Journal of Aging Research最新文献

{"title":"Elderly Care: A Study on Community Care Services in Sleman, DIY, Indonesia.","authors":"Sumini,&nbsp;Sukamdi,&nbsp;Evita Hanie Pangaribowo,&nbsp;Yeremias T Keban,&nbsp;Muhadjir Darwin","doi":"10.1155/2020/3983290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3983290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elderly care services are important to provide in response to the rapid growth of the elderly population. In developing countries like Indonesia, the speed of growth of the elderly population does not simultaneously occur, so the needs for care services vary. This study discusses the emergence of home care services in response to the increase in elderly population. By taking the case of community home care services in Sleman, this study found the pattern and process of the emergence of local initiatives in home care services. This study also revealed an important factor affecting the implementation of community home care services, that is, leadership.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"3983290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/3983290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37977170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Vitamin D and Its Association with Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.","authors":"Sadia Sultan,&nbsp;Uzma Taimuri,&nbsp;Shatha Abdulrzzaq Basnan,&nbsp;Waad Khalid Ai-Orabi,&nbsp;Afaf Awadallah,&nbsp;Fatimah Almowald,&nbsp;Amira Hazazi","doi":"10.1155/2020/6097820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6097820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D is a neurosteroid hormone that regulates neurotransmitters and neurotrophins. It has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. It increases neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor which further promotes brain health. Moreover, it is also helpful in the prevention of amyloid accumulation and promotes amyloid clearance. Emerging evidence suggests its role in the reduction of Alzheimer's disease hallmarks such as amyloid-beta and phosphorylated tau. Many preclinical studies have supported the hypothesis that vitamin D leads to attentional, behavioral problems and cognitive impairment. Cross-sectional studies have consistently found that vitamin D levels are significantly low in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment compared to healthy adults. Longitudinal studies and meta-analysis have also exhibited an association of low vitamin D with cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Despite such evidence, the causal association cannot be sufficiently answered. In contrast to observational studies, findings from interventional studies have produced mixed results on the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment and dementia. The biggest issue of the existing RCTs is their small sample size, lack of consensus over the dose, and age of initiation of vitamin D supplements to prevent cognitive impairment. Therefore, there is a need for large double-blind randomized control trials to assess the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"6097820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/6097820","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37927095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Incontinence in Frail Elderly Females.","authors":"Walaa W Aly,&nbsp;Hala S Sweed,&nbsp;Nora A Mossad,&nbsp;Mohammad F Tolba","doi":"10.1155/2020/2425945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2425945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>/<i>Purpose</i>. Urinary incontinence (UI) is an important geriatric health problem, and it is linked to frailty syndrome. We had conducted a study to detect the prevalence and risk factors of UI and its effect on quality of life (QOL) among frail elderly females living in Cairo, Egypt. <i>Methods</i>. We carried out a cross-sectional study on 130 frail elderly females sixty years and older, attending Ain Shams Geriatrics Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Each patient gave oral consent and then was subjected to history taking, full clinical examination, diagnosis of frailty (clinical frailty scale), assessment of UI by the Arabic version of International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF), assessment of QOL by using the Arabic version of Incontinence Impact Questionnaire Short Form (IIQ-7 SF), and complete urine analysis. <i>Results</i>. The prevalence of UI among the studied population was 80%. Mixed UI was the most prevalent type. UI was significantly associated with older age, functional impairment, multiparity, osteoarthritis, stroke, vaginal prolapse, and laxative use. All IIQ-7 subscales were higher (worse health-related QOL) for women with mixed UI. <i>Conclusion</i>. Urinary incontinence is prevalent in frail elderly females. Mixed UI, compared with other types, has a significant negative impact on all domains of quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"2425945"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/2425945","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37927092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating miR-34a and Bone Mineral Density of Brazilian Very-Old Adults.","authors":"Otávio T Nóbrega, Gilberto S Morais-Junior, Nayara I Viana, Sabrina T Reis, Diego I V Perez, Wladimir M Freitas, Andrei C Sposito, Kátia R M Leite, Miguel Srougi","doi":"10.1155/2020/3431828","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/3431828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human aging is marked by several body changes, including in bone mineral density (BMD). Research shows that microRNAs are important modulators of bone metabolism. The present research aims to analyze the whole blood concentration of 10 selected microRNAs (miRs) and their association with absolute and relative scores of BMD in specific osseous site of Brazilian very-old adults. Forty noninstitutionalized and apparently healthy, very old (≥80 years) outpatients were eligible for research. Anthropometry, biochemistry, and densitometry measurements were performed along with coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores and tested across total circulating levels of microRNAs. As expected, the relative BMD scores for the lumbosacral region (L1 to S5) and for the femoral head and neck observed in the sample denote weakened bone architecture, compatible with prevalent osteopenia and osteoporosis. In this context, one single significant association was found, and negatively implicated the miR-34a-5p with both absolute (<i>β</i> = -0.36, <i>P</i>=0.001 for BMD) and relative (<i>β</i> = -0.43, <i>P</i>=0.001 for T-score) densitometry indexes of the femoral head (adjusted