Minimizing Aerosol Leakage from Facemasks in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Mylene G H Frankfort, Iris Lauwers, Emerentia M C Pruijn, Sjoerd F Dijkstra, Liza H G Boormans, Nicolaas A Schouten, Corrinus C van Donkelaar, Hettie M Janssens
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Aerosol therapies with vented facemasks are considered a risk for nosocomial transmission of viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The transmission risk can be decreased by minimizing aerosol leakage and filtering the exhaled air. Objective: In this study, we determined which closed facemask designs show the least leakage. Methods: Smoke leakage was quantified during in- and exhalation in a closed system with expiration filter for three infant, six child, and six adult facemasks (three times each mask), using age-appropriate anatomical face models and breathing patterns. To assess leakage, smoke release was recorded and cumulative average pixel intensity (cAPI) was calculated. Results: In the adult group, aircushion edges resulted in less leakage than soft edges (cAPI: 407 ± 250 vs. 774 ± 152) (p = 0.004). The Intersurgical® Economy 5 mask (cAPI: 146 ± 87) also released less smoke than the Intersurgical® Clearlite 5 (cAPI: 748 ± 68) mask with the same size, but different geometry and edge type (p-value <0.05). Moreover, mask size had an effect, as there was a difference between Intersurgical® Economy 4 (cAPI: 708 ± 346) and 5, which have the same geometry but a different size (p-value <0.05). Finally, repositioning masks increased the standard deviations. Mask leakage was not dependent on breathing patterns within the child group. Conclusions: Mask leakage can be minimized by using a closed system with a well-fitting mask that is appropriately positioned. To decrease leakage, and therewith minimize potential viral transmission, selecting a well-fitting mask with an aircushion edge is to be recommended.

在COVID-19大流行中尽量减少口罩的气溶胶泄漏。
背景:使用通气面罩进行气溶胶治疗被认为存在严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒等病毒在医院传播的风险。通过尽量减少气溶胶泄漏和过滤呼出的空气,可以降低传播风险。目的:在本研究中,我们确定哪种封闭式口罩设计具有最少的泄漏。方法:使用与年龄相适应的解剖面部模型和呼吸模式,对3个婴儿、6个儿童和6个成人面罩(每个面罩3次)在带呼气过滤器的封闭系统中吸入和呼出时的烟雾泄漏进行量化。为了评估泄漏,记录了烟雾释放并计算了累积平均像素强度(cAPI)。结果:在成人组中,气垫边缘导致的渗漏比软边缘少(cAPI: 407±250比774±152)(p = 0.004)。与尺寸相同但几何形状和边缘类型不同的Intersurgical®Economy 5口罩(cAPI: 146±87)相比,尺寸相同但几何形状和边缘类型不同的Intersurgical®Clearlite 5 (cAPI: 748±68)口罩(p-value®Economy 4 (cAPI: 708±346)和边缘类型不同的Intersurgical®Clearlite 5口罩(p-value®Economy 4)和边缘类型相同但尺寸不同的Intersurgical®Clearlite 5口罩(p-value)释放的烟雾也更少。为了减少泄漏,从而最大限度地减少潜在的病毒传播,建议选择合适的带有气垫边缘的口罩。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
2.90%
发文量
34
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery is the only peer-reviewed journal delivering innovative, authoritative coverage of the health effects of inhaled aerosols and delivery of drugs through the pulmonary system. The Journal is a forum for leading experts, addressing novel topics such as aerosolized chemotherapy, aerosolized vaccines, methods to determine toxicities, and delivery of aerosolized drugs in the intubated patient. Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery coverage includes: Pulmonary drug delivery Airway reactivity and asthma treatment Inhalation of particles and gases in the respiratory tract Toxic effects of inhaled agents Aerosols as tools for studying basic physiologic phenomena.
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