Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Slow-Releasing Calcium Using Coating Technology Improves Egg Production and Quality by Enhancing Calcium Absorption in Aged Laying Hens.","authors":"Alex Settuba, Taehwan Oh, In Ho Kim","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium (Ca) is one of the most critical macro-minerals in poultry nutrition, playing a fundamental role in skeletal integrity, eggshell formation, and numerous metabolic processes. In laying hens, particularly those in the late laying period, adequate calcium supply is essential because these birds must continuously mobilize Ca for eggshell mineralization while maintaining bone homeostasis. This study evaluated the effects of graded levels of slow-releasing calcium on performance, egg quality, nutrient retention, and blood mineral and bone turnover responses in aged laying hens. A total of 336, 54-week-old Hy-line brown laying hens were randomly allocated to four treatments (7 replications, 12 hens per cage) fed on a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with slow-releasing calcium (SR-Ca) at 0% (CON), 0.25% (TRT 1), 0.5% (TRT 2), or 0.75% (TRT 3) for 12 weeks. Growth performance parameters, including body weight, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio, were not significantly affected by dietary treatments (p > 0.05). Egg production rate and egg weight were also not significantly affected (p > 0.05) throughout the experimental period. The proportion of downgraded eggs did not differ significantly during 54-60 weeks (p > 0.05) but was significantly reduced from 61 to 66 weeks of age (p < 0.05) in hens supplemented with 0.75% and 0.5% of SR-Ca. Egg quality parameters were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) during 54-60 weeks except for eggshell thickness which was improved by increasing levels of SR-Ca (p < 0.05) during week 60. However, from 61 to 66 weeks, eggshell strength and eggshell thickness were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in hens fed the 0.75% SR-Ca diet compared with the control and lower inclusion levels. Apparent retention of ash and phosphorus was not significantly affected by dietary treatments (p > 0.05), whereas calcium retention increased linearly (p < 0.05) in hens fed the 0.75% SR-Ca diet. Blood calcium concentration increased linearly (p < 0.05) among treatments at all post-feeding sampling times. Concentrations of parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, and C-telopeptide were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) at later post-feeding hours in hens supplemented with 0.75% of SR-Ca. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of SR-Ca up to 0.75% improved eggshell quality, enhanced calcium retention, increased circulating calcium, and reduced bone turnover in aged laying hens without adversely affecting performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Composition, Physical Activity and Energy Requirements Estimated Using Two Isotopic Methods in Old and Adult Beagle Dogs.","authors":"Ariel de Castro, Letícia Graziele Pacheco, Camila Goloni, Vladimir Eliodoro Costa, Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Energy requirements (ER) are known to decline as dogs age into the senior stage. However, the implications of body composition and physical activity (PA) on this parameter remain poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate ER, body composition, water turnover rate (WTR), and voluntary PA by triaxial accelerometers in adults (5.2 ± 1.75 years; 11.8 ± 0.65 kg; body condition score (BCS) 5 ± 0.2/9) and old Beagle dogs (14.2 ± 2.65 years; 12.5 ± 0.37 kg; BCS 5 ± 0.31/9). The ER were assessed by the food intake to constant body weight (FI), ¹³C-Bicarbonate (¹³C-Bic) and doubly labelled water (DLW) methods. Animals were fed to maintain a constant body weight for 30 days. Food intake was recorded, and the diet's metabolisable energy was determined via total faecal collection method. Masks were used to measure ¹³C in expired air after ¹³C-Bic enrichment. Body water was enriched with ²H and ¹⁸O, and isotopes elimination was evaluated after 7, 10, and 15 days. ER was similar between methods (p = 0.99), but 30% higher for adult (511.9 ± 4.72 kJ/kg^0.75/day) than old dogs (389.0 ± 5.07 kJ/kg^0.75/day; p < 0.001). WTR was higher for