Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery最新文献

{"title":"Design of <i>In Vivo</i> Deposition and Clearance Experiments.","authors":"William D Bennett","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2022.29069.wdb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jamp.2022.29069.wdb","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experiments designed to image <i>in vivo</i> deposition of radiolabel-drug mixtures are useful for estimating inhaled drug delivery and for assessing bioequivalence of delivery devices. Validation of the radiolabel-drug mixture is vital to ensure that subsequent imaging is reflective of drug deposition. Application of gamma attenuation corrections allows both total and regional lung deposition of drug to be estimated by two-dimensional (2D) imaging. Imaging methods are also useful for measuring <i>in vivo</i> mucociliary clearance (MC) function. Such measures allow assessment of the efficacy of drugs designed to improve clearance of airway secretions in airway disease. MC rates can be measured by controlled inhalation and gamma camera monitoring of radiolabeled aerosols containing non-permeating tracers. While <i>in vivo</i> MC rates reflect the function of the mucociliary apparatus, they are also dependent on regional deposition patterns of the inhaled aerosol.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":"35 5","pages":"286-290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10470753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duplicate Prescription Rates of Long-Acting Bronchodilator Inhalers.","authors":"Dekel Shlomi,&nbsp;Jacob Cohen,&nbsp;Adi Alon,&nbsp;Bernice Oberman,&nbsp;Irit Katz","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2021.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jamp.2021.0065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Long-acting bronchodilator inhalers are widely used with or without inhaled corticosteroids (ICs) by patients with lung diseases. In Israel alone, there are 21 inhalers containing long-acting β2 agonists (LABAs) and/or long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs). Some patients are treated incorrectly with several inhalers of the same pharmacologic group. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Electronic data of LABA and/or LAMA inhalers purchased during a period of 1 year were extracted in one district of Clalit Health Services in Israel. Patients who were treated with two or more inhalers from the same pharmacologic group were compared with patients without duplicate treatment. Inhaler purchases during the 12 months before and after the first duplicate purchase were compared with the purchases by patients without duplication of treatment. New diagnoses were compared to identify possible side effects. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 13,528 patients who were treated with LABA and/or LAMA inhalers, 244 (1.8%) purchased at least two different inhalers from the same pharmacologic group. Inhaler purchases were 3.8 times higher in the duplication group during the 12 months before the first duplication. Inhaler purchase increased by 28% in the duplication group compared with a 4.5% increase in the nonduplication group (<i>p</i> < 0.001) during the following year. The risk for duplicated consumption was significantly higher in patients with a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnosis, males, and persons aged between 61 and 80 years. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Nearly 2% of the patients treated with long-acting bronchodilators consumed different medications of the same pharmacologic group even when adherence was satisfactory. COPD patients are at higher risk for inhaler duplication. Clinical Trial Registration Number: 0151-20-COM1.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":"35 5","pages":"252-258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10774451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suitability of Bronchoscopic Spraying for Fluid Deposition in Lower Airway Regions: Fluorescence Analysis on a Transparent <i>In Vitro</i> Airway Model.","authors":"Stefanie Gürzing,&nbsp;Anja L Thiebes,&nbsp;Christian G Cornelissen,&nbsp;Stefan Jockenhoevel,&nbsp;Manuel A Reddemann","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2022.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jamp.2022.0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Bronchoscopic spraying has potential for the application of therapeutic drugs in distal regions of the lung by bypassing the upper airways. However, there is a lack of understanding about the underlying fluid transport phenomena that are responsible for the intrapulmonary propagation of applied liquid. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> By using a transparent airway model, this study provides first experimental insights into relevant transport phenomena of bronchoscopic spraying. Furthermore, the penetration depth of the application is quantitatively evaluated. Laser-induced fluorescence is used to analyze fluid propagation in the transparent channels. Potential influencing factors such as the positioning in different airways, application number, breathing pattern, and lung obstructions are varied within this study to determine their influence on liquid deposition. <b><i>Findings:</i></b> This study shows that the method of bronchoscopic spraying allows the application of liquid in distal regions of the airway model. The position of the bronchoscope is a key influencing factor in increasing the penetration depth. We found that fluid transport