Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery最新文献

{"title":"Current Overview of the Biology and Pharmacology in Sugen/Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats.","authors":"Michel R Corboz, Tam L Nguyen, Andy Stautberg, David Cipolla, Walter R Perkins, Richard W Chapman","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2024.0016","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jamp.2024.0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Sugen 5416/hypoxia (Su/Hx) rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) demonstrates most of the distinguishing features of PAH in humans, including increased wall thickness and obstruction of the small pulmonary arteries along with plexiform lesion formation. Recently, significant advancement has been made describing the epidemiology, genomics, biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology in Su/Hx challenge in rats. For example, there are differences in the overall reactivity to Su/Hx challenge in different rat strains and only female rats respond to estrogen treatments. These conditions are also encountered in human subjects with PAH. Also, there is a good translation in both the biochemical and metabolic pathways in the pulmonary vasculature and right heart between Su/Hx rats and humans, particularly during the transition from the adaptive to the nonadaptive phase of right heart failure. Noninvasive techniques such as echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging have recently been used to evaluate the progression of the pulmonary vascular and cardiac hemodynamics, which are important parameters to monitor the efficacy of drug treatment over time. From a pharmacological perspective, most of the compounds approved clinically for the treatment of PAH are efficacious in Su/Hx rats. Several compounds that show efficacy in Su/Hx rats have advanced into phase II/phase III studies in humans with positive results. Results from these drug trials, if successful, will provide additional treatment options for patients with PAH and will also further validate the excellent translation that currently exists between Su/Hx rats and the human PAH condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":"37 5","pages":"241-283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are the Reference Values for the Provocative Concentration of Methacholine Appropriate for Children?","authors":"Allan L Coates, Myrtha E Reyna, Cathy C Doyle, Mark W Nagel","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2024.0012","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jamp.2024.0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Preliminary data in a randomly selected pediatric cohort study in 8-year-olds suggested a rate of positivity to a methacholine challenge test that was unexpectedly high, roughly 30%. The current recommendation for a negative methacholine test is a 20% decrease in the forced expiratory volume in one second at a dose greater than 400 μg. This was derived from studies in adults using the obsolete English Wright nebulizer. One explanation for the high incidence of positivity in the study in 8-year-olds could be that children deposit more methacholine on a μg/kg basis than adults, due to differences in their breathing patterns. The purpose of this study was to determine if pediatric breathing patterns could result in a higher dose of methacholine depositing in the lungs of children based on μg/kg body weight compared with adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An AeroEclipse Breath Actuated nebulizer delivered methacholine aerosol, generated from a 16 mg/mL solution, for one minute, using age-appropriate breathing patterns for a 70 kg adult and a 30 and 50 kg child produced by a breathing simulator. Predicted lung deposition was calculated from the collected dose of methacholine on a filter placed at the nebulizer outport, multiplied by the fraction of the aerosol mass contained in particles ≤5 μm. The dose of methacholine on the inspiratory filter was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Particle size was measured using laser diffraction technology. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean (95% confidence intervals) predicted pulmonary dose of methacholine was 46.1 (45.4, 46.8), 48.6 (45.3, 51.9), and 36.1 (34.2, 37.9) μg/kg body weight for the 30 kg child, 50 kg child, and 70 kg adult, respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> On a μg/kg body weight, the predicted pulmonary dose of methacholine was greater with the pediatric breathing patterns than with the adult pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":" ","pages":"220-224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suboptimal Peak Inspiratory Flow in Patients Hospitalized for COPD Exacerbation: Prevalence and Predictive Factors.","authors":"Almudena González-Montaos, Luis Pazos-Area, Cristina Represas-Represas, Cristina Ramos-Hernández, Irene Lojo-Rodríguez, Ana Priegue-Carrera, Luz Aballe-Santos, Alberto Fernández-Villar","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2024.0002","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jamp.2024.0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Despite