Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Partial Replacement of Corn Grains With Mango Seed Kernel on Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Metabolites and Rumen Parameters of Growing Calves","authors":"Wasef A. Riad,&nbsp;Abdelaziz M. El-Hais,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Soliman,&nbsp;Ghada S. El Esawy,&nbsp;Safaa E. S. Atia,&nbsp;Ibrahim M. Khattab","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fruit by-products are a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional grain feed for livestock. One of the most important by-products is mango seed kernel (MSK), which can be used as a valuable energy source for feeding growing calves in the tropical and subtropical productive regions of the world. This study investigated the effect of replacing corn grains (CGs) with MSK on intake, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and rumen parameters. Eighteen growing male Friesian calves (200 ± 6.55 kg of body weight and 9–11 months old) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Three concentrate feed mixtures were formulated such that MSK replaced CG at 0%, 25% and 50%. Dry matter intake was unaffected, whereas dry matter, organic matter and fibre digestibility increased linearly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) with increased inclusion of MSK. Ruminal pH (<i>p</i> = 0.053) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration (<i>p</i> = 0.041) increased linearly. There was a linear decrease in cholesterol (<i>p</i> = 0.029) and AST (<i>p</i> = 0.028) levels in the blood of calves. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the positive effect of replacing 50% of CG with MSK on rumen parameters, including a higher ruminal pH and total VFA concentration, alongside higher nutrient digestibility. The dietary inclusion of mango seed can serve as a valuable and sustainable dietary component for growing calves.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of the effectiveness of four chemical additives on the fermentation characteristics, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage based on soy sauce residue","authors":"Guofeng Xu,&nbsp;Xinbao Li,&nbsp;Junfeng Hu,&nbsp;Zhihao Dong,&nbsp;Yushan Jia,&nbsp;Tao Shao","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study aimed to compare the impact of four chemical additives on fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silage based on soy sauce residue. The TMR (35% soy sauce residue + 45% Napier grass + 20% concentrate) was placed into silos (10 L). The experiment followed the completely random design, treated with different chemical additives: (1) distilled water (control); (2) 0.1% potassium sorbate (SP); (3) 0.1% sodium benzoate (SS); (4) 0.5% calcium propionate (SC); (5) 0.5% sodium diacetate (SD). Total of 100 silos (5 treatments × 4 aerobic exposure days × 5 replicates) were ensiled for 60 days. After exposure to the air, the samples were analyzed for the dynamic change of fermentation parameters at 4, 9 and 15 days, and the data was analyzed as repeated measures. The content of butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen was maintained at a low level. The highest (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) lactic acid (LA) content and the lowest (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) pH value were measured in SP. At the first 4 days of aerobic exposure, TMR silages treated with four chemical additives were more stable relative to the control, as indicated by the low pH value and yeast counts. Furthermore, the highest (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) LA content and the lowest (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) pH value indicated that SP performed superior aerobic stability compared with other chemical additives. The SP shows higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) 72 h cumulative gas production (GP₇₂) and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) relative to the control. In conclusion, the SP performed superior in improving fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of TMR silages based on soy sauce residue.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"130-139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apparent digestibility and calcium and phosphorus in urine after feeding different combinations of calcium and phosphorus sources to adult dogs","authors":"Celina Hofmann,&nbsp;Britta Dobenecker,&nbsp;Ellen Kienzle","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the combination of a water-soluble calcium (Ca) source (CaCl₂) with a water-soluble phosphorus (P) source (NaH₂PO₄*2H₂O, diet soluble, SOL) in comparison to a water-insoluble P source (CaHPO4*2H₂O, diet insoluble, INS) on apparent digestibility and renal excretion of Ca and P in dogs. The Ca intake was 226 mg/kg bodyweight (bw), the Ca/P ratio 1.9/1 in SOL and 2.0/1 in INS. The percentage of Ca from CaCl₂ was 60% in SOL and 33% in INS. Eight adult Foxhound-crossbred dogs FBI, (3–5 years, bw 24–32 kg) were available. Standard digestion trials were carried out (10 days adaptation, 5 days total faecal collection). Spontaneously excreted urine was collected pre- and postprandially. In vitro water solubility of P in the mineral premixes was determined. The Ca digestibility was negative in both trials without significant differences between the groups. Apparent P digestibility was