along the distal airways essentially occurs by the film and plug flow phenomenon during application, which is similar to the transport mechanisms during instillation. Liquid plugs in lower airways are responsible for the reorganization of liquid during proximal movements and thereby influence the penetration depth in subsequent applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":"35 5","pages":"269-277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10409577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhalation Potential of Rifampicin-Loaded Novel Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Lung Delivery: Physicochemical Characterization, <i>In Vitro</i> Aerosolization and Antimycobacterial Studies.","authors":"Sima Kujur,&nbsp;Arti Singh,&nbsp;Charan Singh","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2022.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jamp.2022.0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim of the current study was to examine the potential of a rifampicin-loaded metal-organic framework (RIF@ZIF-8) for management of tuberculosis. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> RIF@ZIF-8 was developed using a simple, economic, and environmentally friendly ultrasonication method. Furthermore, the developed metal-organic framework (MOF) formulations were subjected to physicochemical characterization analyses such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetric analysis, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV spectroscopy. In addition, <i>in vitro</i> release, powder flow characterization, <i>in vitro</i> lung deposition, and efficacy studies against the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB) H37Rv strain were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Physicochemical characterization confirms its spherical shape and drug loading, whereas <i>in vitro</i> release analysis shows 80.5 ± 5.5% release of the drug from the loaded formulation within 48 hours. Furthermore, powder flow properties suggested that the nature of MOFs is free flowing. Additionally, <i>in vitro</i> lung deposition studies indicated an emission fraction of 88.02 ± 10.23% for the emitted dose and circa 21% fine particle fraction. The mass median aerodynamic diameter and geometric standard deviation were found to be 4.42 ± 0.07 μm and 1.55 ± 01 μm, respectively. The <i>in vitro</i> aerosol performance study demonstrated higher deposition at stages 3, 4, and 5 of the cascade impactors, which simulate deep lung delivery in terms of the trachea-primary bronchus and secondary and terminal bronchi of the human lung, respectively. Moreover, RIF@ZIF-8 exhibited improved antimycobacterial activity (0.0125 mg/mL) <i>vis-à-vis</i> an unformulated drug (0.025 mg/mL) against the MTB H37Rv strain, using the BACTEC 460TB system. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Therefore, MOFs could be promising nanocarriers for targeting lungs and overcoming the hepatotoxicity associated with antituberculosis drugs requiring inhalation administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":"35 5","pages":"259-268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10758054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Analysis of Nasal Interface Options for High-Efficiency Aerosol Administration to Preterm Infants.","authors":"Connor Howe,&nbsp;Mohammad A M Momin,&nbsp;Karl Bass,&nbsp;Ghali Aladwani,&nbsp;Serena Bonasera,&nbsp;Michael Hindle,&nbsp;Philip Worth Longest","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2021.0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jamp.2021.0057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> An infant air-jet dry powder inhaler (DPI) platform has recently been developed that in combination with highly dispersible spray-dried powder formulations can achieve high-efficiency aerosolization with low actuation air volumes. The objective of this study was to investigate modifications to the nasal interface section of this platform to improve the aerosol delivery performance through preterm nose-throat (NT) models. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Aerosol delivery performance of multiple nasal interface flow pathways and prong configurations was assessed with two <i>in vitro</i> preterm infant NT models. Two excipient-enhanced growth (EEG) dry powder formulations were explored containing either l-leucine or trileucine as the dispersion enhancer. Performance metrics included aerosol depositional loss in the nasal interface, deposition in the NT models, and tracheal filter deposition, which was used to estimate lung delivery efficiency. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The best performing nasal interface replaced the straight flexible prong of the original gradual expansion design with a rigid curved prong (∼20° curvature). The prong modification increased the lung delivery efficiency by 5%-10% (absolute difference) depending on the powder formulation. Adding a metal mesh to the flow pathway, to dissipate the turbulent jet, also improved lung delivery efficiency by ∼5%, while reducing the NT depositional loss by a factor of over twofold compared with the original nasal interface. The platform was also found to perform similarly in two different preterm NT models, with no statistically significant difference between any of the performance metrics. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Modifications to the nasal interface of an infant air-jet DPI improved the aerosol delivery through multiple infant NT models, providing up to an additional 10% lung delivery efficiency (absolute difference) with the lead design delivering ∼57% of the loaded dose to the tracheal filter, while performance in two unique preterm airway geometries remained similar.