Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Prenatal Exposure to Different Nitrogen Supplementation Strategies in Beef Cows Enhances Foetal Growth and Induces Transcriptional Adaptations in Offspring Skeletal Muscle","authors":"Luana Ruiz dos Santos,&nbsp;Karolina Batista Nascimento,&nbsp;Gustavo Dias Guimarães,&nbsp;Gabriel de Oliveira Damásio,&nbsp;Richardson Antonio Carvalho de Torres,&nbsp;Igor Gomes Fávero,&nbsp;Lucas Peralta Carneiro Borges,&nbsp;Isabella de Oliveira,&nbsp;Javier Andrés Moreno Meneses,&nbsp;Nick Vergara Lopes Serão,&nbsp;Tathyane Ramalho Santos Gionbelli,&nbsp;Daniel Rume Casagrande,&nbsp;Marcio Souza de Duarte,&nbsp;Mateus Pies Gionbelli","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70084","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess the effects of different nitrogen supplementation strategies during mid-gestation on postnatal performance, skeletal muscle gene expression and morphology and nutritional and metabolic parameters of beef offspring during both the cow-calf and backgrounding phases. Thirty Zebu cows (532 ± 11 kg of body weight [BW]) were used. The following treatments were randomly assigned to cows from 127 ± 17 to 227 ± 17 days of gestation: (1) Control (CON; <i>n</i> = 10): basal diet (corn silage + sugarcane bagasse) and a mineral supplement with urea (60 g/100 kg BW); (2) Rumen-degradable protein (RDP; <i>n</i> = 10): basal diet plus a commercial protein supplement (250 g/100 kg BW) and ground corn (44 g/100 kg BW); and (3) Rumen-undegradable protein (RUP; <i>n</i> = 10): basal diet plus protected soybean meal (3.5 g/kg BW) and a mineral supplement with urea (60 g/100 kg BW). After supplementation, cows were managed as a single group on pasture. Offspring were evaluated during the cow–calf phase, and in a 60-day feedlot backgrounding phase. At the end of the supplementation period (227 days of gestation), cows in the RUP treatment had greater BW compared to those in the CON and RDP treatments (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Near parturition (282 days of gestation), no differences in BW were observed among treatments (<i>p</i> = 0.28). Birth weight was greater in the RUP group compared to the CON and RDP groups (<i>p</i> = 0.04), with no differences between the CON and RDP. No effects of treatment were observed on offspring weaning weight, average daily gain, ultrasound carcass traits, nutrient intake, apparent total tract digestibility, ingestive behaviour or muscle fibre number and histomorphometry (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). At 346 ± 31 days of age, RUP offspring exhibited increased expression of skeletal muscle genes, including <i>ACACA</i>, <i>FASN</i>, <i>PPARG</i>, <i>CPT2</i>, <i>IGF1R</i> and <i>COL3A1</i> compared to the CON group (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Additionally, RUP offspring showed greater expression of <i>ACACA</i>, <i>FABP4</i>, <i>PPARA</i>, <i>SCD1</i>, <i>COL3A1</i> and <i>IGFR1</i> compared to RDP offspring (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.04). In conclusion, maternal supplementation with rumen-protected protein during mid-gestation enhances foetal growth and induces beneficial transcriptional adaptations in skeletal muscle compared to non-protein or RDP supplementation strategies, without affecting postnatal growth performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 5","pages":"699-714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L-Glutamine Plus L-Glutamic Acid Enhances Antioxidant Status and Ammonia Toxicity Resilience, Upregulates Interleukin IL-10 Gene, and Improves Gut Microbiota and Survival in Juvenile Nile Tilapia","authors":"Cristiana Leonor da Silva Carneiro,&nbsp;Thaís Pereira da Cruz,&nbsp;Larissa Cassemiro Pacheco Monteiro,&nbsp;Larissa Glugoski,&nbsp;Mariana Vieira Feldhaus,&nbsp;Leandro Cavalcante Lipinski,&nbsp;Marcelo Ricardo Vicari,&nbsp;Viviane Nogaroto,&nbsp;Valéria Rossetto Barriviera,&nbsp;Wilson Massamitu Furuya","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glutamine (Gln) and glutamic acid (Glu) are the most abundant free amino acids (AAs) in the fish body. Although classified as non-essential AAs, their supplementation can be a strategy to optimize the growth performance and health of fish. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Gln and Glu blend on growth performance, biochemical parameters, gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, digestive enzyme activity, histomorphometry, and liver mRNA levels of <i>glutamine synthetase</i> (<i>GS</i>), <i>peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha</i> (<i>PPAR-α</i>), anti-inflammatory <i>interleukin 10</i> (<i>IL-10</i>), pro-inflammatory <i>interleukin 1β</i> (<i>IL-1β</i>), and antioxidant status of juvenile Nile tilapia. Fish (<i>n</i> = 216; 0.99 ± 0.01 g) were randomly allocated into eight aquariums containing 27 fish each, in a four-replicate design. Fish were hand-fed a Glu + Gln unsupplemented basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 20 g kg⁻¹ Glu + Gln (AMG) six times daily until apparent satiety for 60 days. Relative to fish fed CON diet, fish fed AMG diet exhibited enhanced feed conversion ratio (FCR; −5.6%), energy retention efficiency (+8.20%), and protein retention efficiency (+7.69%), and a trend towards a higher survival rate (+5.9%), suggesting improved