the importance of an adequate peak inspiratory flow (PIF) during inhaled therapy in patients with COPD, the available evidence in patients with severe exacerbations and their evolution after admission is limited. We conducted this study to evaluate the PIF during an exacerbation, its variability, and predictors of suboptimal PIF. <b><i>Material and Methods:</i></b> A prospective study that included patients admitted for COPD exacerbation. Clinical, demographic, and functional variables were recorded. Using the In-Check DIAL G16^®, PIF without resistance (PIF-nr) and that obtained by simulating the resistance of the patients' usual inhalers (PIF) were determined within the first 48 hours of admission and prior to discharge; also assessed during a stable phase in a subgroup of patients. The results were compared and, through a multivariate study, the factors related to a suboptimal PIF were analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 137 patients were included; 27% were women and the mean age was 69.4 ± 9.8 years. Moreover, 30.8% of the participants with dry powder inhalers had a suboptimal PIF at admission and it was independently associated with female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 8.635; 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.007, 37.152]; <i>p</i> < 0.01) and forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (FEV1) (OR = 0.997; 95% CI: [0.995, 0.999]; <i>p</i> = 0.04). At discharge, suboptimal PIF reduced to 17% (<i>p</i> < 0.01). PIF-nr increased from the time of admission to the stable phase. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> One third of COPD patients admitted with a severe exacerbation had a suboptimal PIF, being female sex and lower FEV1 independent predictors. PIF-nr improved progressively after the exacerbation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":"37 5","pages":"225-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Systemic Exposure Between Epinephrine Delivered via Metered-Dose Inhalation and Intramuscular Injection.","authors":"Jack Yongfeng Zhang, Mary Ziping Luo, Tony Marrs, Edward M Kerwin, Don A Bukstein","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2024.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jamp.2024.0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Primatene^® MIST, an epinephrine metered-dose inhaler (MDI), has long been questioned by some medical professionals for asthma treatment despite having been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. One of the primary reasons for their concerns stemmed from potential cardiovascular complications following epinephrine administration. However, the majority of documented cardiovascular complications seemed to occur following the injection route of the epinephrine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic exposure of epinephrine delivered through different administration routes and to understand its relationship with cardiovascular effects. Since albuterol inhalers are commonly recommended for asthma, albuterol was also studied as a comparator drug. <b><i>Method:</i></b> A randomized, evaluator-blinded, three-arm crossover study was conducted in 28 healthy adult subjects to compare the profiles of systemic exposure for epinephrine delivered by MDI versus epinephrine intramuscular (IM) injection and albuterol MDI. Serially sampled plasma epinephrine and albuterol levels were measured and compared between treatment groups. Safety was assessed by adverse events, serial vital signs, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and clinical laboratory tests obtained at each crossover dosing visit. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Systemic exogenous drug exposure for inhaled epinephrine MDI (39 pg/mL × hour) was ∼9 times lower than that of epinephrine IM (435 pg/mL × hour) and 122 times lower than that of albuterol MDI (3453 pg/mL × hour) after dose normalization. The C_max in epinephrine MDI (345 pg/mL) was approximately half of that of epinephrine IM (816 pg/mL) and that of albuterol MDI (681 pg/mL). Plasma drug concentrations for epinephrine MDI dropped rapidly to baseline (∼0.6 hour), while epinephrine IM took ∼8 hours, and albuterol MDI required more than 24 hours. Epinephrine MDI and albuterol MDI resulted in minimal, clinically insignificant changes in vital signs and ECGs, whereas epinephrine IM led to mild transient increases in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and corrected QT interval. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Epinephrine MDI (Primatene MIST) had ∼9 times lower systemic drug exposure (SDE) than that of epinephrine IM and ∼122 times lower than that of albuterol MDI. The lower SDE of inhaled epinephrine also correlated with reassuring safety findings, with no significant cardiovascular adverse effects found, compared with transient effects seen after IM epinephrine. <b>Clinical trial registration number:</b> NCT04207840.