adult (134.58 mL/kg^0.75/day) than old dogs (106.51 mL/kg^0.75/day; p = 0.005). Despite similar BCS, old dogs showed lower lean and higher fat mass, suggesting sarcopenia (p < 0.01). Old dogs presented lower PA (p < 0.01), which, may have contributed to their lower lean mass, ER and WTR. Considering that ¹³C-Bic and DLW resulted in similar estimations of energy expenditure to the FI method, the most appropriate approach might depend on experimental conditions and objectives. The implications of reduced ER on food and nutrient intake and its relationship with lower WTR, sarcopenia and obesity development, highlight the need for targeted nutritional recommendations for ageing dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Adaptations to Weight Loss in Obese Senior Dogs: Effects on Energy Expenditure, Protein Turnover, and Voluntary Physical Activity.","authors":"Ticiane Giselle Bitencourt Freire, Jhennifer de Castro Fenerick, Ariel de Castro, Maria Eduarda Gonçalves Tozato, Stephanie de Souza Theodoro, Letícia Grazielle Pacheco, Camila Goloni, Caroline Paschoal, Vladimir Eliodoro Costa, Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implications of obesity and weight loss (WL) for energy and protein metabolism are not fully understood, particularly in senior dogs. This study evaluated changes in body composition, energy expenditure (EE), protein turnover (PT), and voluntary physical activity (VPA) in senior dogs in maintenance and after 10% and 20% WL. Twenty obese, neutered, client-owned dogs without comorbidities (8.05 ± 0.44 years, 33.41 ± 1.79 kg, body condition score [BCS] median 8/9; range: 8-9) received the same diet (3.2 kcal/g; per 100 kcal: 10.4 g protein, 4 g fat, 7.8 g fibre), with intake adjusted (±5%-10%) to maintain a WL rate of 1%-2%/week. At baseline, after 10% WL, and after 20% WL, body composition and EE were assessed using the doubly labelled water, and PT was measured using the ¹³C-leucine method. VPA was evaluated at baseline and after 20% WL using triaxial accelerometers. Data were analysed by repeated measures ANOVA. Dogs achieved a final BCS of 6 (5-6) (p < 0.01) but exhibited a lower WL rate in the second phase of WL (0.85 ± 0.05% vs. 0.70 ± 0.04%/week; p < 0.05). Fatty mass (FM) decreased from 40.57 ± 1.23% to 310.1 ± 1.50%, while lean mass (LM) increased from 59.43 ± 1.23% to 68.90 ± 1.5% (p < 0.01). LM (kg) decreased in the first phase (p < 0.05) but was preserved thereafter (p > 0.05). Energy intake from food decreased over time (from 61.09 ± 2.06 to 52.95 ± 1.3 kcal/kg^0.75/day; p < 0.001), whereas EE increased during WL (from 98.23 ± 5.1 to 111.26 ± 4.18 kcal/kg^0.75/day; p < 0.01), raising the caloric deficit from 37% to 58% (p < 0.05). PT rates declined by 20%-27% when expressed per kg^0.75 or kgLM^0.75 (p < 0.05), while VPA remained unchanged (p > 0.05). A progressive predominance of fatty over lean tissue oxidation may explain the increasing need for energy restriction and the reduced WL rate as WL progresses, despite higher EE in dogs. Strategies to preserve LM and protein metabolism are warranted to optimise WL in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excessive Feed Sorting Is Associated With Altered Plasma Metabolism and Distinct Fermentation Responses of Pooled Rumen Microbiota in Dairy Cows.","authors":"Abdallah A Mousa, Han Zhang, Junshi Shen, Shengyong Mao, Xiaoge Sun","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feed sorting behaviour in dairy cows alters dietary structure and has been associated with rumen dysfunction, but its systemic metabolic consequences and microbial acidogenic potential remain unclear. This study combined in vivo and in vitro approaches to investigate associations between feed sorting behaviour, host metabolism, and rumen microbial fermentation. Twenty-four mid-lactation Holstein cows were monitored for 28 days, from which 12 cows representing extreme feed-sorting phenotypes were selected: severe sorters for fine particles (SES; n = 6) and slight sorters (SLS; n = 6). Blood samples were collected for biochemical and metabolomic analyses, and pooled rumen fluid from selected cows within each sorting category was incubated in vitro with high-concentrate or high-forage substrates. Excessive sorting cows exhibited higher alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Metabolomic