nutrient utilization. Although the general structure of the microbiota of fish fed AMG diet remained similar to that of fish fed CON diet, it was observed that Gln + Glu supplementation promoted increased relative abundance of <i>Enterococcus sp</i>., a potential probiotic. Notably, fish fed AMG diet showed higher SCFA production than those fed CON diet, enhancing intestinal fold development. Fish fed AMG diet also exhibited higher liver activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), resulting in lower malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and indicating a healthier intestinal mucosal state. Furthermore, fish fed AMG diet showed higher mRNA expression of <i>IL-10</i> and <i>GS</i>, indicating enhanced anti-inflammatory responses and ammonia metabolism, respectively. In conclusion, 20 g kg⁻¹ dietary Gln plus Glu enhanced FCR, nutrient retention, and survival by favorably modulating the microbiota and improving intestinal function, thereby optimizing antioxidant responses and innate immunity in juvenile Nile tilapia. These findings highlight the potential of Gln and Glu blend to improve profitability and sustainability in Nile tilapia aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 5","pages":"715-730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148345254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Trajectory and Metabolic Robustness Assessment of Grazing Dairy Cows Through an Integrative Approach","authors":"Ezequiel Jorge-Smeding,&nbsp;Ana Inés Trujillo,&nbsp;Laura Astigarraga,&nbsp;Andrea Alvarez-Oxiley,&nbsp;Alejandro Mendoza,&nbsp;Ákos Kenéz,&nbsp;Hugo Naya,&nbsp;Mariana Carriquiry,&nbsp;Ana Laura Astessiano","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explored the effect of dairy genotypes and feeding strategies on the metabolic trajectory and robustness of grazing dairy cows. The individual metabolic trajectory was determined as the temporal profile of the norm of a vector (<i>P</i>_v, <i>Perturbation vector</i>) that integrates the concentrations of blood plasma metabolites and hormones. Two datasets were used. Dataset 1 comprised North American (<b>NAH</b>, <i>n</i> = 20) and New Zealand (<b>NZH</b>, <i>n</i> = 20) Holstein cows under two feeding strategies (restricted grazing activity, <b>P30</b>, vs. maximised grazing activity, <b>PMAX</b>) that were sampled at −45, 21, 100 and 180 days in milk (<b>DIM</b>). Dataset 2 comprised Holstein (<b>HF</b>, <i>n</i> = 14) and Normande (<b>NR</b>, <i>n</i> = 13) cows monthly sampled between −15 and 336 DIM. For Dataset 2, <i>P</i>_v results were individually fitted to the 1st harmonic model and the metabolic robustness was characterised for each cow based on the response amplitude (maximal <i>P</i>_v), time of recovery after calving, and average and maximal recovery velocities. In Dataset 1, cows showed a high perturbation state (high <i>P</i>_v) between −45 and 21 DIM that decreased at 100 DIM for all cows. However, later during mid lactation, <i>P</i>_v increased in PMAX at 180 DIM in particular for NZH-PMAX cows, which had a higher metabolic perturbation than their NZH-P30 counterparts. In Dataset 2, the metabolic trajectory was also characterised by high perturbation state at the onset of lactation in all cows, but it decreased earlier for NR than HF cows. The NR cows appeared to have a better metabolic robustness than the HF cows as the former had an earlier recovery time after calving, and tended to have a greater recovery velocity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 5","pages":"753-762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Algae β-Glucan Supplementation on the Performance and Intestinal Immune System of Healthy Weaned Piglets","authors":"Johanna O. Buckenberger,&nbsp;Felizitas Gutöhrlein,&nbsp;Manfred Henrich,&nbsp;Erika Most,&nbsp;Rose Whelan,&nbsp;John K. Htoo,&nbsp;Robert Ringseis,&nbsp;Klaus Eder","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While β-glucans from plants and yeasts have been extensively studied in weaned piglets, studies examining algae β-glucans are scarce. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the effects of feeding algae β-glucan in weaned piglets. Male, 21-day-old, weaned crossbred piglets were allotted to three experimental groups, which were fed either an adequate basal diet (Control) or the basal diet supplemented with 100 (A100) or 200 g/t (A200) of algae β-glucan for 35 days. Performance parameters, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, gut morphology metrics, gut mucosa mRNA levels of most genes involved in gut function and integrity, and the number of different immune cells in the proximal jejunum did not differ across groups after 35 days. In the mid-jejunum, the number of lymphocytes in the <i>lamina propria</i> was higher in the A200 group than in the other two groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) after 35 days. Mucosa score for mucosa fibrosis, villous stunting and villous epithelial injury in the duodenum and the proximal and mid-jejunum were not different across groups after 35 days. The proportion of acetate was higher, and that of valerate was lower in the colon digesta of the A200 group than in the other two groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). While the abundance of <i>Prevotella</i> spp. was lower in the A200 group than in the other groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), the abundance of <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp., <i>Clostridium-leptum</i>-group, <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. in the colon digesta did not differ across groups after 35 days. In conclusion, feeding algae β-glucan to healthy weaned piglets marginally influences gut-associated parameters and the abundance of selected bacterial groups and the bacterial fermentation pattern in the colon digesta but has no effect on growth performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 5","pages":"642-654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147981738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Immunity: Functional Outcomes of Dietary Yeast and Seaweed β-Glucans in Adult Canine Nutrition","authors":"Stephanie de Souza Theodoro,&nbsp;Maria Eduarda Gonçalves Tozato,&nbsp;Letícia Warde Luis,&nbsp;Camila Goloni,&nbsp;Jhennifer de Castro Fenerick,&nbsp;Lucas Bassi Scarpim,&nbsp;Isabel Ten Caten Bento,&nbsp;Connie Abril Rojas,&nbsp;Marcelino Bortolo,&nbsp;Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>β-Glucans are functional compounds associated with health benefits; however, the physiological effects of different β-glucan sources in dog foods remain incompletely understood. This study evaluated and compared the effects of β-glucans derived from <i>Euglena gracilis</i> (seaweed) and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (yeast) on nutrient digestibility, fermentation products, faecal microbiota composition, serum lipid profile, and postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy adult dogs fed extruded diets. A single basal diet was used across four treatments: CON (control, no β-glucan), B-Y15 (0.115% yeast β-glucan), B-S15 (0.155% seaweed β-glucan) and B-S30 (0.310% seaweed β-glucan), formulated to provide daily intakes of 15 or 30 mg β-glucan/kg body weight/day. Thirty-two adult Beagle dogs were allocated to a randomised block design (<i>n</i> = 8 per treatment), with each experimental block consisting of a 42-day washout period followed by a 42-day treatment period. Apparent nutrient digestibility, faecal fermentation products, serum lipid profile, postprandial glucose and insulin responses, and faecal microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) were evaluated. Data were analysed using ANOVA, Tukey's, and repeated measures (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Low levels of <i>E. gracilis</i> β-glucans improved apparent digestibility of dietary gross energy. Supplementation with either β-glucan sources did not significantly alter postprandial lipid parameters or glucose responses; however, a high dose of seaweed-derived β-glucan delayed the insulin peak. Higher inclusion levels of seaweed β-glucans were associated with alterations in overall faecal microbiota community structure, as indicated by beta-diversity analysis, without corresponding changes in species richness, evenness, or faecal fermentation products. In conclusion, β-glucans from yeast and seaweed exhibited distinct physiological effects in healthy adult dogs. Moderate inclusion of seaweed-derived β-glucans enhanced nutrient utilization, whereas higher inclusion levels influenced insulin kinetics and faecal microbiota community structure. These findings underscore the importance of β-glucan source and inclusion level when considering their application as functional ingredients in canine nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 5","pages":"609-623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Meal Frequency on the Feeding Behaviours of Captive Asian Small-Clawed Otters (Aonyx cinereus)","authors":"Julien Bensalem,&nbsp;Kévin Schlax,&nbsp;Mélina Hegron,&nbsp;Sébastien Lefebvre,&nbsp;Flore Viallard","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70081","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the impact of meal frequency on behavioural patterns of captive Asian small-clawed otters. Six adult otters at Parc d'Isle, Saint-Quentin, France, were observed under three sequential feeding regimens: three, four and five meals per day over 30 days total. Behavioural data collected via scan sampling showed that frequency of grooming behaviours significantly increased with higher meal frequencies (<i>χ</i>² = 12.4, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Locomotion, eating, foraging and inactive (resting) behaviour frequencies remained statistically unchanged across feeding regimens (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The frequency of aggressive behaviours decreased with increased meal frequency (<i>χ</i>² = 6.2, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), although they were rare at baseline. Drinking behaviour frequency decreased significantly as meal frequency increased (<i>χ</i>² = 15.3, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Scanning and unclassified behaviour frequencies differed significantly across feeding regimens (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01 and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively). Food consumption remained consistently high (96.25%–98.07%) across all feeding regimens with no significant differences (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Daily meal duration was unaffected by feeding frequency. These results demonstrate that meal frequency alterations produce specific behavioural changes in captive Asian small-clawed otters without affecting food consumption or overall activity levels.