Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Gut microbiota intervention attenuates thermogenesis in broilers exposed to high temperature through modulation of the hypothalamic 5-HT pathway","authors":"Sheng Li, Xiaoqing Li, Kai Wang, Yansen Li, Kentaro Nagaoka, Chunmei Li","doi":"10.1186/s40104-023-00950-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-023-00950-0","url":null,"abstract":"Broilers have a robust metabolism and high body temperature, which make them less tolerant to high-temperature (HT) environments and more susceptible to challenges from elevated temperatures. Gut microbes, functioning as symbionts within the host, possess the capacity to significantly regulate the physiological functions and environmental adaptability of the host. This study aims to investigate the effects of gut microbial intervention on the body temperature and thermogenesis of broilers at different ambient temperatures, as well as the underlying mechanism involving the \"gut-brain\" axis. Broilers were subjected to gut microbiota interference with or without antibiotics (control or ABX) starting at 1 day of age. At 21 day of age, they were divided into 4 groups and exposed to different environments for 7 d: The control and ABX groups at room temperature (RT, 24 ± 1 °C, 60% relative humidity (RH), 24 h/d) and the control-HT and ABX-HT groups at high temperature (HT, 32 ± 1 °C, 60% RH, 24 h/d). The results demonstrated that the antibiotic-induced gut microbiota intervention increased body weight and improved feed conversion in broiler chickens (P < 0.05). Under HT conditions, the microbiota intervention reduced the rectal temperature of broiler chickens (P < 0.05), inhibited the expression of avUCP and thermogenesis-related genes in breast muscle and liver (P < 0.05), and thus decreased thermogenesis capacity. Furthermore, the gut microbiota intervention blunted the hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal axis and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activation induced by HT conditions. By analyzing the cecal microbiota composition of control and ABX chickens maintained under HT conditions, we found that Alistipes was enriched in control chickens. In contrast, antibiotic-induced gut microbiota intervention resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of Alistipes (P < 0.05). Moreover, this difference was accompanied by increased hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content and TPH2 expression (P < 0.05). These findings underscore the critical role of the gut microbiota in regulating broiler thermogenesis via the gut-brain axis and suggest that the hypothalamic 5-HT pathway may be a potential mechanism by which the gut microbiota affects thermoregulation in broilers. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138823052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enterogenic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia migrates to the mammary gland to induce mastitis by activating the calcium-ROS-AMPK-mTOR-autophagy pathway","authors":"Zhaoqi He, Caijun Zhao, Yuhong He, Zhuoyu Liu, Guyue Fan, Kun Zhu, Yiqi Wang, Naisheng Zhang, Yunhe Fu, Xiaoyu Hu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-023-00952-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-023-00952-y","url":null,"abstract":"Mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland that has serious economic impacts on the dairy industry and endangers food safety. Our previous study found that the body has a gut/rumen-mammary gland axis and that disturbance of the gut/rumen microbiota could result in ‘gastroenterogenic mastitis’. However, the mechanism has not been fully clarified. Recently, we found that long-term feeding of a high-concentrate diet induced mastitis in dairy cows, and the abundance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) was significantly increased in both the rumen and milk microbiota. Accordingly, we hypothesized that ‘gastroenterogenic mastitis’ can be induced by the migration of endogenous gut bacteria to the mammary gland. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanism by which enterogenic S. maltophilia induces mastitis. First, S. maltophilia was labelled with superfolder GFP and administered to mice via gavage. The results showed that treatment with S. maltophilia promoted the occurrence of mastitis and increased the permeability of the blood-milk barrier, leading to intestinal inflammation and intestinal leakage. Furthermore, tracking of ingested S. maltophilia revealed that S. maltophilia could migrate from the gut to the mammary gland and induce mastitis. Subsequently, mammary gland transcriptome analysis showed that the calcium and AMPK signalling pathways were significantly upregulated in mice treated with S. maltophilia. Then, using mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMECs), we verified that S. maltophilia induces mastitis through activation of the calcium-ROS-AMPK-mTOR-autophagy pathway. In conclusion, the results showed that enterogenic S. maltophilia could migrate from the gut to the mammary gland via the gut-mammary axis and activate the calcium-ROS-AMPK-mTOR-autophagy pathway to induce mastitis. Targeting the gut-mammary gland axis may also be an effective method to treat mastitis.