Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Broiler Breeder Age on Egg Quality, Incubation Performance, and Early Progeny Physiological and Muscle Fiber Development.","authors":"Helder Freitas de Oliveira, Alessandra Gimenez Mascarenhas, José Henrique Stringhini, Nadja Susana Mogyca Leandro, Marcos Barcellos Cafe, Emmanuel Arnhold, Raíssa Monteiro de Alvarenga, Ana Caroline Romão Silva, Jean Kaique Valentim, Heloisa Helena de Carvalho Mello","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of breeder hen age on the incubation performance, embryonic development, and progeny quality of Cobb500 broiler breeders at 39, 51, and 69 weeks of age. A total of 870 eggs were collected, of which 810 were incubated; these were assigned to a completely randomized design with three treatments and nine replicates of 30 eggs. The average egg weights were 64.68, 69.77, and 72.40 g for breeders aged 39, 51, and 69 weeks, respectively. The incubation traits, chick quality at hatch, and embryonic development indicators, including relative embryo and liver weights, eggshell calcium content, serum glucose, and breast muscle fiber number, were evaluated. Eggs from 69-week-old breeders were heavier and resulted in heavier chicks at hatch and placement (p < 0.001), with lower dehydration than did chicks from 39-week-old breeders (p = 0.001). Hatchability, hatchability of fertile eggs, and hatch window were not affected by breeder age (p > 0.05). Embryonic mortality during Phase I was greater in eggs from 69-week-old breeders (p = 0.007). Embryos from younger breeders (39 weeks) presented greater relative developmental efficiency at 6 and 13 days of incubation (p ≤ 0.015). Progeny from older breeders (51 and 69 weeks) was associated with a greater incidence of physical quality scores between 86 and 90 (p = 0.050) and a greater number of breast muscle fibers in female chicks (p = 0.006). Eggshell calcium content, serum glucose concentration, and relative liver weight were not influenced by breeder age (p > 0.05). Breeder age significantly influences egg quality, embryonic development, and progeny characteristics, and advanced breeder age represents a trade-off between improved chick size and quality and increased early embryonic mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Impact of Selenium Selenite and Nano-Selenium on Physiological Functions in Male Goat Kids.","authors":"Kalpana Dhruw, Anil Kumar Garg, A K Chaturvedani, Abhishek Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of nano-selenium (Se-NP) supplementation on nutrient utilization, growth, immune responses, antioxidant status, and reproductive performance in male goat kids over a 150-day experimental period. Twenty-four growing male goats were randomly allocated to three groups: control (T1), and two treatment groups receiving dietary Se-NP at graded levels (T2-0.15 ppm and T3-0.30 ppm). Dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility, and the plane of nutrition remained statistically comparable (p > 0.05) across all groups, indicating no adverse effect of Se-NP on feed acceptance or digestion. Growth performance metrics including average daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were also unaffected by the treatments. Haematological and serum biochemical parameters, including glucose, total protein, and creatinine, remained within normal physiological limits, though significant day-wise variations (p < 0.05) were witnessed in glucose, cholesterol, total protein and creatinine. Antioxidant enzyme activity revealed a marked increase (p < 0.01) in Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in T3(22.12 ± 2.21) and T2(11.99 ± 0.93), suggesting enhanced oxidative defence, while Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) activities were unchanged. Notably, serum Triiodothyronine (T3) concentration increased significantly (p < 0.05) in T3(4.32 ± 0.24) and T2(4.21 ± 0.23) groups, accompanied by a reduction in Thyroxin (T4) and T4:T3 ratios, indicating potential modulation of peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism. Immune profiling demonstrated enhanced humoral (p < 0.05) and cell-mediated immune responses (p < 0.01) in Se-NP groups, particularly T3, as evidenced by higher haemagglutination titres and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Reproductive assessment showed no differences in scrotal size; however, sperm quality parameters-mass motility, live sperm percentage, and hypo-osmotic swelling test response-were significantly improved (p < 0.01) in Se-NP supplemented goats. In conclusion, Se-NP supplementation, especially at higher levels (T3), positively influenced antioxidant status, immune competence, and seminal quality without compromising growth or metabolic health, demonstrating its potential as a functional micronutrient to