analysis revealed alterations in carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, including changes in D-mannose, fumaric acid, mevalonic acid, oleic acid, glutamic acid, tryptophan, and gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations. These changes were accompanied by increased concentrations of PGE2, histamine, and arachidonoyl ethanolamide, consistent with altered inflammatory and endocannabinoid signalling. In vitro incubation of pooled SES- and SLS-derived inocula with high-concentrate and high-forage substrates generated distinct fermentation profiles. Treatments containing SES-derived inocula were characterised by lower pH and greater total volatile fatty acid concentrations, particularly under high-concentrate conditions. These fermentation patterns were associated with higher relative abundances of Succinivibrionaceae UCG-002, Lachnobacterium, and Pseudobutyrivibrio. Overall, these findings suggest that feed sorting behaviour is associated with alterations in systemic metabolism and rumen microbial fermentation characteristics, providing new insight into the relationship between feeding behaviour and metabolic health in dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Prickly Ash Seed Meal Suppresses Hepatic Lipogenesis and Improves Fillet Fatty Acid Profiles in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).","authors":"Yuchen Zhang, Shahid Sherzada, Ping Wang, Jishu Zhou","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fishmeal shortage requires replacing fishmeal with plant proteins in aquafeeds. Over-fatness of viscera degrades the efficiency and quality of the fillet in farmed grass carp. Prickly ash seed meal (PASM) provides both high levels of PUFAs and bioactives, but its potential is still unevaluated for lipid regulation and fillet nutrition of this species. We hypothesised that dietary PASM would reduce liver lipid production and enhance fillet fatty acid composition without compromising growth. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with PASM at graded inclusion level: PAS 0 (control, 0% PASM), PAS 2.5 (2.5% PASM), PAS 5.0 (5.0% PASM), PAS 7.5 (7.5% PASM), PAS 10 (10% PASM), and fed to juvenile grass carp (9.21 ± 1.20 g) in five groups respectively for a period of 56 days. Growth performance, viscerosomatic index (VSI), relative intestinal length (RIL), intraperitoneal fat index (IPFI), proximate tissue composition, fatty acid profiles, hepatic histology and gene expression of the lipid metabolism genes (pparγ, fas, dgat-1, pparα, cpt-1) were evaluated. Growth and survival were unaffected by PASM inclusion up to 10%. VSI and RIL increased with higher inclusion of PASM (p < 0.05) indicating improved gut development, while IPFI showed a tendency to drop with the higher level of PASM inclusion. PASM supplementation dose-dependently increased crude protein content and decreased lipid content in hepatopancreas and muscle, accompanied by reduced adipocyte size in visceral adipose tissue. Hepatic expression of lipogenic genes (pparγ, fas, and dgat1) was significantly downregulated, while lipolytic genes (pparα and cpt1) exhibited a transient upregulation at 5% inclusion. Fatty acid profiling revealed enhanced deposition of n-3 PUFAs, particularly α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3), in fillets, resulting in an improved n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio. Dietary PASM at 7.5%-10% (PAS 7.5 and PAS 10) effectively suppresses hepatic lipogenesis and improves fillet fatty acid nutritional quality in grass carp, positioning PASM as a promising functional ingredient for sustainable aquaculture feed formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milk Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Rumen Fermentation in Barki Ewes, and the Performance of Their Offspring in Response to Increasing Dietary Protein Levels.","authors":"Ibrahim M Khattab, Adel M Abdel-Wahed, Ahmed A Aboamer, Mohamed F Elgandy, Mayada M H Khalil","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of increasing dietary crude protein (CP) levels on milk yield, nutrient utilization, nitrogen use efficiency, rumen fermentation, and lamb growth in lactating Barki ewes. Twenty-one multiparous ewes (mean body weight (BW) of 40.5 ± 0.41 kg), each nursing one lamb (mean BW: 6.22 ± 0.16 kg), were randomly assigned to three total mixed rations containing 13.0%, 15.1%, and 17.1% CP on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively, in a randomized complete block design over a 70-day lactation period. Results indicated a linear increase (p < 0.05) in milk yield, alongside higher milk fat, protein, and lactose yields, as dietary CP levels rose. Crude protein intake increased linearly (p = 0.001) as dietary CP levels elevated. Apparent digestibility of organic matter, CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) also increased linearly (p < 0.05). Diets with 15.1% and 17.1% CP demonstrated higher (p < 0.05) CP, NDF, and ADF digestibility compared to the 13.0% CP diet. Nitrogen (N) intake, milk N, urinary N, urea-N, fecal N, and plasma urea concentrations increased linearly (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary CP levels. Ewes receiving 17.1% CP excreted higher (p < 0.05) amounts of urinary N, urea-N, and fecal N. Ruminal ammonia-N concentrations increased linearly (p = 0.001) with dietary CP levels, peaking (p = 0.001) in ewes on the 17.1% CP diet, followed by those on 15.1% and 13.0% CP diets. Molar proportions of isobutyrate and isovalerate increased linearly (p < 0.05) with higher dietary CP. Microbial protein content increased linearly (p = 0.001), attaining higher values with 15.1% and 17.1% CP diets (p = 0.010) compared to 13.0% CP. Lambs final BW and average daily gain (ADG) improved linearly (p = 0.001) as dietary CP levels increased, with 15.1% and 17.1% CP diets yielding superior outcomes over 13.0% CP diet. In conclusion, increasing dietary CP from 13.0% to 17.1% linearly improved digestibility, milk yield, and lamb growth. The 15.1% and 17.1% CP diets enhanced ruminal fermentation, but 17.1% CP maximized nitrogen excretion. Thus, 15.1% CP is recommended to optimize productivity and nutrient utilization in semi-intensive Barki ewe production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Kidney Calcium and Phosphorus Mineral Handling in Laying Hens During the Transition to Egg Production.","authors":"Henry Reyer, Michael Oster, Hiba Qasir, Siriluck Ponsuksili, Vera Sommerfeld, Markus Rodehutscord, Klaus Wimmers","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transition from immature pullets to sexually mature female chickens is accompanied by pronounced structural and functional modifications. This is accompanied by coordinated changes in hormonal and metabolic pathways that primarily regulate reproduction, nutrient utilization, and mineral homeostasis to compensate for temporary imbalances. In kidney, specific regulation of reabsorption processes is required which depend on dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) intake and physiological needs. This study aims to elucidate the physiological processes underlying kidney adaptation along maturation in female laying hens. Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and Lohmann Brown (LB) laying hens were sampled for plasma (n = 140) and kidneys (n = 84) at immature pullet stages (weeks 16-18) along transition and onset of lay (weeks 20-23). Hens were fed a developer diet (weeks 14-16), a pre-layer diet (weeks 16-17), and a layer diet (weeks 17-23). Genes involved in active renal mineral transport (e.g., SLC34A1, TRPV6) exhibited time-dependent expression with reduced abundance in immature birds until approximately 20 weeks of age and upregulation toward week 23. Genes involved in tight junction formation (e.g., CLDN10, OCLN) showed likewise reduced mRNA abundances in immature pullets, with lowest values around week 20. Genes affiliated with regulatory endocrine pathways (e.g., PTH2R, VDR) showed altered expression indicating an adaptation toward a decrease in sensitivity of the kidney to PTH and active vitamin D3 as an immediate response to the high Ca supply prior egg laying activity. Plasma and gene expression data indicate that hypercalciuria and phosphaturia are actively promoted in laying hens fed high Ca diets prior to sexual maturity. Between weeks 20-21 of life, the kidneys of high-yielding laying hens undergo a physiological shift enhancing mineral efficiency that sustains hypercalcemia supporting eggshell calcification.