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138770639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota affects the estrus return of sows by regulating the metabolism of sex steroid hormones","authors":"Min Liu, Jia Zhang, Yunyan Zhou, Shuqi Xiong, Mengqing Zhou, Lin Wu, Qin Liu, Zhe Chen, Hui Jiang, Jiawen Yang, Yuxin Liu, Yaxiang Wang, Congying Chen, Lusheng Huang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-023-00959-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-023-00959-5","url":null,"abstract":"Sex hormones play important roles in the estrus return of post-weaning sows. Previous studies have demonstrated a complex and bi-directional regulation between sex hormones and gut microbiota. However, the extent to which the gut microbiota affects estrus return of post-weaning sows is largely unknown. In this study, we first screened 207 fecal samples from well-phenotyped sows by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and identified significant associations between microbes and estrus return of post-weaning sows. Using metagenomic sequencing data from 85 fecal samples, we identified 37 bacterial species that were significantly associated with estrus return. Normally returning sows were characterized by increased abundances of L. reuteri and P. copri and decreased abundances of B. fragilis, S. suis, and B. pseudolongum. The changes in gut microbial composition significantly altered the functional capacity of steroid hormone biosynthesis in the gut microbiome. The results were confirmed in a validation cohort. Significant changes in sex steroid hormones and related compounds were found between normal and non-return sows via metabolome analysis. An integrated analysis of differential bacterial species, metagenome, and fecal metabolome provided evidence that normal return-associated bacterial species L. reuteri and Prevotella spp. participated in the degradation of pregnenolone, progesterone, and testosterone, thereby promoting estrogen biosynthesis. Furthermore, the microbial metabolites related to sow energy and nutrient supply or metabolic disorders also showed relationships with sow estrus return. An integrated analysis of differentially abundant bacterial species, metagenome, and fecal metabolome revealed the involvement of L. reuteri and Prevotella spp. in sow estrus return. These findings provide deep insight into the role of gut microbiota in the estrus return of post-weaning sows and the complex cross-talk between gut microbiota and sex hormones, suggesting that the manipulation of the gut microbiota could be an effective strategy to improve sow estrus return after weaning.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138770491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acid and mineral digestibility, bone ash, and plasma inositol is increased by including microbial phytase in diets for growing pigs","authors":"Liz Vanessa Lagos, Mike Richard Bedford, Hans Henrik Stein","doi":"10.1186/s40104-023-00953-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-023-00953-x","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs, which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the diet. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses that increasing dietary phytase after an 18-day adaptation period: 1) increases nutrient and energy digestibility; 2) increases plasma P, plasma inositol, and bone ash of young pigs; and 3) demonstrates that maximum phytate degradation requires more phytase than maximum P digestibility. Data indicated that increasing inclusion of phytase [0, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg feed] in corn-soybean meal-based diets increased apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Trp (quadratic; P < 0.05), and of Lys and Thr (linear; P < 0.05), and tended to increase AID of Met (linear; P < 0.10). Increasing dietary phytase also increased AID and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca and P (quadratic; P < 0.05) and increased ATTD of K and Na (linear; P < 0.05), but phytase did not influence the ATTD of Mg or gross energy. Concentrations of plasma P and bone ash increased (quadratic; P < 0.05), and plasma inositol also increased (linear; P < 0.05) with increasing inclusion of phytase. Reduced concentrations of inositol phosphate (IP)6 and IP5 (quadratic; P < 0.05), reduced IP4 and IP3 (linear; P < 0.05), but increased inositol