enhance reproductive and immunological resilience in male goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Feeding Management of Pet Rabbits by Owners and Hobby Breeders and Their Impact on Animals' Health: A Survey.","authors":"Federica Sportelli, Carla Giuditta Vecchiato, Giacomo Biagi, Daniel Brugger, Lisa Sondershaus, Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the last decades, the population of pet rabbits in Europe has increased significantly, but to date studies into feeding management of these species have been mainly conducted in production animals. This study aimed to evaluate the feeding practices of both pet rabbit owners and hobby breeders in Germany and how these may affect animal health. For this purpose, a survey was conducted from July to August 2020 to collect data regarding breeding, nutritional management and animal health: 431 participants replied. Results obtained from the questionnaires highlighted several differences. Based on our results, hay is provided in large amounts by almost all participants, meeting the rabbits' need for high fibre intake. However, rabbit breeders typically provide less hay and fresh food (e.g. grass, herbage, forage plants, vegetables, fruit), and more concentrates (e.g. pellets, muesli, commercial mixes, cereals) than pet rabbit owners. Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases were common in both groups. A link was noted between feeding practices and health conditions like diarrhoea, constipation, being overweight, dental problems and the development of urolithiasis. Although recent data on rabbit obesity indicate an increasing prevalence of this condition, most breeders and owners consider their animals' body condition to be normal. Nevertheless, in this study, obesity was associated with individual housing, which is more used by hobby breeders. Results from this study suggest that owners and breeders manage rabbit feeding differently and that these choices may impact animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Alternative Feeds Relevant for Dairy Production in an Overgrazed Tropical Area.","authors":"Fiseha Tadele, Jeyamalar Jeyanathan, Yisehak Kechero, Geert P J Janssens, Veerle Fievez","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In overgrazed tropical areas, limited quantity and poor quality of pastures constrain dairy production, creating a need for alternative and complementary feeds. This study in southern Ethiopia therefore assessed local feeds other than the overgrazed pasture using in vitro batch incubation to simulate rumen fermentation. The potential of these feeds as alternatives was evaluated based on rumen fermentation (assessed through total fermentation based on total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and apparent rumen degradable organic matter (ARDOM), as well as fermentation pattern and net ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) accumulation), together with crude protein (CP) content. For a feed to show potential as a pasture replacer, ARDOM was expected to be at least comparable to that of the pasture, while preferably supplying some extra CP. The potential of these feeds as complementary supplements was evaluated based on the net NH₃-N accumulation and branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA), along with CP contents as an indicator of RDP supply and in vitro propionate production as a proxy for glucogenic nutrients (GN) supply. Enset (Ensete ventricosum) leaves and water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) leaves exhibited a moderate reduction in fermentability, with approximately 15.5% lower total VFA and ARDOM than pasture (p < 0.001), however they showed higher net NH₃-N accumulation (19.4% and 43.8%, respectively) along with higher CP (141 and 157 g kg^-1 DM, respectively) than average pasture (110 g kg^-1 DM), indicating their potential as alternative feeds. Conversely, Euclea divinorum leaves showed a marked reduction in fermentability, with approximately 50% lower total VFA and ARDOM than pasture (p < 0.05), lower or negative net NH₃-N and lower CP (85 g kg^-1 DM) than average pasture, which made it less suitable as pasture alternative. Generally, mango seed kernels showed poor in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics compared with pasture. By contrast, Moringa stenopetala and Moringa oleifera pods demonstrated an interesting potential as complementary feeds to pasture because of high net NH₃-N, BCFA, CP, and propionate (p < 0.001). They also exhibited higher or comparable ARDOM relative to pasture. Enset corms showed higher total VFA and propionate than pasture (p < 0.001), yet with negative net NH₃-N accumulation (p < 0.001). Utilizing enset leaves and water hyacinth as alternative roughages could mitigate feed shortages and reduce grazing pressure