22–42 and overall, as indicated by a significant linear trend (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). G: F was linearly increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) on days 22–42 and overall with the increment in the precursor of GSH supplementation. However, GSH precursor supplementation did not have any impact on nutrient digestibility and blood profile in the treatment group. In summary, the administration of GSH precursor improved BW, ADG and G: F ratio while not affecting nutrient digestibility or blood profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"108 6","pages":"1704-1711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation of Sida rhombifolia enhances the plasma antioxidation and modulates gut microbiota in Anyi tile-like grey chickens","authors":"Qiuhong Liu,&nbsp;Biao Chen,&nbsp;Xinghui Li,&nbsp;Mingfang Zhou,&nbsp;Ting Xiong,&nbsp;Xiaolong Hu,&nbsp;Huirong Mao,&nbsp;Sanfeng Liu","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14013","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Sida rhombifolia</i> (<i>S. rhombifolia</i>) is a widely used herbal plant for humans because of its antioxidant and antibacterial effects, but its potential use as a feed additive for livestock has not been investigated. Twenty 350 days-old Anyi tile-like grey chickens were randomly divided into a control group (fed basal diet) and a treatment group (fed basal diet + 3% of <i>S. rhombifolia</i>), and these chickens were feed for 31 days. Dietary <i>S. rhombifolia</i> remarkably enhanced plasma antioxidants, including the significantly increased total antioxidant capability (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), catalase (<i>p</i> = 0.04), and superoxide dismutase (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) in the treatment group. Furthermore, dietary <i>S. rhombifolia</i> also modulated chicken cecal microbiota, including an increased microbial diversity (Shannon, <i>p</i> = 0.03; Chao1, <i>p</i> = 0.03) in the treatment group. Regarding taxonomic analysis, 34 microbial taxa showed significant differences between the two groups. Meanwhile, the dominant phylum Actinobacteriota (<i>p</i> = 0.04), and dominant genera <i>Desulfovibrio</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and <i>Olsenella</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.02) were significantly increased after treatment, whereas the pathogenic genus <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.04) was significantly decreased after feeding <i>S. rhombifolia</i>. The results indicating that <i>S. rhombifolia</i> has potential for use as a natural plant feed additive for chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"108 6","pages":"1712-1722"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of mulberry leaf powder water extract supplementation on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant, meat quality and intestinal microbiota of yellow feather broilers","authors":"Dongxu Xing,&nbsp;Bing Fu,&nbsp;Donglai Zhou,&nbsp;Erna Li,&nbsp;Qingrong Li,&nbsp;Dong Ruan,&nbsp;Sentai Liao,&nbsp;Yuxiao Zou","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14010","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 50-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of mulberry leaf powder water extract (MLE) on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant, meat quality and intestinal microbiota of yellow feather broilers. A total of 720 birds (initial body weight 40.07 ± 0.05 g) were randomly distributed into four groups with six replicates per group and 30 birds per replicate. Four diets were formulated with 0% (CON), 200 mg/kg MLE (MLE200), 400 mg/kg MLE (MLE400) and 600 mg/kg MLE (MLE600) supplementation. Results showed that the addition of 200–600 mg/kg MLE to the diet significantly increased the body weight (BW) and average daily weight gain (ADG), but feed to gain ratio (F/G) were linearly decreased (<i>p</i> = 0.045) as dietary MLE increased. Birds fed MLE400 had higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), interleukin-10 (Il-10), secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and complement 3 (C3) contents than those fed CON, whereas MLE400 had lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content than CON (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Analysis of 16 S rDNA indicated that supplementation with 200 mg/kg MLE increased the Shannon indices in the caecum (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Supplementation with MLE decreased the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and genus Helicobacter, and increased the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes in the caecum in broiler chickens (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The drip loss rate in the MLE600 was significantly diminished (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas the shear force was significantly elevated (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In summary, dietary supplementation with MLE can effectively improve growth performance, intestinal immunity, serum antioxidant capacity, meat quality and intestinal microbiota of yellow feather broilers. The most appropriate MLE supplementation level was 400 mg/kg. This study provides a practical strategy for the dietary application of MLE in yellow feather broilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"108 6","pages":"1692-1703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and economic analysis of fermented fish viscera silage in diets for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and its effects on the physical quality of pellets, growth performance, health parameters","authors":"Thiago M. Santana,&nbsp;Francisco M. Dantas,&nbsp;Armando G. Prestes,&nbsp;Gabriela T. Jerônimo,&nbsp;Jesaias I. da Costa,&nbsp;Driely K. M. dos Santos,&nbsp;Yugo M. Pastrana,&nbsp;Fernando Y. Yamamoto,&nbsp;Ligia U. Gonçalves","doi":"10.1111/jpn.13999","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.13999","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The production of silage using fish viscera can be carried out with straightforward methods and permits the exploitation of nutrients that are usually discarded. This process fosters the concept of circular aquaculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of increasing