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 5","pages":"655-662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148030622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical Quality and Chemical Safety of Commercial Wet Cat Food: Composition, Oxidation, Biogenic Amines, and Trace Elements","authors":"Marina Teixeira de Vries Mársico,&nbsp;Eliane Teixeira Mársico,&nbsp;Celso Fasura Balthazar,&nbsp;João Paulo de Sá Felizardo,&nbsp;Roberto Meigikos dos Anjos,&nbsp;Erick Almeida Esmerino,&nbsp;Sérgio Borges Mano","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics and chemical safety of commercial wet cat foods marketed in Brazil. Twenty products labeled as beef, chicken and fish flavors were analyzed for proximate composition, pH, lipid and protein oxidation, biogenic amines, and essential and potentially toxic trace elements. Moisture ranged from 78.13% to 94.87%, and protein varied from 37.38% to 89.97% dry matter. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) value reached 2.49 mg malondialdehyde (MDA)/kg dry matter, and carbonyl protein up to 0.81 nmoL/mg protein dry matter, indicating oxidative damage in part of the samples. Histamine, putrescine and cadaverine were detected on average levels of 7.5, 3.5 and 3.5 mg/kg wet matter, respectively, indicative for microbial activity and/or the use of raw materials of suboptimal quality. Trace element analysis revealed mercury concentration between 0.00 and 1.34 mg/kg, Cu (0.01 mg/kg) and Zn (45−50 mg/kg) were found in some samples (dry matter). The evidence of oxidation, biogenic amine and toxic elements in wet pet food, even within available international reference values, is a warning for chronic consumption by cats, a species with limited hepatic detoxification capacity. Overall, the findings highlight the need for strengthened quality assurance schemes and systematic surveillance on wet pet foods to better safeguard feline health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 5","pages":"663-673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Supplementation With Oil and Leucine Enhance the Gut Microbiota and Barrier of Offspring During Late Gestation and Lactation of Sows","authors":"Zexuan Gan,&nbsp;Yutong Sun,&nbsp;Xueyuan Li,&nbsp;Yuxin lin,&nbsp;Qingquan Ma,&nbsp;Xinbo Zhou","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70088","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The interaction effects of leucine and oils on piglets’ intestinal flora and barrier function are unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of administering leucine and oil to pregnant sows on offspring intestinal well-being. At 107 days of gestation, 68 sows were randomly divided into four dietary treatments: a basal diet, a basal diet with 1% leucine, an oil-replenished diet (5.2% soybean oil), and an oil-replenished diet with 1% leucine. Piglets were sampled at the end of lactation. Results showed that maternal supplementation with leucine and oil significantly improved intestinal morphogenesis. The treatments significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enhanced intestinal antioxidant status. Leucine upregulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (<i>Nrf2</i>) and downregulated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (<i>Keap1</i>), thereby improving the <i>Nrf2</i> signalling pathway. It also decreased the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (<i>NF-κB</i>) subunits (<i>NF-κB1</i> and <i>NF-κB2</i>), downregulating the transcription of oxidative-related genes. Furthermore, oil and leucine enriched beneficial gut bacteria, leading to synergistically higher levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Maternal dietary supplementation with soybean oil and leucine during late gestation and lactation exerts a profound, synergistic impact on the offspring's intestinal health. This integrated strategy provides theoretical support and a practical nutritional approach for precision management in pig farming.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 5","pages":"763-779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Characterisation of Acheta domesticus at Different Developmental Stages for Application in Animal Feed","authors":"Mariarosaria Lanzieri,&nbsp;Marcello Scivicco,&nbsp;Nicola Francesco Addeo,&nbsp;Simone Vozzo,&nbsp;Lorella Severino,&nbsp;Rosario Davino,&nbsp;Dolores Ianniciello,&nbsp;Carmen Scieuzo,&nbsp;Rosanna Salvia,&nbsp;Angela De Bonis,&nbsp;Patrizia Falabella,&nbsp;Fulvia Bovera","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70085","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The house cricket <i>Acheta domesticus</i> has emerged as a promising alternative protein source for animal nutrition; however, limited information is available on how developmental stage influences its nutritional characteristics. This study compared subadults (30-day-old) and adults (40-day-old) crickets in terms of chemical composition, mineral profile and heavy metal-content, fatty acid profile, crude protein digestibility, and chitin yield. Adults showed significantly higher dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen-free extract, and