increased in group SOL (26% vs. 20% in INS). In both groups, P content in urine was higher pre- compared to postprandial, with higher concentrations in group SOL. The same was true for the P/Crea ratio. The water solubility of P in the mineral premixes used in the trials showed considerable differences: The P in premix INS was insoluble in water after 1 and after 90 min. By contrast, the P in the premix SOL was highly soluble (98%) after 1 minute. After 90 min, however, the P solubility decreased to 43%, suggesting the formation of insoluble CaP salts, presumably from CaCl₂ and NaH₂PO₄*2H₂O. In conclusion, in the present study, apparent Ca digestibility in dogs was not affected by the solubility of Ca and P, while P digestibility and renal P excretion increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"124-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142072851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the difference of gut microbiota in DLY and Diqing Tibetan pigs induce by high fiber diet","authors":"Lijie Yang,&nbsp;Bingqian Yao,&nbsp;Shimin Zhang,&nbsp;Yuting Yang,&nbsp;Hongbin Pan,&nbsp;Xiangfang Zeng,&nbsp;Shiyan Qiao","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In order to investigate the regularity of fecal microorganisms changes in Landrace × Large White × Duroc (DLY) and Diqing Tibetan pigs (TP) induced by dietary fiber, and further explore the buffering effect of different intestinal flora structures on dietary stress. DLY (<i>n</i> = 15) and TP (<i>n</i> = 15) were divided into two treatments. Then, diet with 20% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was supplemented for 9 days. Our results showed that the feed conversion efficiency of TP was significantly higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) than that of DLY. The fecal microorganisms shared by the two groups gradually increased with the feeding cycle. In addition, the dispersion of Shannon, Simpson, ACE and Chao of TP decreased. Also, we found that the fecal microorganisms of TP (<i>R</i>² = 0.2089, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and DLY (<i>R</i>² = 0.3982, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) showed significant differences in different feeding cycles. With the prolongation of feeding cycle, the similarity of fecal microbial composition between DLY and TP increased. Our study strongly suggests that the complex environment and diet structure have shaped the unique gut microbiota of TP, which plays a vital role in the buffering effect of high-fiber diets.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 2","pages":"233-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the fat to starch ratio in young horses' diet on plasma metabolites, muscle endurance and fear responses","authors":"Saman Lashkari,&nbsp;Carina Beblein,&nbsp;Janne W. Christensen,&nbsp;Søren K. Jensen","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-starch diets may affect equine hindgut microbiota and increase blood glucose levels, which may cause unwanted physiological changes, but may also elicit behavioural changes such as increased fear reactions. The purpose of the current study was to feed a high starch (300) and low fat (43; HS_LF) or a low starch (60) and high fat (85; LS_HF, g/kg of DM) concentrate within the available commercial range and investigate how muscle endurance and fear reactions of horses respond to different diets. Twenty Danish Warmblood stallions (4 years) were randomly allocated to two treatments: LS_HF (<i>n</i> = 10) and HS_LF (<i>n</i> = 10) for 9 weeks. During the two last weeks, a single step exercise test was performed, and plasma metabolites and blood gases were measured before and after exercise in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The effect of two diets on fearfulness was tested by exposing the horses to novel objects test (T1 and T2). Plasma metabolites was not affected by diets. However, plasma level of glucose post-exercise (4.9) was lower than pre-exercise (5.6 mmol/L; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Similarly, plasma level of insulin post-exercise (4.2) was lower than pre-exercise (13.1 pmol/L; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Plasma level of lactate dehydrogenase (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), non-esterified fatty acids (<i>p</i> = 0.002), β-hydroxybutyrate (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and fructosamine (<i>p</i> = 0.01) post-exercise was higher than pre-exercise. Regardless of type of diets, RRR-α-tocopherol was the dominance α-tocopherol stereoisomers in plasma. In conclusion, during aerobic exercise, fat to starch ratio in horse diets within the normal range had no significant effect on plasma metabolites. However, horses fed LS_HF tended to show more investigative behaviour than horses fed HS_LF.