concentrations (linear; P < 0.05) were observed in ileal digesta as dietary phytase increased. The ATTD of P was maximized if at least 1,200 FTU/kg were used, whereas more than 4,000 FTU/kg were needed to maximize inositol release. Increasing dietary levels of phytase after an 18-day adaptation period increased phytate and IP ester degradation and inositol release in the small intestine. Consequently, increasing dietary phytase resulted in improved digestibility of Ca, P, K, Na, and the first 4 limiting amino acids, and in increased concentrations of bone ash and plasma P and inositol. In a corn-soybean meal diet, maximum inositol release requires approximately 3,200 FTU/kg more phytase than that required for maximum P digestibility.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138559275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miR-423 sponged by lncRNA NORHA inhibits granulosa cell apoptosis","authors":"Yuqi Li, Zhuofan Zhang, Siqi Wang, Xing Du, Qifa Li","doi":"10.1186/s40104-023-00960-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-023-00960-y","url":null,"abstract":"Atresia and degeneration, a follicular developmental fate that reduces female fertility and is triggered by granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis, have been induced by dozens of miRNAs. Here, we report a miRNA, miR-423, that inhibits the initiation of follicular atresia (FA), and early apoptosis of GCs. We showed that miR-423 was down-regulated during sow FA, and its levels in follicles were negatively correlated with the GC density and the P4/E2 ratio in the follicular fluid in vivo. The in vitro gain-of-function experiments revealed that miR-423 suppresses cell apoptosis, especially early apoptosis in GCs. Mechanically speaking, the miR-423 targets and interacts with the 3'-UTR of the porcine SMAD7 gene, which encodes an apoptosis-inducing factor in GCs, and represses its expression and pro-apoptotic function. Interestingly, FA and the GC apoptosis-related lncRNA NORHA was demonstrated as a ceRNA of miR-423. Additionally, we showed that a single base deletion/insertion in the miR-423 promoter is significantly associated with the number of stillbirths (NSB) trait of sows. These results demonstrate that miR-423 is a small molecule for inhibiting FA initiation and GC early apoptosis, suggesting that treating with miR-423 may be a novel approach for inhibiting FA initiation and improving female fertility.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":" 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138485342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the nutritional values of yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae as an animal feed ingredient: a review","authors":"Linggawastu Syahrulawal, Magnhild Oust Torske, Rumakanta Sapkota, Geir Næss, Prabhat Khanal","doi":"10.1186/s40104-023-00945-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-023-00945-x","url":null,"abstract":"Yellow mealworm larvae (YML; Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":" 993","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138475673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into genetic diversity and phenotypic variations in domestic geese through comprehensive population and pan-genome analysis","authors":"Guangliang Gao, Hongmei Zhang, Jiangping Ni, Xianzhi Zhao, Keshan Zhang, Jian Wang, Xiangdong Kong, Qigui Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-023-00944-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-023-00944-y","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic goose breeds are descended from either the Swan goose (Anser cygnoides) or the Greylag goose (Anser anser), exhibiting variations in body size, reproductive performance, egg production, feather color, and other phenotypic traits. Constructing a pan-genome facilitates a thorough identification of genetic variations, thereby deepening our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic diversity and phenotypic variability. To comprehensively facilitate population genomic and pan-genomic analyses in geese, we embarked on the task of 659 geese whole genome resequencing data and compiling a database of 155 RNA-seq samples. By constructing the pan-genome for geese, we generated non-reference contigs totaling 612 Mb, unveiling a collection of 2,813 novel genes and pinpointing 15,567 core genes, 1,324 softcore genes, 2,734 shell genes, and 878 cloud genes in goose genomes. Furthermore, we detected an 81.97 Mb genomic region showing signs of genome selection, encompassing the TGFBR2 gene correlated with variations in body weight among geese. Genome-wide association studies utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and presence-absence variation revealed significant genomic associations with various goose meat quality, reproductive, and body