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":"35 4","pages":"196-211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9416545/pdf/jamp.2021.0057.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9915694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical Deposition Correlations.","authors":"Andrew R. Martin, W. Finlay","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2022.29062.arm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jamp.2022.29062.arm","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, empirical correlations for predicting respiratory tract deposition of inhaled aerosols have been developed using limited available in vivo data. More recently, advances in medical image segmentation and additive manufacturing processes have allowed researchers to conduct extensive in vitro deposition experiments in realistic replicas of the upper and central branching airways. This work has led to a collection of empirical equations for predicting regional aerosol deposition, especially in the upper, nasal and oral airways. The present section reviews empirical correlations based on both in vivo and in vitro data, which may be used to predict total and regional deposition. Equations are presented for predicting total respiratory deposition fraction, mouth-throat fraction, nasal, and nose-throat fractions for a large variety of aerosol sizes, subject age groups, and breathing maneuvers. Use of these correlations to estimate total lung deposition is also described.","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":"32 1","pages":"109-120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75843927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a Surfactant Additive on Drug Transport and Distribution Uniformity After Aerosol Delivery to <i>Ex Vivo</i> Lungs.","authors":"Nicholas D Hages,&nbsp;John C Sembrat,&nbsp;Lawrence Weber,&nbsp;Darragh J Johnston,&nbsp;Amy Z Stetten,&nbsp;Madeline Sauleda,&nbsp;Brian Mulhern,&nbsp;Robert D Tilton,&nbsp;Stephen Garoff,&nbsp;Mauricio Rojas,&nbsp;Timothy E Corcoran","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2021.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jamp.2021.0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Inhaled drug delivery can be limited by heterogeneous dose distribution. An additive that would disperse drug over the internal surfaces of the lung after aerosol deposition could improve dosing uniformity and increase the treated area. Our previous studies demonstrated that surfactant additives can produce surface tension-driven (Marangoni) flows that effectively dispersed aerosol-delivered drugs over mucus surfaces. Here we sought to determine whether the addition of a surfactant would increase transport of an aerosol between lung regions and also improve dosing uniformity in human lungs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We compared the deposition and postdeposition dispersion of surfactant (10 mg/mL dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; DPPC) and saline-based liquid aerosols, admixed with Technetium 99m (Tc99m) diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, using gamma scintigraphy. Deposition images were obtained <i>ex vivo</i> in eight pairs of ventilated human lungs. The trachea was intubated and the mainstem bronchi were alternately clamped so that saline was delivered to one lung and then DPPC to the other (sides alternated). The lungs were continually imaged for 15 minutes during delivery. We assessed transport of the deposited aerosol by quantifying the percentage of Tc99m in each of four lung quadrants over time. We quantified dose uniformity within each lung quadrant by measuring the coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation of the pixel associated radioactive counts/mean of the counts within each quadrant). <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was no change in the percentage of Tc99m in each quadrant over time, indicating no improvement in transport with the addition of the surfactant. The addition of surfactant was associated with a statistically significant decrease in CV in the lower inner lung quadrant at each of the three time points, indicating an improvement in dosing uniformity. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These preliminary results indicate the possible utility of adding surfactant to aerosols to improve drug distribution uniformity to lower inner lung regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":"35 3","pages":"146-153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9242716/pdf/jamp.2021.0006.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9554769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Performance of the Wixela Inhub Inhaler Using Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patient Inhalation Profiles.","authors":"Thomas Shepherd,&nbsp;Matthew Kennett,&nbsp;Andrew Cooper,&nbsp;Adrian Parkinson","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2021.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jamp.2021.