in tropical regions, whereas Moringa pods and enset corms as complementary feeds could also enhance the efficient use of tropical low-quality forages in dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Alter Hepatic Lipid Oxidation and Oxidative Stress Markers in Postpartum Dairy Cows.","authors":"Gino Storani, Pablo Matías Roskopf, Emmanuel Angeli, Lucas Emanuel Ribas, Hugo Héctor Ortega, Eloy Eduardo Salado, Gustavo Juan Hein","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids are well recognized for their potential to influence metabolic adaptation in dairy cows during the transition period. This study evaluated the effects of calcium salts enriched with ω-3 fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid and long-chain ω-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, on hepatic lipid metabolism-related proteins, oxidative stress biomarkers, and liver function in postpartum dairy cows. Prior to calving, cows received a total mixed ration supplemented with 0.400 kg dry matter (DM)/day of calcium salts derived from a flaxseed oil-fish oil mixture (60:40). After calving, cows were fed a partial mixed ration and received 0.650 kg DM/day of the same supplement mixed with a commercial concentrate during milking. Control cows received isoenergetic diets in which calcium salts were replaced with ground corn. Blood, urine, and liver samples were collected at -21 days relative to calving (used as a baseline covariate) and at +7, and +21 (±3) days postpartum, when treatment effects were evaluated. No differences were observed between treatments in conventional biochemical markers of liver function or hepatic triacylglycerol concentration. Plasma malondialdehyde concentrations were higher in ω-3-supplemented cows, whereas other oxidative stress parameters were not affected. Supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids was associated with changes in the abundance of selected hepatic proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism, including increased acyl-CoA oxidase 1 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase and reduced diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 abundance, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha abundance were not affected. These findings indicate that ω-3-enriched calcium salts induce molecular adjustments in hepatic lipid metabolism during early lactation without evidence of adverse effects on liver function.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding Laboratory Mice: Comparing a Standard Versus a Purified Diet - Marked Effects on Digestive Physiology.","authors":"L F Böswald, A Zeyner, M M Santo, M Wensch-Dorendorf, A Sünder, B Popper, W Siegert","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diet composition and processing have a major impact on its utilisation by the animal, as is known from farm and pet animal species. This includes effects on energy and nutrient digestibility, the intermediary metabolism, and the intestinal microbiome, with all the resulting impacts. For laboratory animals, data is scarce on influencing factors on diet digestibility. In experiments using special diets, either standard diets are used for the control group, or purified control diets. The aim of the present study was to compare a standard diet and a purified control diet (both pelleted) fed ad libitum to C57BL/6J mice and to investigate the potential effect on body weight development, feed conversion, energy and nutrient digestibility and indicators of intestinal fermentation (pH, short-chain fatty acids). Thus, 21 mice each were fed the standard diet (STD) and the purified diet (PD). Results showed a significantly higher apparent digestibility of gross energy and the crude nutrients in group PD (p < 0.001). The weight of the filled cecum and colon was significantly lower in group PD than STD (p < 0.001; p < 0.01). The pH of ingesta was significantly higher in stomach, cecum and colon of group PD (p < 0.0001), likely influenced by the significantly lower concentration of total short-chain fatty acids measures in cecum and colon of PD mice. The high apparent digestibility of the PD implied a lower influx of fermentable substrate into the hindgut, resulting in lower concentrations of microbial metabolites and altered pH milieu.