composition traits. For instance, a gene encoding the SVEP1 protein was linked to carcass oblique length, and a distinct gene-CDS haplotype of the SVEP1 gene exhibited an association with carcass oblique length. Notably, the pan-genome analysis revealed enrichment of variable genes in the “hair follicle maturation” Gene Ontology term, potentially linked to the selection of feather-related traits in geese. A gene presence-absence variation analysis suggested a reduced frequency of genes associated with “regulation of heart contraction” in domesticated geese compared to their wild counterparts. Our study provided novel insights into gene expression features and functions by integrating gene expression patterns across multiple organs and tissues in geese and analyzing population variation. This accomplishment originates from the discernment of a multitude of selection signals and candidate genes associated with a wide array of traits, thereby markedly enhancing our understanding of the processes underlying domestication and breeding in geese. Moreover, assembling the pan-genome for geese has yielded a comprehensive apprehension of the goose genome, establishing it as an indispensable asset poised to offer innovative viewpoints and make substantial contributions to future geese breeding initiatives.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138432838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Maternal supply of cysteamine alleviates oxidative stress and enhances angiogenesis in porcine placenta","authors":"Shuangbo Huang, Zifang Wu, Zihao Huang, Xiangyu Hao, Longmiao Zhang, Chengjun Hu, Jianfu Wei, Jinping Deng, Chengquan Tan","doi":"10.1186/s40104-023-00955-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-023-00955-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000<b>Correction: J Anim Sci Biotechnol 12, 91 (2021)</b>\u0000</p><p>\u0000<b>https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-021-00609-8</b>\u0000</p><p>Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported the images for the 2 mmol/L CS group of the trans-well assay panel in Fig. 8C was incorrectly presented. This error does not affect the conclusion of the study. The correct Fig. 8 should read:</p><figure><figcaption><b data-test=\"figure-caption-text\">Fig. 8</b></figcaption><picture><source srcset=\"//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40104-023-00955-9/MediaObjects/40104_2023_955_Fig1_HTML.png?as=webp\" type=\"image/webp\"/><img alt=\"figure 1\" aria-describedby=\"Fig1\" height=\"715\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40104-023-00955-9/MediaObjects/40104_2023_955_Fig1_HTML.png\" width=\"685\"/></picture><p>Cysteamine (CS) pretreatment attenuates the effects of H₂O₂ on angiogenesis. <b>A</b>, <b>E</b> The levels of ROS. PVECs were pretreated with various concentrations of CS (0.5, 1 or 2 mmol/L) for 2 h and then treated with 200 μmol/L H₂O₂ for 24 h (<i>n</i> = 6; bar = 100 μm). <b>B</b>, <b>F</b> Scratch healing assay of migratory distance. PVECs were pretreated with various concentrations of CS (0.5, 1 or 2 mmol/L) for 2 h and then treated with 200 μmol/L H₂O₂ for 24 h (<i>n</i> = 3; bar = 500 μm). <b>C</b>, <b>G</b> Trans-well migration assay of the migratory number of PVECs. After different treatments as described above, PVECs were added to the upper chamber of a trans-well and incubated for 48 h, followed by quantifying PVECs that invaded through the chamber (<i>n</i> = 3; bar = 500 μm). <b>D</b>, <b>H</b> Representative images of tube formation of PVECs after different treatments as described above (<i>n</i> = 5; bar = 100 μm). I CCK8 assay was used to measure cell viability after different treatments as described above (<i>n</i> = 6). Data are presented as mean ± SEM (<i>n</i> = 3). Different letters indicate significant differences at <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05</p><span>Full size image</span><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"><use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"></use></svg></figure><p>The original article [1] has been updated.</p><ol data-track-component=\"outbound reference\"><li data-counter=\"1.\"><p>Huang S, Wu Z, Huang Z, et al. Maternal supply of cysteamine alleviates oxidative stress and enhances angiogenesis in porcine placenta. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2021;12:91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-021-00609-8.