protein digestibility values, whereas subadults exhibited ether extract and ash content, resulting in higher gross energy. Mineral analysis revealed low levels of toxic elements in both groups, with adults displaying higher selenium and phosphorus concentrations. Fatty acid profiling highlighted marked developmental differences: subadults had higher MUFA and linoleic acid, alongside an unbalanced ω6/ω3 ratio, while adults exhibited a more favourable fatty acid distribution, including increased long-chain ω3 and ω6 derivatives such as arachidonic acid. Chitin extraction revealed no significant differences between groups, although a strong negative correlation was identified between chitin content and crude protein digestibility. Overall, the results indicate that while adults provide superior protein quality and a more balanced lipid profile, subadults offer advantages in terms of energy content and potentially reduced production time. These findings support the strategic integration of <i>A. domesticus</i> at different developmental stages into animal feed formulations and underscore the importance of stage-specific nutritional characterisation for optimising insect-based feed ingredients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 5","pages":"780-791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148470867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Starch Diet Prepartum Enhances IgG Concentration in Goat Colostrum Without Affecting the Transfer of Passive Immunity","authors":"Marta González-Cabrera,&nbsp;Antonio Morales-delaNuez,&nbsp;Anastasio Argüello,&nbsp;Alexandr Torres,&nbsp;Noemí Castro,&nbsp;Lorenzo Enrique Hernández-Castellano","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70089","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpn.70089","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This study hypothesises that a high-starch (HS) diet during the last month of gestation enhances colostrum yield and composition as well as the dam and goat kid metabolism, immune status and performance. Thirty multiparous and pregnant &lt;i&gt;Majorera&lt;/i&gt; dairy goats were randomly assigned to a prepartum dietary treatment (CON vs. HS) on wk −4 relative to the expected parturition. Goats were fed either a control (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 15; 25% DM of starch) or HS (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 15; 32% DM of starch) diet during the last month of gestation. Blood samples were collected on wk −4, −3, −2 and −1 relative to expected parturition, immediately at parturition (d0) and on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30 postpartum in dams and goat kids. Colostrum and milk yield were recorded, and gross chemical composition, somatic cell count (SCC), Brix degrees and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration were determined on d 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30 postpartum. In addition, dam and goat kid blood serum metabolites and plasma IgG concentrations were determined. Data was analysed using linear mixed models in SAS (SAS 9.4) including the prepartum diet, time (&lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;), and the interaction between both as fixed effects. The statistical significance was set as &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.05. The high-starch diet did not have any effect either on colostrum nor on milk yield, gross chemical composition, SCC and Brix degrees. However, the excess of starch on the prepartum diet increased colostrum IgG concentration on d 0 (i.e. first milking) in the HS group compared to the control group (i.e. 85.4 and 61.2 mg/mL, respectively). Serum BHB concentration in the HS group increased progressively from wk −3 to parturition (i.e. 0.20 and 0.24 mmol/L, respectively), whereas the control group showed a sharp increase from wk −1 to parturition (i.e. 0.22 and 0.29 mmol/L, respectively). Calcium, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, urea and albumin concentrations were lower in the HS group compared to the control group during the prepartum period. The high-starch diet prepartum did not influence serum metabolites in the postpartum period except for lactate dehydrogenase, being lower in the first 5 days after parturition in the HS group. In the goat kids, body weight (BW), milk intake and plasma IgG concentrations were not affected by the high-starch diet offered to the dams prepartum except for an increased serum total protein concentration observed on d 1 in the HS group compared to the CON group (i.e. 7.1 vs. 6.5 g/dL, respectively). The present results indicate that a high-starch diet during the last month of gestation does not affect either colostrum yield or composition but increases colostrum IgG concentration, although it did not affect circulating IgG concentrations in goat kids from both groups. Based on the slower fat mobilisation in the HS group, high-starch diets prepartum could promote a smoother transition from late gestation to early lactation in dairy goats. However, other metabolic variables should be considered","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":"110 5","pages":"741-752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpn.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148360894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}