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"113-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into gut fungi in pigs: A comprehensive review","authors":"Guanyue Wei","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14036","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fungi in the gut microbiota of mammals play a crucial role in host physiological regulation, including intestinal homeostasis and host immune regulation. However, our understanding of gut fungi in mammals remains limited, especially in economically valuable animals, such as pigs. Therefore, this review first describes the classification and characterisation of fungi, provides insights into the methods used to study gut fungi, and summarises the recent progress on pig gut fungi. Additionally, it discusses the challenges in the study of pig gut fungi and highlights potential perspectives. The aim of this review is to serve as a valuable reference for advancing our knowledge of gut fungi in animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"96-112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.14036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"l-Arginine supplementation for pregnant and lactating sows may improve the performance of piglets: A systematic review","authors":"Fábio Loures Cruz,&nbsp;Melissa Fabíola dos Santos Alves Mendes,&nbsp;Thais Oliveira Silva,&nbsp;Marlon Barros Guimarães Filho,&nbsp;Márvio Lobão Teixeira de Abreu","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective was to conduct a systematic review to clarify the effects of <span>l</span>-arginine supplementation in pregnant and lactating sows on plasma hormone levels, milk production and composition, the body condition of sows and piglet performance. In April 2023, an online search and a systematic search were performed in the following databases: Embase, Scopus, SciELO, Web of Science, PubMed and Science Direct. The combinations of keywords used were sow and arginine and lactation; sow and arginine and lactating; sow and arginine and gestation; sow and arginine and gestating; sow and arginine and pregnancy; sow and arginine and reproduction; piglet and arginine; and sow and arginine and mammary gland. In total, 21 scientific articles with original data were selected according to preestablished criteria. Among the 21 articles, seven (33%) reported measurements of some plasma hormones, and among these, six reported an increase in the levels of at least one hormone, namely, estradiol, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin, follicle stimulating hormone, growth hormone or prolactin, with <span>l</span>-arginine supplementation. The parameters of milk were evaluated in 11 studies (52%), one reported an increase in protein content, and one reported an increase in IGF-1 content in milk with supplementation of this amino acid. Of the 14 studies that evaluated the performance parameters of piglets, only four reported improvements in some parameters of piglets from sows that received supplementation. Dietary supplementation of arginine for sows in the final third of gestation and/or lactation may alter the plasma levels of some hormones, which may reflect in greater development of the mammary gland tissue and, consequently, promote benefits on the performance of piglets. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the real impact of this amino acid supplementation on the physiology of the sows, in general, and the performance of suckling piglets.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"76-95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.14031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of partial or full replacement of soybean meal with urea or coated urea on intake, performance, and plasma urea concentrations in lactating dairy cows","authors":"Rainer Rauch,&nbsp;Kelly Nichols,&nbsp;Isabela P. C. de Carvalho,&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste Daniel,&nbsp;Javier Martín-Tereso,&nbsp;Jan Dijkstra","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14034","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We expected mitigation of the hypophagic effects of urea (U) with a coated urea (CU) product that aimed to partially shift urea supply to the post-ruminal gastrointestinal tract. Ruminal release and post-ruminal digestibility of CU was evaluated in vitro, followed by a randomised complete block experiment (54 Holstein-Friesian cows; 177 ± 72 days in milk). Soybean meal (SBM) was partially (PR) or fully (FR) replaced on an isonitrogenous basis by beet pulp and U or CU. Urea sources were included at 12 (U-PR, CU-PR) and 19 (U-FR, CU-FR) g/kg dietary dry matter (DM). Hypophagic effects were similar for U-PR and CU-PR (−11% vs. −7%), and for U-FR and CU-FR (−13% vs. −12%) compared with SBM (average 25.8 kg DM intake/d). Compared with SBM, U-PR and CU-PR reduced yields of milk (−8%) and protein (−12%), U-PR reduced yield of fat (−9%) and fat- and protein-corrected-milk (FPCM; −9%), and CU-PR tended to reduce FPCM yield (−5%). Compared with SBM, U-FR and CU-FR respectively reduced yields of milk (−21%, −22%), protein (−25%, −26%), fat (both −14%), lactose (−20%, −21%), and FPCM (−17%, −19%), and lowered N (−15%, −12%) and feed (−8%, trend, −9%) efficiency. Human-edible protein efficiency approximately doubled with U-PR and CU-PR and approximately tripled with U-FR and CU-FR compared with SBM. Milk composition and plasma urea concentration were similar between U and CU, except for a trend for a greater plasma urea concentration with U-PR compared with CU-PR. Dry matter intake patterns differed for CU-PR compared with U-PR and for CU-FR compared with U-FR, suggesting effects of urea release rate or location on feeding behaviour. Overall, replacing SBM with U or CU reduced DM intake and milk production and affected nutrient efficiencies. Coated urea influenced DM intake pattern but did not affect total DM intake or milk production compared with U.