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhaled Nanoparticulate Systems: Composition, Manufacture and Aerosol Delivery.","authors":"Heidi M Mansour, Priya Muralidharan, Don Hayes","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2024.29117.mk","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jamp.2024.29117.mk","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increasing growth in nanotechnology is evident from the growing number of products approved in the past decade. Nanotechnology can be used in the effective treatment of several pulmonary diseases by developing therapies that are delivered in a targeted manner to select lung regions based on the disease state. Acute or chronic pulmonary disorders can benefit from this type of therapy, including respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary infections (e.g. tuberculosis, <i>Yersinia pestis</i> infection, fungal infections, bacterial infections, and viral infections), lung cancer, cystic fibrosis (CF), pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Modification of size and surface property renders nanoparticles to be targeted to specific sites, which can serve a vital role in innovative pulmonary drug delivery. The nanocarrier type chosen depends on the intended purpose of the formulation and intended physiological target. Liquid nanocarriers and solid-state nanocarriers can carry hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs (e.g. small molecular weight drug molecules, large molecular weight drugs, peptide drugs, and macromolecular biological drugs), while surface modification with polymer can provide cellular targeting, controlled drug release, and/or evasion of phagocytosis by immune cells, depending on the polymer type. Polymeric nanocarriers have versatile architectures, such as linear, branched, and dendritic forms. In addition to the colloidal dispersion liquid state, the various types of nanoparticles can be formulated into the solid state, offering important unique advantages in formulation versatility and enhanced stability of the final product. This chapter describes the different types of nanocarriers, types of inhalation aerosol device platforms, liquid aerosols, respirable powders, and particle engineering design technologies for inhalation aerosols.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":"37 4","pages":"202-218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of 2.5 mg and 1.25 mg Nebulized Salbutamol Compared with Placebo on Transient Tachypnea of the Newborns: A Triple-Blind Phase II/III Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Farhad Abolhasan Choobdar, Zahra Vahedi, Ali Mazouri, Mohammad Torkaman, Nastaran Khosravi, Nasrin Khalesi, Zahra Soltani, Arash Mohazzab, Rezvan Ashkanipour","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2023.0043","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jamp.2023.0043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2.5 and 1.25 mg nebulized salbutamol on Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn (TTN) compared with placebo. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a triple-blind, phase II/III parallel randomized controlled trial in two university-affiliated hospitals with neonatal intensive care units. Newborns with a confirmed diagnosis of TTN, with gestational age >35 weeks and gestational weight >2 kg were included. Cases of asphyxia, meconium aspiration syndrome, and persistent pulmonary hypertension were excluded. Ninety eligible patients were randomly allocated in three intervention groups (2.5 mg salbutamol, 1.25 mg salbutamol, and placebo), and a single-dose nebulized product was prescribed 6 hours after the birth. Safety outcomes included postintervention tachycardia, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, and changes in blood pressure. To evaluate the efficacy, the duration of postintervention tachypnea, TTN clinical score, and clinical and paraclinical respiratory indices were assessed. Parents, Outcome assessors, and data analyzer were blind to the intervention. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was no adverse reaction, including tachycardia, hypokalemia, and jitteriness. Both groups of salbutamol recipients showed significant improvement regarding respiratory rate, TTN clinical score, and oxygenation indices compared with the placebo (<i>p</i>-values <0.001). Nonstatistically significant higher hospital stay was observed in the placebo group. Single 2.5 mg salbutamol nebulization showed a little better outcome than the dose of 1.25 mg, although we could not find statistical superiority. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The newly applied single high dose of 2.5 mg nebulized salbutamol is safe in treating TTN and leads to notable faster improvement of respiratory status without any considerable adverse reaction. <b><i>Registry code:</i></b> IRCT20190328043133N1.