to sex and physical activity practice), but not with the other sites. No difference in total blood concentrations of the miRs was found according to CAC scores. Our findings indicate greater circulating levels for miR-34a-5p among very-old adults who display the lowest scores of BMD, being a finding consistent with a modest contribution of the miR (along with co-variables) to the mineralization of that site. Attesting clinical relevance of our findings demands forthcoming studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"3431828"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7196151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37908800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age- and Organ-Specific Differences in Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Brown Norway Rats.","authors":"Jignesh D Pandya, Matthew Valdez, Joyce E Royland, Robert C MacPhail, Patrick G Sullivan, Prasada Rao S Kodavanti","doi":"10.1155/2020/7232614","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/7232614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondria play a central role in energy homeostasis and act as regulatory checkpoints for downstream metabolic responses and cell senescence processes during an entire life span. Acute or chronic environmental toxicant exposures have shown deleterious organ-specific human health issues at various life stages. Since mitochondria are a prime target for ensuing cellular bioenergetics responses and senescence, it is essential to understand mitochondrial bioenergetic responses in different organs over multiple life stages. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters in the liver, lung, and heart in four diverse age groups (young: 1 month; adult: 4 months; middle-aged: 12 months; old-aged: 24 month) using male Brown Norway rats as a model of aging (<i>n</i> = 5 sample size/organ/age group) and compared them with our previously published results on brain. Real-time mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters (i.e., State III, State IV, and State V) were measured using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Additionally, mitochondrial enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), Complex I, Complex II, and Complex IV activities were measured using Synergy HT plate reader. Our results indicated that nearly in all parameters, significant age- and organ-specific interactions were observed. We observed age-specific declines in State III (i.e., ATP synthesis rate) responses in both the heart and lung, where opposite was observed in the liver as age advances. Across the age, the heart has highest enzyme activities than the liver and lung. Interestingly, heart and liver mitochondrial bioenergetic rates and enzyme activities remain higher than the lung, which specifies their higher metabolic capabilities than the lung. Amongst all, bioenergetic rates and enzyme activities in the lung remain lowest suggesting the lung may display higher vulnerability and lower resilience to environmental toxicants during aging than other organs tested here. Overall, these age- and organ-specific findings may facilitate a more contextualized understanding of mitochondrial bioenergetic outcomes when considering the interactions of age-related sensitivities with exposure to chemical stressors from the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"7232614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37857278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Race and Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE): The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort.","authors":"Ericha G Franey,&nbsp;Donna Kritz-Silverstein,&nbsp;Erin L Richard,&nbsp;John E Alcaraz,&nbsp;Caroline M Nievergelt,&nbsp;Richard A Shaffer,&nbsp;Vibha Bhatnagar","doi":"10.1155/2020/7417242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7417242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>To evaluate the association of self-reported race with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and modification of this association by paraoxonase gene (<i>PON</i>1, <i>PON</i>2, and <i>PON</i>3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Included in this longitudinal study were 12,770 black or white participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort who completed a baseline visit (1987-1989) with <i>PON</i> genotyping. Demographic, behavioral, and health information was obtained at baseline. MACE was defined as first occurrence of myocardial infarction, stroke, or CHD-related death through 2004. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between race and MACE after adjustment for age, gender, and other demographic and cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension. Modification of the association between <i>PON</i> SNPs and MACE was also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Blacks comprised 24.6% of the ARIC cohort; overall, 14.0% of participants developed MACE. Compared with whites, blacks had 1.24 times greater hazard of MACE (OR = 1.24,95%CI = 1.10,1.39) than whites after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, cigarette and alcohol use, educational and marital status, and aspirin use. This association became nonsignificant after further adjustment for high cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension. None of the evaluated SNPs met the significance level (<i>p</i> < 0.001) after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No association between race and MACE was identified after adjusting for high cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension, suggesting that comorbidities are major determinants of MACE; medical intervention with focus on lifestyle and health management could ameliorate the development of MACE. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"7417242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/7417242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37827377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Mass Loss and Sarcopenia in Ecuadorian Patients.","authors":"M Intriago, G Maldonado, R Guerrero, O D Messina, C Rios","doi":"10.1155/2020/1072675","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/1072675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the association between osteoporosis and sarcopenia and determine the prevalence of osteosarcopenia in patients who attended a rheumatology center in Ecuador.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of patients who had a densitometric study. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was determined by the DXA standard gold test, screening, and conventional methods (bioimpedance, anthropometric measurements, SARC-F, muscle function, and gait test).