levels of fish viscera silage (VS) on the physical quality of the feed pellets and their effects on their growth performance, health parameters and on economic indices when the experimental extruded feed was offered to tambaqui. A fermented fish VS produced in-house was included in increasing levels on a wet-basis in the formulation of five experimental diets (VS 0%, VS 5%; VS 10%; VS 15% and VS 20%). Juvenile tambaqui (~22.6 g) were stocked in fibreglass tanks of 700 L (<i>n</i> = 4; 21 fish per tank) with a recirculation system and the five experimental diets were attributed in a completely randomized design. The fish were fed with the experimental diets (to apparent satiation) for 13 weeks. At the end of the trial, no significant differences were observed for production performance. Fish fed with the highest inclusion level of VS presented the highest concentration of plasma cholesterol, but this was still within acceptable values for this species. The inclusion of fish VS in diets for juvenile tambaqui reduced the activity of the plasma ALT enzyme, confirming normal liver function. Extruded feed containing fish VS had a production cost of US$ 0.95 per kg, which does not significantly impact the economic indices. Up to 20% of fish VS can be included in the extruded feed formulation for juvenile tambaqui without impairing growth performance or affecting health parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"108 6","pages":"1665-1677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141457001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein supplementation during mid-gestation affects maternal voluntary feed intake, performance, digestibility, and uterine blood flow of beef cows","authors":"Javier A. M. Meneses,&nbsp;Karolina B. Nascimento,&nbsp;Matheus Castilho Galvão,&nbsp;Gabriel M. Moreira,&nbsp;Luthesco Haddad Lima Chalfun,&nbsp;Stefania Priscilla de Souza,&nbsp;German D. Ramírez-Zamudio,&nbsp;Marcio Machado Ladeira,&nbsp;Marcio S. Duarte,&nbsp;Daniel R. Casagrande,&nbsp;Mateus P. Gionbelli","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to assess the impact of protein supplementation and its interaction with calf sex (CS) on the performance, metabolism and physiology of pregnant beef cows. Fifty-two multiparous Zebu beef cows carrying female (<i>n</i> = 22) and male (<i>n</i> = 30) fetuses were used. Cows were individually housed from day 100 to 200 of gestation and randomly assigned to restricted (RES, <i>n</i> = 26) or supplemented (SUP, <i>n</i> = 26) groups. The RES cows were <i>ad libitum</i> fed a basal diet (corn silage + sugarcane bagasse + mineral mixture), achieving 5.5% crude protein (CP), while SUP cows received the same basal diet plus a protein supplement (40% CP, at 3.5 g/kg of body weight). All cows were fed the same diet during late gestation. Differences were declared at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05. No significant interaction between maternal nutrition and calf sex was found for maternal outcomes (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.34). The SUP treatment increased the total dry matter (DM) intake (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) by 32% and 19% at mid- and late-gestation respectively. The total tract digestibility of all diet components was improved by SUP treatment at day 200 of gestation (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.02), as well as the ruminal microbial CP production (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01). The SUP treatment increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.03) the cows' body score condition, ribeye area, the average daily gain (ADG) of pregnant components (PREG; i.e., weight accretion of cows caused by pregnancy) and the ADG of maternal tissues (i.e., weight accretion discounting the gain related to gestation) in the mid-gestation. The SUP cows exhibited a lower maternal ADG (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) compared to RES cows in late pregnancy. There was a 24% additional gain (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) in the PREG components for SUP cows during late gestation, which in turn improved the calf birthweight (<i>p</i> = 0.05). The uterine arterial resistance and pulsatility indexes (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) at mid-gestation were greater for RES cows. In conclusion, protein supplementation during mid-gestation is an effective practice for improving maternal performance, growth of the gravid uterus and the offspring's birth weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"108 6","pages":"1678-1691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141457002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on protein utilization and its interactions with carbohydrate and lipid from a molecular perspective in aquaculture: An implication beyond growth","authors":"Hesham Eed Desouky,&nbsp;Nouran Mahmoud Sayed,&nbsp;Kenneth Prudence Abasubong,&nbsp;Ziping Zhang","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The world's increasing need for protein faces challenges in aquaculture production. New applications and tools will need to be added at every stage of the manufacturing line to attain this expansion sustainably, safely, and effectively. Utilizing experimental methods to increase aquatic animal production has become more common as aquatic biotechnology has advanced. High-throughput omics technologies have been introduced to address these issues, including transcriptomic, metabolomic, proteomic, and genomes. But it also faces many difficulties, like other food manufacturing industries. One of the best and most durable approaches to address these issues is probably to understand nutritional requirements and modify diet based on need. Molecular approaches are a subset of multiomics technology. Previously, most of the published work was devoted to the biochemical aspects of protein–lipid interactions in biological systems. In this review, we explore this idea and highlight various works that fall under the umbrella of nutrigenomics, with a particular emphasis on protein utilization and its interactions with carbohydrates and lipids.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"108 6","pages":"1650-1664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.14008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}