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":" ","pages":"180-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Gulf Countries with a Focus on Inhaled Pharmacotherapy.","authors":"Donald P Tashkin, Igor Barjaktarevic, Julio Gomez-Seco, Naser Hassan Behbehani, Arkady Koltun, Urooj Alam Siddiqui","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2023.0016","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jamp.2023.0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable, progressive disease and the third leading cause of death worldwide. The epidemiological data of COPD from Gulf countries are very limited, as it remains underdiagnosed and underestimated. Risk factors for COPD include tobacco cigarette smoking, water pipe smoking (Shisha), exposure to air pollutants, occupational dusts, fumes, and chemicals. Inadequate treatment of COPD leads to worsening of disease. The 2024 GOLD guidelines recommend use of inhaled bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and adjunct therapies for treatment and management of COPD patients based on an individual assessment of the severity of symptoms and risk of exacerbations. This article reviews COPD pharmacotherapy in the Gulf countries and explores the role of nebulization in the management of COPD in this region. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> To review the COPD pharmacotherapy in the Gulf Countries, literature search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, and Google Scholar databases (before December 2022), using search terms such as COPD, nebulization, inhalers/inhalation, aerosols, and Gulf countries. Relevant articles from the reference list of identified studies were reviewed. Consensus statements, expert opinion, and other published review articles were included. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the Gulf countries, pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), soft mist inhalers, and nebulizers are used for drug delivery to COPD patients. pMDIs and DPIs are most prone to errors in technique and other common device handling errors. Nebulization is another mode of inhalation drug delivery, which is beneficial in certain patient populations such as the elderly and patients with cognitive impairment, motor or neuromuscular disorders, and other comorbidities. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> There is no major difference between Gulf countries and rest of the world in the approach to management of COPD. Nebulizers should be considered for patients who have difficulties in accessing or using MDIs and DPIs, irrespective of geographical location.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":" ","pages":"189-201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Peak Inspiratory Flow After Acute Bronchodilation: An Observational Study of Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.","authors":"Roy A Pleasants, Asif Shaikh, Ashley G Henderson, Valentina Bayer, M Bradley Drummond","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2023.0045","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jamp.2023.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Identifying factors influencing peak inspiratory flow (PIF) is essential for aerosol drug delivery in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. While a minimum PIF for dry powder inhalers (DPIs) is established, acute bronchodilator (BD) effects on PIF remain unknown. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> An inspiratory flow meter (In-Check™ DIAL) was used to measure PIF in stable patients during a 24-week observational cross-sectional study. Additionally, bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) was determined using the In-Check DIAL device and spirometry. Patients received four puffs of albuterol, and pre- and post-BD PIF, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), and forced vital capacity were measured. Sixty-three patients completed acute BDR data collection from July 31, 2019, to November 9, 2021. Primary endpoints were pre- and post-BD spirometry and PIF. Statistical analyses included PIF correlations with FEV₁. BD change was assessed according to inhaler resistance and sex (subgroup analysis). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Median patient age was 64.8 years, 85.7% were non-Hispanic White, and 57.1% were female. The median increase in absolute PIF (In-Check DIAL) was 5.0 L/min, and the % PIF change was 8.9%. With albuterol, 57.1% experienced a PIF BD change >5.0%, whereas 49.2% experienced a change >10.0%. Similarly, 55.6% experienced an FEV₁ BD change >5.0% and 28.6% had a >10.0% FEV₁ BD change with albuterol. PIF was weakly correlated with FEV₁ BD change (absolute; % PIF; <i>r</i> = 0.28 [<i>p</i> = 0.02]; <i>r</i> = 0.21 [<i>p</i> = 0.11]). Pre- and post-BD median PIF were 75.5 and 83.5 L/min for low-to-medium-resistance DPI and 45.0 and 52.0 L/min for high-resistance, respectively. The median increases in pre- and post-BD PIF were 9.0 L/min in males and 4.5 L/min in females. In contrast to when using the In-Check DIAL device, we observed no consistent bronchodilatory effects on PIF measured by spirometry. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Using the In-Check DIAL device, ∼50% of patients experienced >10% PIF increase after acute BD, potentially enhancing medication lung deposition. Further research is required to understand PIF's impact on medication delivery. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04168775.