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"64-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial replacement of soybean with alternative protein sources: Effects on meat quality, sensory attributes, and fatty acids and amino acids content of breast meat of a local chicken strain","authors":"Servet Yalçin,&nbsp;Sezen Özkan,&nbsp;Muazzez Cömert Acar","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14035","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The environmental sustainability of soybean cultivation has been questioned as it has been linked to deforestation, eutrophication, pesticide use, and carbon dioxide footprint. Agri-industrial byproducts and black soldier fly (BSF) larvae meal are promising alternative protein sources that can be used to partly replace soybean in broiler diets. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of partial replacement of soybeans with agro-industrial by-products with or without the addition of BSF dried larvae meal on the meat quality, fatty acid and amino acid content, and sensory traits of breast meat of local chickens. A total of 252 one-day-old mixed-sex chicks from the Anadolu-T pure dam line were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets; a soybean-based Control diet, a diet in which soybean meal was partly replaced (SPR) with brewers' dried grain, sunflower seed meal, and wheat middlings and an SPR + BSF diet in which 5% of BSF dried larva meal was added to the SPR diet. All birds were slaughtered at a commercial slaughterhouse at 55 days and breast and drumstick muscles were sampled for meat quality analysis from 18 chickens/dietary treatments. No significant effects of diets were observed for the pH₂₄ and lightness, redness, and yellowness of breast and leg meats. Thawing loss significantly decreased and cooking loss increased in the breast meat of chickens fed the SPR + BSF compared with those fed Control and SPR diets. Diets did not affect either texture profile or consumer sensory properties of breast meat. The chickens fed the SPR + BSF had the highest total saturated fatty acid and lower polyunsaturated fatty acid content in breast meat than those fed the Control and SPR diets. The essential and nonessential amino acid content of breast meat decreased by the SPR diet compared with the SPR + BSF diet. The chickens fed SPR + BSF diet had higher values of tasty, aromatic, and umami-related amino acids than those fed SPR and Control diets. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that agri-industrial byproducts with or without BSF larvae meal could be used to partially replace soybean meal in broiler diets without affecting technological meat quality traits. The addition of BSF larvae meal to the diet along with agri-industrial by-products improved the amino acid content of the breast meat of chickens but reduced polyunsaturated fatty acid levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"51-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abiotic stressors in poultry production: A comprehensive review","authors":"Chris Major Ncho,&nbsp;Janine I. Berdos,&nbsp;Vaishali Gupta,&nbsp;Attaur Rahman,&nbsp;Kefala Taye Mekonnen,&nbsp;Allah Bakhsh","doi":"10.1111/jpn.14032","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.14032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In modern animal husbandry, stress can be viewed as an automatic response triggered by exposure to adverse environmental conditions. This response can range from mild discomfort to severe consequences, including mortality. The poultry industry, which significantly contributes to human nutrition, is not exempt from this issue. Although genetic selection has been employed for several decades to enhance production output, it has also resulted in poor stress resilience. Stress is manifested through a series of physiological reactions, such as the identification of the stressful stimulus, activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal medulla, and subsequent hormonal cascades. While brief periods of stress can be tolerated, prolonged exposure can have more severe consequences. For instance, extreme fluctuations in environmental temperature can lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, impairment of reproductive performance, and reduced immunity. In addition, excessive noise in poultry slaughterhouses has been linked to altered bird behaviour and decreased production efficiency. Mechanical vibrations have also been shown to negatively impact the meat quality of broilers during transport as well as the egg quality and hatchability in hatcheries. Lastly, egg production is heavily influenced by light intensity and regimens, and inadequate light management can result in deficiencies, including visual anomalies, skeletal deformities, and circulatory problems. Although there is a growing body of evidence demonstrating the impact of environmental stressors on poultry physiology, there is a disproportionate representation of stressors in research. Recent studies have been focused on chronic heat stress, reflecting the current interest of the scientific community in climate change. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the major abiotic stressors in poultry production and elucidate their underlying mechanisms, addressing the need for a more comprehensive understanding of stress in diverse environmental contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"109 1","pages":"30-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}