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Wixela Inhub (trademarks of Viatris, Inc.) is a dry powder inhaler (DPI) that delivers a fixed-dose combination of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol and is approved as a generic equivalent to Advair Diskus (trademarks of GlaxoSmithKline plc) for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The dosing performance of DPIs is dependent on the patient's inspiratory capability, which may be impacted in disease populations such as those with severe COPD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the <i>in vitro</i> dose delivery of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol from the Inhub inhaler with <i>in vivo</i> inhalation profiles of severe COPD patients, using two types of breathing simulator with different modes of operation. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Two breathing simulators (Si-Plan and Copley BRS3100) were used with United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) <601> apparatus 5 (Next Generation Impactor and accessories) to measure the total emitted dose and fine particle mass of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol for Wixela Inhub (250/50 mcg) using 13 severe COPD patient inhalation profiles. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Wixela Inhub demonstrated low flow dependency across the range of COPD patient profiles tested (peak inspiratory flow rate 60.8-84.9 L minute^-1), when assessed by total emitted dose and fine particle mass. The results were similar to literature results reported for fluticasone propionate from the Diskus inhaler, tested using a proprietary breathing simulator and Andersen Cascade Impactor. Comparison between the breathing simulators showed no significant difference in fluticasone propionate results, but a small difference was observed between the breathing simulators for salmeterol total emitted dose and fine particle mass. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study demonstrates that severe COPD patients are likely to achieve a consistent inhaled dose from Wixela Inhub, with low flow dependency observed within this patient population. In addition, both breathing simulators, which differ significantly in design, produced similar results for fluticasone propionate, but yielded slightly (but statistically significant) different results for salmeterol.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":"35 3","pages":"154-165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6e/5e/jamp.2021.0017.PMC9242708.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10470704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Accuracy of the Digihaler, a New Electronic Multidose Dry-Powder Inhaler, in Measuring Inhalation Parameters.","authors":"Henry Chrystyn,&nbsp;Dinesh Saralaya,&nbsp;Anil Shenoy,&nbsp;Sophie Toor,&nbsp;Kari Kastango,&nbsp;Enric Calderon,&nbsp;Thomas Li,&nbsp;Guilherme Safioti","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2021.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jamp.2021.0031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The Digihaler^® is a Food and Drug Administration-approved, digital multidose dry powder inhaler with an integrated electronic module that provides patients and health care professionals with feedback on inhalation parameters, including usage, adherence, and technique. This study compared inhalation parameters measured using the Digihaler with readings made simultaneously using an inhalation profile recorder (IPR). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This single-visit, open-label study enrolled children (4-17 years) and adults (18-55 years) with asthma, and adults (≥55 years) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Participants made three separate inhalations using an empty Digihaler device, each measured simultaneously by the Digihaler and IPR. Inhalation profiles were downloaded from the devices at the end of the study. Inhalation parameters measured included peak inspiratory flow (PIF) and inhaled volume (inhV). The profile with the highest PIF and corresponding IPR profile were analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 150 participants were enrolled; inhalation data were available for 148 (50 children and 49 adults with asthma, and 49 with COPD). Mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 39.1 (24.5) years; 51% of participants were male. Overall mean (SD) PIFs as measured by the Digihaler and IPR were 70.62 (17.73) L/min and 72.55 (19.42) L/min, respectively, with a mean percentage difference of -1.75% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.64 to 0.15). Mean percentage differences between the Digihaler and IPR measurements of PIF ranged from -2.97% among adults with COPD to 0.16% among children with asthma. Overall mean (SD) inhV for the Digihaler and IPR were 1.57 (0.69) L and 1.67 (0.73) L, respectively, with a mean percentage difference of -6.11 (95% CI: -8.08 to -4.13). There was a strong correlation between PIF and inhV measurements taken by the Digihaler and those taken by the IPR (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.96). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our findings confirm the ability of the Digihaler to provide accurate measurement of inhalation parameters when used by patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":"35 3","pages":"166-177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9242715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10528077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving Forward from \"Fine Particle Fraction: The Good and the Bad\".","authors":"J. Mitchell, W. Doub, J. D. Christopher, C. Gruenloh, R. B. Patel, M. Copley, Steven Tignor, S. Stein, S. Lyapustina, Stephen P Newman","doi":"10.1089/jamp.2022.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jamp.2022.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89917186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}