Journal of Aging Research最新文献

{"title":"Young and Older Adults Differ in Integration of Sensory Cues for Vertical Perception.","authors":"Rima Abdul Razzak,&nbsp;Jeff Bagust,&nbsp;Sharon Docherty","doi":"10.1155/2020/8284504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8284504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The subjective visual vertical (SVV) measures the perception of a person's spatial orientation relative to gravity. Weighted central integration of vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive inputs is essential for SVV perception. Without any visual references and minimal proprioceptive contribution, the static SVV reflects balance of the otolith organs. Normal aging is associated with bilateral and progressive decline in otolith organ function, but age-dependent effects on SVV are inconclusive. Studies on sensory reweighting for visual vertical and multisensory integration strategies reveal age-dependent differences, but most studies have included elderly participants in comparison to younger adults. The aim of this study was to compare young adults with older adults, an age group younger than the elderly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three young and 28 older adults (50-65 years old) adjusted a tilted line accurately to their perceived vertical. The rod's final position from true vertical was recorded as tilt error in degrees. For otolithic balance, visual vertical was recorded in the dark without any visual references. The rod and frame task (RFT) with tilted disorienting visual frames was used for creating visuovestibular conflict. We adopted Nyborg's analysis method to derive the rod and frame effect (RFE) and trial-to-trial variability measures. Rod alignment times were also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no age difference in signed tilts of SVV without visual reference. There was an age effect on RFE and on overall trial-to-trial variability of rod tilt, with older adults displaying larger frame effects and greater variability in rod tilts. Alignment times were longer in the tilted-frame conditions for both groups and in the older adults compared to their younger counterparts. The association between tilt accuracy and tilt precision was significant for older adults only during visuovestibular conflict, revealing an increase in RFE with an increase in tilt variability. Correlation of <i>σ</i> _SVV, which represents vestibular input precision, with RFE yielded exactly the same contribution of <i>σ</i> _SVV to the variance in RFE for both age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older adults have balanced otolithic input in an upright position. Increased reliance on visual cues may begin at ages younger than what is considered elderly. Increased alignment times for older adults may create a broader time window for integration of relevant and irrelevant sensory information, thus enhancing their multisensory integration. In parallel with the elderly, older adults may differ from young adults in their integration of sensory cues for visual vertical perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8284504"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8284504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38269455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Burden among Older Family Caregivers is Associated with High Prevalence of Symptoms: Data from the Swedish Study \"Good Aging in Skåne (GÅS)\".","authors":"Henrik Ekström,&nbsp;Nathalie Lundholm Auoja,&nbsp;Sölve Elmståhl,&nbsp;Lena Sandin Wranker","doi":"10.1155/2020/5272130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5272130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Certain groups of informal caregivers have been shown to have worse health compared to noncaregivers. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the health and gender aspects of caregiving in an older Swedish population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study included 5457 participants from the longitudinal, general population study \"Good Aging in Skåne.\" A total of 33 self-reported symptoms were obtained from questionnaires and were then divided into seven domains: depressive, musculoskeletal, gastrourinary, symptoms related to head, cardiopulmonary, symptoms related to tension, and metabolic symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk of developing symptoms in each of the seven domains, regarding caregiving burden and caregiving in relation to gender.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that caregivers, compared to noncaregivers, had a higher prevalence for depressive and tension-related symptoms. High-burden caregivers exhibited significantly more individual symptoms and a higher prevalence of symptoms in the depressive, tension, and gastrourinary domains of symptoms compared to both low-burden caregivers and noncaregivers. More than 79% of high-burden caregivers reported general fatigue, and over half of the high-burden caregivers experience depressive mood. Female caregivers showed a significantly higher risk of reporting depressive symptoms (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.19-1.98) and tension-related symptoms compared to male caregivers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depressive and tension-related symptoms were more common in caregivers, especially in high-burden caregivers. High-burden caregivers might be at a risk of adverse mental health, and this highlights the need to offer proper support to these groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"5272130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/5272130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38247840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty and Nutritional Status among Urban Older Adults in South India.","authors":"T Shalini,&nbsp;P Swathi Chitra,&nbsp;B Naveen Kumar,&nbsp;G Madhavi,&nbsp;G Bhanuprakash Reddy","doi":"10.1155/2020/8763413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8763413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of frailty and nutritional status among older adults. This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 163 subjects aged 60-88 years, from Hyderabad City, South India. Data were obtained on sociodemographic details and anthropometry and biochemical parameters. Dietary intake was assessed by a three-day 24 h dietary recall, and the probability of adequacy (PA) was calculated using the estimated average requirements. Frailty indicators were as follows: handgrip strength was measured by using a Jamar dynamometer, gait speed was measured by a ten-meter length walk test, and low physical activity level, weight loss, and exhaustion were assessed using a questionnaire. Among the study population, 20% of the participants were frail and 80% were nonfrail. The prevalence of frailty is higher in older (30.1%) than the younger (12.2%) age groups, and it is more so in women (32.4%) than in men (10.1%). The lower educational status and income were associated with frailty. The PA of most of the nutrients was low in the frail group. Noticeably, the mean PA (MPA) across the fourteen micronutrients was significantly higher in nonfrail (38%) compared to the frail group (25%). The prevalence of frailty was higher in the lowest tertile of most of the food groups and nutrient intake compared to the highest tertile. The study revealed a 20% prevalence of frailty among urban older adults and provided evidence that inadequate intake of nutrients is independently associated with frailty.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8763413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8763413","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38178372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Frailty and Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Jiraporn Chittrakul,&nbsp;Penprapa Siviroj,&nbsp;Somporn Sungkarat,&nbsp;Ratana Sapbamrer","doi":"10.1155/2020/3964973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3964973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Frailty is a condition in older adults with decreased physical and cognitive performance that can affect health outcomes associated with fracture, disability, and falls. The aim of this study was to compare fall risk with different physical frailty statuses and investigate factors associated with fall risk in community-dwelling older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The population studied included 367 older adults (mean age = 73.2 years ± 7.0; 237 females (64.6%) and 130 males (35.4%)) who live in Chiang Mai, Thailand. This study was of cross-sectional design. Fried's phenotype was used to screen the physical frailty status. The physiological profile assessment (PPA) was used to screen for fall risk. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to compare the fall risk between the different levels of frailty status. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between frailty status and fall risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of the frailty group was 8.7% and that of the prefrailty group was 76.8%. The three statuses of frailty identified were found to have different levels of risk of falling. The frailty group had a higher fall risk than the nonfrailty group and the prefrailty group. In addition, the nonfrailty group had a lower fall risk than the prefrailty group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The frailty group had the highest fall risk in this cohort of older adults living in a community-dwelling facility. Therefore, it is important to assess the frailty status among older adults as it can be a predictor for fall risk. This assessment will therefore lead to a reduction in the rate of disability and death in the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"3964973"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/3964973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38194157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty and the Risk of Polypharmacy in the Older Person: Enabling and Preventative Approaches.","authors":"Martin C Nwadiugwu","doi":"10.1155/2020/6759521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6759521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frail older people have an inherent risk of polypharmacy due to the need to treat multiple comorbidities, thus leading to various negative effects on their health due to the adverse actions from the drugs. This issue was discussed from a person-centered perspective, highlighting the category of frail older adults who are at a higher risk. Appropriate medication reconciliation in this population with useful prescribing tools (Beers and START/STOPP criteria) to minimize polypharmacy and to provide alternative prescriptive intervention could go alongside primary care to reduce the extent of frailty and polypharmacy. Reducing delayed referrals and extended hospitalization with electronic health record systems and using the signs of frailty from the Electronic Frailty Index (EFI) to predict polypharmacy for frail older persons are preventative approaches that proactively respond to frailty associated with the risk of polypharmacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"6759521"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/6759521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38161949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Conditions of Hospitalized Older Adult Patients and Their Outcomes in a Regional Referral Hospital in Southwestern Uganda.","authors":"Patrick Orikiriza,&nbsp;Godfrey Z Rukundo,&nbsp;Adrian Kayanja,&nbsp;Joel Bazira","doi":"10.1155/2020/6830495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6830495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent advances in medicine have caused positive impact on the life expectancy of most countries, resulting in increased older adult population. Aging comes with a number of health challenges. This study investigated health conditions of older adults at admission and clinical outcomes in a regional referral hospital in southwestern Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study reviewed clinical data of older adult patients admitted between January 2016 and December 2017. Demographic data, cause of admission, length, and outcomes of hospitalization are described.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Up to 813 patient files were reviewed. The patients had been hospitalized to emergency, 371 (45.6%); medical, 355 (43.7%); surgical, 84 (10.3%); psychiatry, 2 (0.3%); and obstetrics and gynecology, 1 (0.1%) wards. The majority, 427 (52.5%), of the patients were females. Cancer was the most common reason for hospitalization, 130/889 (14.6%), followed by stroke, 94/889 (10.6%); heart failure, 76/889 (8.6%); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 56/889 (6.3%); pneumonia, 47/889 (5.3%); and head injury, 45/889 (5.1%), whilst 560 (68.9%) of the hospitalized patients were discharged, 197 (24.2%) died, 18 (2.2%) were referred for advanced care, and 38 (4.7%) escaped from the facility. The emergency ward had the highest deaths, 101 (51.3%), then medical, 56 (28.4%), and surgical, 39 (19.8%), wards. Mortality of those who died was admitted with stroke, 30 (15.2%), cancer, 21 (10.7%), head injury, 16 (8.1%), heart failure, 14 (7.1%), sepsis, 14 (7.1%), and renal disease, 12 (6.1%). On average, patients were admitted for 5 days (IQR: 3-8).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high proportion of mortality in this group is worrying and requires further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"6830495"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/6830495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38161950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Qualitative Study of Nursing Students' Experiences in Fall Prevention for Older Home Care Clients.","authors":"Riitta Turjamaa,&nbsp;Marja Äijö,&nbsp;Tarja Tervo-Heikkinen,&nbsp;Marja Silén-Lipponen","doi":"10.1155/2020/7652623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7652623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of nursing students in fall prevention during clinical practice in the context of older home care clients. This was a qualitative focus group study of nursing students (<i>n</i> = 9) who had completed clinical practice in older clients' home care. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis. The nursing students described their experiences regarding falls and fall prevention in older clients' home care from two perspectives: evaluation of falls at older people's homes and fall prevention during home visits. Systematic evaluation of falls was based on physical examination and is the basis of fall prevention. However, evaluation of nutrition and adverse drug effects seemed to be ignored. In addition, fall prevention during home visits included concrete fall prevention in authentic client situations, confidential relationships with older clients, and evidence-based knowledge. From the perspective of fall prevention, there was a lack of comprehensive evaluation and understanding of the meaning of psychological factors, such as fear of falling. In order to be able to prevent falls in the older client population, students need more guidance regarding a comprehensive approach based on evaluation of falls. In addition, there is a need for continuous collaboration between education and home care services to develop educational approaches that interlink knowledge and skills in fall prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"7652623"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/7652623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38161951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Health Deterioration and the Dynamic Relationship between Physical Ability and Cognition among a Cohort of Danish Nonagenarians.","authors":"Cosmo Strozza,&nbsp;Virginia Zarulli,&nbsp;Viviana Egidi","doi":"10.1155/2020/4704305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4704305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to determine how demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, and lifestyle affect physical and cognitive health transitions among nonagenarians, whether these transitions follow the same patterns, and how each dimension affects the transitions of the other. We applied a multistate model for panel data to 2262 individuals over a 2-year follow-up period from the 1905 Danish Cohort survey. Within two years from baseline, the transition probability from good to bad physical health-ability to stand up from a chair-was higher than dying directly (29% vs. 25%), while this was not observed for cognition (24% vs. 27%) evaluated with Mini-Mental State Examination-a score lower than 24 indicates poor cognitive health. Probability of dying either from bad physical or cognitive health condition was 50%. Health transitions were associated with sex, education, living alone, body mass index, and physical activity. Physical and cognitive indicators were associated with deterioration of cognitive and physical status, respectively, and with survivorship from a bad health condition. We conclude that physical and cognitive health deteriorated differently among nonagenarians, even if they were related to similar sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics and resulted dynamically related with each other.