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":" ","pages":"171-179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effect of E-Cigarette Inhalation on Mucociliary Clearance in E-Cigarette Users.","authors":"William D Bennett, Phillip W Clapp, Kirby L Zeman, Jihong Wu, Brian Ring, Ilona Jaspers","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2023.0027","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jamp.2023.0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Recent studies show e-cigarette (EC) users have increased rates of chronic bronchitic symptoms that may be associated with depressed mucociliary clearance (MCC). Little is known about the acute or chronic effects of EC inhalation on <i>in vivo</i> MCC. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> <i>In vivo</i> MCC was measured in young adult vapers (<i>n</i> = 5 males, mean age = 21) after controlled inhalation of a radiolabeled (Tc99m sulfur colloid) aerosol. Whole-lung clearance of radiolabeled deposited particles was measured over a 90-minute period for baseline MCC and associated with controlled periodic vaping over the first 60 minutes of MCC measurements. The vaping challenge was administered from a fourth generation box mod EC containing unflavored e-liquid (65% propylene glycol/35% vegetable glycerin, 3 mg/mL freebase nicotine). The challenge was administered at the start of each 10-minute interval of MCC measurements and consisted of 1 puff every 30 seconds for 5 minutes (i.e., 10 puffs for each 10-minute period for a total of 60 puffs during the initial 60 minutes of MCC measurements). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Compared with baseline, peripheral lung average clearance (%) over the 90 minutes of MCC measures was enhanced, associated with EC challenge, 12 (±6) versus 24 (±6), respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05 by Wilcoxon signed-rank test). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Acute enhancement of <i>in vivo</i> MCC during EC challenge is contrary to recent studies showing nicotine-associated slowing of ciliary beat and mucus transport at higher nicotine levels than those used here. However, our findings are consistent with an acute increase in fluid volume and mucin secretion to the bronchial airway surface that is likely short lived. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institutes of Health R01HL139369 and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03700892).</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":" ","pages":"167-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Inspiratory Flows, Inspiratory Pause, and Suction Catheter on Aerosol Drug Delivery with Vibrating Mesh Nebulizers During Mechanical Ventilation.","authors":"Hui-Ling Lin, James B Fink, Jie Li","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2023.0026","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jamp.2023.0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Some experts recommend specific ventilator settings during nebulization for mechanically ventilated patients, such as inspiratory pause, high inspiratory to expiratory ratio, and so on. However, it is unclear whether those settings improve aerosol delivery. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impact of ventilator settings on aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation (MV). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Salbutamol (5.0 mg/2.5 mL) was nebulized by a vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN) in an adult MV model. VMN was placed at the inlet of humidifier and 15 cm away from the Y-piece of the inspiratory limb. Eight scenarios with different ventilator settings were compared with endotracheal tube (ETT) connecting 15 cm from the Y-piece, including tidal volumes of 6-8 mL/kg, respiratory rates of 12-20 breaths/min, inspiratory time of 1.0-2.5 seconds, inspiratory pause of 0-0.3 seconds, and bias flow of 3.5 L/min. In-line suction catheter was utilized in two scenarios. Delivered drug distal to the ETT was collected by a filter, and drug was assayed by an ultraviolet spectrophotometry (276 nm). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Compared to the use of inspiratory pause, the inhaled dose without inspiratory pause was either higher or similar across all ventilation settings. Inhaled dose was negatively correlated with inspiratory flow with VMN placed at 15 cm away from the Y-piece (<i>r_s</i> = -0.68, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and at the inlet of humidifier (<i>r_s</i> = -0.83, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The utilization of in-line suction catheter reduced inhaled dose, regardless of the ventilator settings and nebulizer placements. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> When VMN was placed at the inlet of humidifier, directly connecting the Y-piece to ETT without a suction catheter improved aerosol delivery. In this configuration, the inhaled dose increased as the inspiratory flow decreased, inspiratory pause had either no or a negative impact on aerosol delivery. The inhaled dose was greater with VMN placed at the inlet of humidifier than 15 cm away the Y-piece.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":" ","pages":"125-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}