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extrusion and Pancreatin Superdosing Modulate the Metabolic Impact of 20% Chlorella vulgaris Inclusion in Broiler Diets.","authors":"Ana Rita Mendes, Cátia Falcão Martins, Maria Pinheiro Spínola, Daniela Filipa Pires Carvalho, Obete Madacussengua, Joana Inês Ferreira, Ana Maria Fontes, Rui Manuel Amaro Pinto, Miguel Pedro Mourato, Adam Davis, André Martinho de Almeida, Madalena Lordelo, José António Mestre Prates","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgae such as Chlorella vulgaris are gaining attention as sustainable and nutritionally valuable feed ingredients, with the potential to partially replace soybean meal in broiler diets. However, dietary inclusion of 20% C. vulgaris has been attempted, but negatively affected growth performance due to limited digestibility. This study examined the effects of including 20% Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) in broiler diets, either alone, extruded, or combined with 0.3% pancreatin supplementation, on blood parameters, plasma biochemistry, and liver composition. From day 7 to 35 of age, four dietary treatments were applied: a standard control diet (CTR), a diet with 20% C. vulgaris (CV), a diet with 20% C. vulgaris supplemented with 0.3% pancreatin (CVEN), and a diet containing 20% extruded C. vulgaris (CVEX). Findings showed that C. vulgaris dietary incorporation, regardless of treatment, led to a significant reduction in growth performance and an increase in specific plasma lipid parameters (p < 0.05) when compared with the CTR diet. However, in CVEN animals, such adverse effects were mitigated, resulting in improvements in final body weight and average body weight gain. Dietary inclusion of C. vulgaris modulated hepatic composition without affecting total hepatic lipid content. Chlorella-based diets lowered PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 ratios and increased specific fatty acids, particularly C16:0 and 20:5n-3. Hepatic cholesterol and antioxidant-related compounds, including β-carotene, chlorophyll a-like pigments, α-tocopherol, and, in untreated C. vulgaris, γ-tocopherol and γ-tocotrienol, were increased, and multivariate analysis clearly separated CTR diet-fed birds from Chlorella-fed groups. Multivariate analysis identified treatment-related patterns in both blood and liver samples. PCA of plasma parameters clearly separated all dietary groups. Conversely, hepatic PCA distinguished control from C. vulgaris treatments, which clustered together regardless of processing or enzyme supplementation, indicating consistent liver responses to microalgae dietary inclusion. Overall, these findings indicate that a 20% inclusion level of C. vulgaris requires digestibility-enhancing strategies to sustain broiler growth performance. Pancreatin supplementation effectively restored performance at this inclusion level to levels comparable to those of conventional maize-soy diets, highlighting the potential of enzyme-treated C. vulgaris as a viable main ingredient that supports both production outcomes and health-related attributes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle Mass Is a Better Predictor of Survival in Dogs With Chronic Kidney Disease Compared to Body Condition Score.","authors":"Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini, Pedro Henrique Marchi, Vivian Pedrinelli, Andressa Rodrigues Amaral, Laís Oyama Cotrim Lima, Bianca Petermann Moretti, Natália Manuela Cardoso de Oliveira, Cristiana F F Pontieri, Juliana T Jeremias, Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro, Marcio Antonio Brunetto","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring prognostic factors, such as body weight, is important to assess the effectiveness of therapies in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and estimate the survival rate (SR). As established in the literature, both body condition score (BCS) and muscle mass score (MMS), when analysed individually, show a positive correlation with SR in dogs with CKD. However, no studies have analysed the correlation between both parameters on SR. The present study aimed to clarify the real influence of fat and lean mass on the SR in dogs with CKD, based on a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, to improve the nutritional management of these patients. This study included 120 client-owned adult dogs diagnosed with CKD stages 2, 3, or 4. The hazard ratios for stage, BCS, MMS, age, and sex were estimated in univariate and multivariable analyses. The results showed survival was not influenced by BCS alone but was influenced by MMS. Severe muscle mass loss (MMS 0) had a 3.85-fold risk of mortality when compared to normal muscle mass (p = 0.006). Regardless of body condition, the present study observed that what really influenced the survival of dogs with CKD, considering the stage, was muscle mass.