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Activated Charcoal Supplementation on Performance, Egg Quality, and Bone Calcification in Laying Hens Exposed to High Fluoride","authors":"Muhammed Serkan Sevim,&nbsp;Emre Yilmaz","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of high dietary fluoride intake on performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters, bone tissue, mineral accumulation, and the expression of selected mineralisation-related genes in laying hens, and to evaluate whether these effects could be alleviated by dietary activated charcoal supplementation. A total of 180 Hy-Line Brown laying hens were allocated to six groups: a control group and experimental groups receiving diets supplemented with sodium fluoride (1200 mg/kg), activated charcoal (0.35% or 0.70%), or combinations of these additives. Performance parameters and egg quality traits were recorded throughout the experimental period, while serum biochemical parameters were analysed at the end of the experiment. Tibial bone samples were evaluated by histological and histomorphometric methods, and calcium and phosphorus concentrations were determined in tibial bone and eggshell samples. In addition, mRNA expression levels of the mineralisation-related genes <i>Oc-116</i>, <i>Opg</i>, and <i>Rankl</i> were analysed in uterine and sternal tissues. Dietary sodium fluoride supplementation reduced feed intake and egg production, impaired eggshell quality, induced histological and histomorphometric alterations in the tibia, and increased calcium and phosphorus accumulation in bone tissue, accompanied by upregulation of <i>Oc-116</i> and <i>Rankl</i> mRNA expression. The effects of activated charcoal were dose-dependent and non-linear. Supplementation with 0.35% activated charcoal partially restored feed intake, egg production, and feed conversion ratio, limited histological deterioration in bone, and attenuated the fluoride-induced shift in the <i>Rankl</i>/<i>Opg</i> axis. In contrast, 0.70% activated charcoal suppressed eggshell calcium content and <i>Oc-116</i> expression while increasing <i>Opg</i> and <i>Rankl</i> levels. These findings indicate that activated charcoal may serve as a supportive dietary additive under high-dose fluoride exposure, with 0.35% emerging as the more favourable inclusion level, whereas higher doses may adversely affect mineral bioavailability and eggshell formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 5","pages":"624-641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Torula Yeast (Candida utilis) Single Cell Proteins as a Partial Replacement for Soybean Meal in Broiler Diets: Effects on Productive Performance, Meat Quality Traits, and Plasma Metabolome","authors":"Jonathan Dayan,&nbsp;Marco Zampiga,&nbsp;Francesca Soglia,&nbsp;Luca Laghi,&nbsp;Elisa Benini,&nbsp;Massimiliano Petracci,&nbsp;Federico Sirri","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over recent years the use of yeast in feedstuffs has gained momentum due to novel developments in single-cell proteins (SCPs). SCPs are considered a sustainable protein source, as their production enable to convert low-value substrates (including industrial/agricultural wastes) into feed, with a related reduced environmental impact. This study provides a first-step insight into the dietary inclusion of torula yeast-derived SCPs in broiler chicken diets. A total of 720 1-day-old male broilers were divided into four groups (10 replicate pens/group): the control group (CON) received a commercial soybean-based diet, while the SCP groups (SCP2, SCP4, SCP6) were fed diets supplemented with 2%, 4%, or 6% SCPs during the grower and finisher phases (15–42 d) as a partial replacement for soybean meal. Growth performance, footpad dermatitis (FPD), plasma metabolome, and breast-meat quality and composition were evaluated. For the entire trial period, performance traits and FPD rates did not differ significantly, however a trend was observed for body weight and daily weight gain which tended to decrease with increasing SCP levels (3083, 3058, 2988, 2942 g/bird, and 72.1, 71.6, 69.8, 68.8 g/bird/day respectively for CON, SCP2, SCP4, and SCP6; <i>p</i> = 0.071; linear fit &lt; 0.01). Breast-meat quality and composition were maintained apart from linearly increased yellowness (b*) in CON, SCP2, SCP4, and SCP6 (7.67, 8.57, 9.11, and 10.38; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; linear