</p><p>Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar </p></li></ol><p>Download references<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"><use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"></use></svg></p><h3>Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol><","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138432837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell sequencing reveals the reproductive variations between primiparous and multiparous Hu ewes","authors":"Ting Ge, Yifan Wen, Bo Li, Xiaoyu Huang, Shaohua Jiang, Enping Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-023-00941-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-023-00941-1","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern sheep production systems, the reproductive performance of ewes determines the economic profitability of farming. Revealing the genetic mechanisms underlying differences in the litter size is important for the selection and breeding of highly prolific ewes. Hu sheep, a high-quality Chinese sheep breed, is known for its high fecundity and is often used as a model to study prolificacy traits. In the current study, animals were divided into two groups according to their delivery rates in three consecutive lambing seasons (namely, the high and low reproductive groups with ≥ 3 lambs and one lamb per season, n = 3, respectively). The ewes were slaughtered within 12 h of estrus, and unilateral ovarian tissues were collected and analyzed by 10× Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing. A total of 5 types of somatic cells were identified and corresponding expression profiles were mapped in the ovaries of each group. Noticeably, the differences in the ovary somatic cell expression profiles between the high and low reproductive groups were mainly clustered in the granulosa cells. Furthermore, four granulosa cell subtypes were identified. GeneSwitches analysis revealed that the abundance of JPH1 expression and the reduction of LOC101112291 expression could lead to different evolutionary directions of the granulosa cells. Additionally, the expression levels of FTH1 and FTL in mural granulosa cells of the highly reproductive group were significantly higher. These genes inhibit necroptosis and ferroptosis of mural granulosa cells, which helps prevent follicular atresia. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the high fecundity of Hu sheep. The differences in gene expression profiles, particularly in the granulosa cells, suggest that these cells play a critical role in female prolificacy. The findings also highlight the importance of genes such as JPH1, LOC101112291, FTH1, and FTL in regulating granulosa cell function and follicular development.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"58 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92158480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition, function, and timing: exploring the early-life gut microbiota in piglets for probiotic interventions","authors":"Jianping Quan, Cineng Xu, Donglin Ruan, Yong Ye, Yibin Qiu, Jie Wu, Shenping Zhou, Menghao Luan, Xiang Zhao, Yue Chen, Danyang Lin, Ying Sun, Jifei Yang, Enqin Zheng, Gengyuan Cai, Zhenfang Wu, Jie Yang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-023-00943-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-023-00943-z","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of a robust gut microbiota in piglets during their early developmental stage holds the potential for long-term advantageous effects. However, the optimal timeframe for introducing probiotics to achieve this outcome remains uncertain. In the context of this investigation, we conducted a longitudinal assessment of the fecal microbiota of 63 piglets at three distinct pre-weaning time points. Simultaneously, we gathered vaginal and fecal samples from 23 sows. Employing 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing methodologies, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the fluctuation patterns in microbial composition, functional capacity, interaction networks, and colonization resistance within the gut microbiota of piglets. As the piglets progressed in age, discernible modifications in intestinal microbial diversity, composition, and function were observed. A source-tracking analysis unveiled the pivotal role of fecal and vaginal microbiota derived from sows in populating the gut microbiota of neonatal piglets. By D21, the microbial interaction network displayed a more concise and efficient configuration, accompanied by enhanced colonization resistance relative to the other two time points. Moreover, we identified three strains of Ruminococcus sp. at D10 as potential candidates for improving piglets' weight gain during the weaning phase. The findings of this study propose that D10 represents the most opportune juncture for the introduction of external probiotic interventions during the early stages of piglet development. This investigation augments our comprehension of the microbiota dynamics in early-life of piglets and offers valuable insights for guiding forthcoming probiotic interventions.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91398624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}