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulated Efferocytosis and Immune Microenvironment in High Somatic Cell Count Dairy Cows.","authors":"Juan Feng, Mengmeng Deng, Feixiang Fan, Jianxin Liu, Diming Wang, Jie Cai","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Milk cells are mirrors of mammary health and immune responses in dairy cows. However, their specific physiological or pathological significance in cows with high somatic cell count (SCC) remains poorly understood. Dysregulation of milk cell physiology may contribute to inflammatory responses and impact mammary health and milk production. By investigating the composition and function of milk cells in high and low SCC cows, our study aimed to identify SCC-associated biological processes in the mammary gland. Sixteen animals were divided as two groups, SCC-h group (n = 8, milk SCC > 200 × 10³/mL) and SCC-l group (n = 8, milk SCC < 100 × 10³/mL). The milk performance traits of dairy cows were assessed, and RNA sequencing of milk cells was conducted. Metabolomic analysis was performed to identify 'find-me' signals associated with efferocytosis. The expression patterns of genes involved in apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death, actin remodelling and efferocytosis were analysed. The protein levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes and nuclear receptors were determined. The immune microenvironment in milk cells was also dissected to understand the dysregulation in high SCC cows. The results showed increased expressions of key genes associated with apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis in the high SCC group. However, the 'find-me' signals and 'eat-me' signals in the high SCC group were reduced compared with the low SCC group. Therefore, the protein levels of IL-1β and nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFκB1) levels were increased, whereas the protein level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was decreased in high SCC group. These results demonstrated an enhanced pro-inflammatory signalling and altered immune microenvironment of milk cells in high SCC group. The high SCC group showed higher proportions of various types of immune cells, including dendritic cell, neutrophil and CD8⁺ T cell, indicating a pro-inflammatory immune microenvironment. Our study highlights the dysregulation of efferocytosis and immune microenvironment in milk cells of high SCC cows, potentially contributing to chronic inflammation and impaired mammary gland health. Reviving proper efferocytic function and rebalancing the immune microenvironment are essential for enhancing disease management and improving dairy cow welfare and productivity. Understanding the significance of milk cells in udder health can facilitate targeted interventions to optimise milk production and maintain mammary health in dairy farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Milk De Novo Fatty Acid Proportion of the First Week Postpartum With Productivity and Plasma IGF-1 and GLP-1 Concentrations in Dairy Cows.","authors":"Rika Fukumori, Jun Shoji, Satoshi Gondaira, Shin Oikawa","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immediate postpartum analysis of milk fatty acid (FA) profiles using Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry (FTIR) may be a non-invasive and simple analytical tool for predicting milk production, health problems and reproductive performance. This study evaluated the relationship between milk de novo fatty acid (FA) proportions at the 1st week postpartum and the pre-and postcalving blood metabolic markers, milk yield, health and reproduction performance after calving. Sixty-five Holstein cows were assessed, and blood samples were collected 3 and 1 weeks before the predicted calving date, on the calving day, and Weeks 1 to 12 of lactation. Milk samples were collected from each cow, and using the 25th and 75th percentiles of milk de novo FA proportion in the 1st week postpartum, the cows were classified into high (HD), medium (MD), and low (LD) de novo groups. The milk de novo FA proportions were ≤ 21.2, 21.3-28.4 and ≥ 28.5 g/100 g FA for the LD, MD and HD groups, respectively. The dystocia score was higher in the LD group than in the HD group; however, no differences were observed between the groups for milk yield, prevalence of postpartum disease, or removal. For reproductive performance, fewer cows were pregnant within 150 days in the LD group compared to those in the HD and MD groups. The LD cows showed higher serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxy butyrate (BHBA) and exhibited lower concentrations of glucose, Mg, and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 than the HD cows after calving. The LD cows showed a decrease in plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration from 1 week before the predicted calving date and were lower than that of the HD cows throughout lactation. These results indicate that milk de novo FA during the first postpartum stage is a noninvasive tool that can be used as an indicator of a transition dairy cow's nutritional status. Furthermore, IGF-1 may be an earlier predictor than NEFA or BHBA, and GLP-1 could also be a useful and novel marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}