fit &lt; 0.01). As for plasma metabolites, focusing on differences attributable to SCPs inclusion levels, on day 21, SCP6 reduced Threonine (−34%) and increased Isoleucine (+26%), Ethanol (+91%), Uridine (+67%), Leucine (+24%), and 2,3-butanediol (+60%) compared with CON (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). At day 42, SCP6 reduced Arginine (−46%) and Threonine (−17%) and increased 2-aminobutyrate (+51%), Uridine (+116%), Trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (+29%), and Formate (+25%) (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Overall, the findings demonstrate the feasibility of graded SCPs inclusion in broiler diets, with a potential upper limit of 4%, as indicated by changes in performance and plasma metabolome.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 5","pages":"674-684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Exposure to Different Nitrogen Supplementation Strategies in Beef Cows Enhances Foetal Growth and Induces Transcriptional Adaptations in Offspring Skeletal Muscle","authors":"Luana Ruiz dos Santos,&nbsp;Karolina Batista Nascimento,&nbsp;Gustavo Dias Guimarães,&nbsp;Gabriel de Oliveira Damásio,&nbsp;Richardson Antonio Carvalho de Torres,&nbsp;Igor Gomes Fávero,&nbsp;Lucas Peralta Carneiro Borges,&nbsp;Isabella de Oliveira,&nbsp;Javier Andrés Moreno Meneses,&nbsp;Nick Vergara Lopes Serão,&nbsp;Tathyane Ramalho Santos Gionbelli,&nbsp;Daniel Rume Casagrande,&nbsp;Marcio Souza de Duarte,&nbsp;Mateus Pies Gionbelli","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70084","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess the effects of different nitrogen supplementation strategies during mid-gestation on postnatal performance, skeletal muscle gene expression and morphology and nutritional and metabolic parameters of beef offspring during both the cow-calf and backgrounding phases. Thirty Zebu cows (532 ± 11 kg of body weight [BW]) were used. The following treatments were randomly assigned to cows from 127 ± 17 to 227 ± 17 days of gestation: (1) Control (CON; <i>n</i> = 10): basal diet (corn silage + sugarcane bagasse) and a mineral supplement with urea (60 g/100 kg BW); (2) Rumen-degradable protein (RDP; <i>n</i> = 10): basal diet plus a commercial protein supplement (250 g/100 kg BW) and ground corn (44 g/100 kg BW); and (3) Rumen-undegradable protein (RUP; <i>n</i> = 10): basal diet plus protected soybean meal (3.5 g/kg BW) and a mineral supplement with urea (60 g/100 kg BW). After supplementation, cows were managed as a single group on pasture. Offspring were evaluated during the cow–calf phase, and in a 60-day feedlot backgrounding phase. At the end of the supplementation period (227 days of gestation), cows in the RUP treatment had greater BW compared to those in the CON and RDP treatments (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Near parturition (282 days of gestation), no differences in BW were observed among treatments (<i>p</i> = 0.28). Birth weight was greater in the RUP group compared to the CON and RDP groups (<i>p</i> = 0.04), with no differences between the CON and RDP. No effects of treatment were observed on offspring weaning weight, average daily gain, ultrasound carcass traits, nutrient intake, apparent total tract digestibility, ingestive behaviour or muscle fibre number and histomorphometry (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). At 346 ± 31 days of age, RUP offspring exhibited increased expression of skeletal muscle genes, including <i>ACACA</i>, <i>FASN</i>, <i>PPARG</i>, <i>CPT2</i>, <i>IGF1R</i> and <i>COL3A1</i> compared to the CON group (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Additionally, RUP offspring showed greater expression of <i>ACACA</i>, <i>FABP4</i>, <i>PPARA</i>, <i>SCD1</i>, <i>COL3A1</i> and <i>IGFR1</i> compared to RDP offspring (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.04). In conclusion, maternal supplementation with rumen-protected protein during mid-gestation enhances foetal growth and induces beneficial transcriptional adaptations in skeletal muscle compared to non-protein or RDP supplementation strategies, without affecting postnatal growth performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 5","pages":"699-714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}