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"4704305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/4704305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38144993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Examination of Patterns of Sedentary Behavior and Cardiometabolic Risk in Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 55 Years and Older.","authors":"Kelsey L McAlister,&nbsp;Daniela A Rubin,&nbsp;Koren L Fisher","doi":"10.1155/2020/3859472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3859472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sedentary behavior (SB) is highly prevalent among older adults, with more than 25% engaging in 6 hours or more of SB daily. SB has been associated with several cardiometabolic biomarkers in younger adults; however, there is a paucity of research in older populations. This study examined associations between patterns of SB and cardiometabolic biomarkers in community-dwelling adults aged 55 years and older.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from a convenience sample of 54 community-dwelling individuals (12 males, 42 females; mean age = 72.6 ± 6.8 years, range = 56-89 years). Cardiometabolic biomarkers assessed included systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose and cholesterol parameters. SB was assessed via accelerometry over a 7-day period, and measures included daily time in SB, number and length of sedentary bouts, the number and length of breaks between sedentary bouts, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and light physical activity (LPA). Associations between the SB measures and each cardiometabolic risk factor were examined using separate stepwise multiple regression models, controlling for sex, MVPA, and accelerometer wear time. Isotemporal substitution models were used to examine the change in cardiometabolic outcomes when SB is replaced by an equal duration of either LPA or MVPA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adjusted regression analyses showed that daily sedentary time was positively associated with DBP (<i>β</i> = 0.052, <i>∆R</i> ² = 0.112, <i>p</i> = 0.022) and inversely associated with HDL cholesterol (<i>β</i> = -0.111, <i>∆R</i> ² = 0.121, <i>p</i> = 0.039). Sedentary bout length was also associated with DBP and HDL cholesterol (<i>β</i> = 0.575, <i>∆R</i> ² = 0.152, <i>p</i> = 0.007; <i>β</i> = -1.529, <i>∆R</i> ² = 0.196, <i>p</i> = 0.007, respectively). Replacement of 10 minutes of SB a day with LPA was associated with improved DBP and HDL cholesterol (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). No other significant associations (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sitting for prolonged periods of time without interruption is unfavorably associated with DBP and HDL cholesterol. Prospective studies should identify causal relationships and observe specific changes in cardiometabolic profiles in older populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"3859472"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/3859472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38070343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: A Narrative Review of the Evidence, Possible Biological Mechanisms, and Recommendations for Exercise Prescription.","authors":"Adria Quigley,&nbsp;Marilyn MacKay-Lyons,&nbsp;Gail Eskes","doi":"10.1155/2020/1407896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1407896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical activity and exercise have emerged as potential methods to improve brain health among older adults. However, there are currently no physical activity guidelines aimed at improving cognitive function, and the mechanisms underlying these cognitive benefits are poorly understood. The purpose of this narrative review is to present the current evidence regarding the effects of physical activity and exercise on cognition in older adults without cognitive impairment, identify potential mechanisms underlying these effects, and make recommendations for exercise prescription to enhance cognitive performance. The review begins with a summary of evidence of the effect of chronic physical activity and exercise on cognition. Attention then turns to four main biological mechanisms that appear to underlie exercise-induced cognitive improvement, including the upregulation of growth factors and neuroplasticity, inhibition of inflammatory biomarker production, improved vascular function, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation. The last section provides an overview of exercise parameters known to optimize cognition in older adults, such as exercise type, frequency, intensity, session duration, and exercise program duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"1407896"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/1407896","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38019528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}