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 92 patients were studied. The median age was 66 ± 10, 90% females. Using the criteria of SMI, 65% had sarcopenia of which 9% had only sarcopenia and 56% had osteosarcopenia; 22% had only osteopenia/osteoporosis; and 13% none of these conditions. The prevalence of sarcopenia according to handgrip strength was 60%, gait speed 45%, and SARC-F score 40%. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia according to handgrip strength was 51%, gait speed 34%, and SARC-F score 32%. Osteoporosis was associated with a higher prevalence of sarcopenia using the criteria of SMI since 40% had sarcopenia in the normal DXA group, 64% in the osteopenia group, and 76% in the osteoporosis group (<i>p</i>=0.017). Of the women, 69% had sarcopenia compared to 33% of the men (<i>p</i>=0.034). The BMI was lower in the group with sarcopenia (25.1 ± 4.1 kg/m²) compared to the group without sarcopenia (29.4 ± 4.1 kg/m², <i>p</i> < 0.001). Patients with osteosarcopenia and sarcopenia had lower BMI, handgrip strength, ASM, SMI, and total-body skeletal muscle mass than those with osteopenia/osteoporosis or normal patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>65% of the studied population had sarcopenia. It is clear that the prevalence of sarcopenia is higher in patients with greater loss of bone mass. Identifying pathways that affect both bone and muscle could facilitate the development of treatments that simultaneously improve osteoporosis and sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"1072675"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37810281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Autonomy Affects Elderly Spatial Perception in Body-Centered Coordinates.","authors":"Giorgia Committeri,&nbsp;Valentina Sebastiani,&nbsp;Francesco de Pasquale,&nbsp;Massimiliano Stocchi,&nbsp;Chiara Fini","doi":"10.1155/2020/5694790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5694790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the action-specific theory of perception, a person's dynamic ability to act in the environment affects her/his spatial perception. Empirical evidence shows that the elderly perceive distances as farther compared with younger adults and that the harder the ground surface to walk, the farther the perceived distance. Such results suggest a general perceptual readaptation promoted by the aging process that is fine-tuned with the decline of the motor resources. However, it is still unknown whether the elderly space perception is affected by interindividual differences in their functional autonomy (FA) and whether the decline of motor resources affects spatial categorization only when distances are judged with reference to the observer's own body or also when they are judged with reference to the body of another agent present in the scene. To this aim, a sample of elderly adults with preserved cognitive functions but different levels of FA, measured through the Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) scale, were enrolled and tested on the extrapersonal space categorization task. This task requires judging the position of a target as \"Near\" or \"Far\" with respect to different reference frames (RFs): centered on the observer's body (Self RF) or centered on external elements, like another body (Other RF) or an object (Object RF). Results indicated that the higher the level of FA, the wider the space categorized as \"Near\" when adopting as reference frame our own body or the body of another agent in the scene, but not a static object. In conclusion, the individual functional autonomy of elderly individuals, which is strongly influenced by motor resources and efficiency, modulates how the surrounding space is represented, but only when the distance judgment implies an agent body, thus providing new relevant data for recent embodied cognition models of aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"5694790"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/5694790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37717470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin K Concentration and Cognitive Status in Elderly Patients on Anticoagulant Therapy: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Ludovico Alisi,&nbsp;Clodomiro Cafolla,&nbsp;Alessandra Gentili,&nbsp;Sara Tartaglione,&nbsp;Roberta Curini,&nbsp;Arturo Cafolla","doi":"10.1155/2020/9695324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9695324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Recent studies have suggested that vitamin K may exert significant effects on the central nervous system. The present study investigates the relationship between vitamin K plasmatic levels and cognitive functions in elderly patients on oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>At the Thrombosis Centre of Haematology, \"Sapienza\" University of Rome, 85 patients on OAT, aged between 75 and 92, were randomly enrolled in the study. Patients were on OAT with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Vitamin K1 concentrations were determined using standardized High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Cognitive functions were assessed using the Milan Overall Dementia Assessment (MODA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MODA scores are positively correlated to vitamin K1 concentration. Patients with vitamin K1 below 0.100 <i>μ</i>g/L and between 0.100 and 0.400 <i>μ</i>g/L and between 0.100 and 0.400 <i>μ</i>g/L and between 0.100 and 0.400 <i>p</i> < 0.001). Even long-term OAT (>10 years) does not affect MODA scores. Education seems to exert a greater role on the cognitive status in comparison with aging.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study shows a positive association between vitamin K1 concentration and cognitive status in elderly patients (≥75 years) on OAT. The relationship between vitamin K1 concentration and MODA scores is described by a linear model. Cognitive status is not influenced by the duration of OAT but by the years of education.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"9695324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/9695324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37717471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Dynapenia, Sarcopenia, and Frailty: The Role of Physical Exercise.","authors":"Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho Sampaio, Priscila Yukari Sewo Sampaio, Marco Carlos Uchida, Hidenori Arai","doi":"10.1155/2020/8186769","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/8186769","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8186769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7013314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37670575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}