Journal of Advances in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Quality of Drinking Water Points in Ntui (Centre Region, Cameroon) Based on the Abundance Dynamics of Bacteria of the Genus Aeromonas","authors":"O. N. Ewoti, B. P. T. Kweyang, Rodrigue Mboene Mboene, L. L. Banock, M. Nola","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i11770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i11770","url":null,"abstract":"A study to assess the microbiological quality of drinking water in the town of Ntui was carried out from February to July 2022. The microbiological quality was assessed by monitoring the abundance dynamics of bacteria of the genus Aeromonas isolated from surface and ground water. Samples were taken from ten water points. The parameters considered were physicochemical and bacteriological. The samples were taken and analysed using standard methods. These include temperature and pH. Bacteriologically, Heterotrophic Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria (HAMB) and bacteria of the genus Aeromonas were isolated on Plate Count Agar and Ampicillin Dextrin Agar culture media using surface spreading techniques respectively.  The data obtained was analysed using appropriate software. The results show that certain physico-chemical parameters such as temperature vary relatively little from one sampling point to another, remaining at around 23.14±2.69°C. There was also a slightly acidic average pH of 6.87 U.C. This acidity is a consequence of the nature of the soils leached by the water. Microbiologically, an average density of 215 CFU/100 ml was recorded for the HAMB. A total of 06 species of opportunistic Aeromonas pathogenic to humans were isolated during the study. These were A. hydrophila, A. salmonicida, A. schubertii, A. jandaei, A. média and A. veronii biovar veronii, with variable mean densities of up to 22 CFU/100ml. The most abundant species was A. veronii biovar veronii (22 CFU/100ml). In short, the presence of these Aeromonas makes the water unfit for human consumption without prior treatment.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"134 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138621425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Susceptibility of Microorganisms Responsible for Asymptomatic Antenatal Bacteriuria","authors":"Kousar Parveen, Sikander Ali Sial, Sandhia Kumari, Arooj Ali, Irum Akound, Amir Ali Akhound","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i11769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i11769","url":null,"abstract":"Aim & Objective: Determination of prevalence, bacterial profile and antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms responsible for asymptomatic UTI during pregnancy.
 Methodology: The type of study is cross-sectional, Prospective type, was conducted at the PUMHS for Women Nawabshah (SBA) after approval from the Ethical Review Committee and the duration was 2 years from 1st Jan 2021-31st Dec 2022. Samples were collected by non-probability- convenient method from all pregnant women without any clinical complaints attending the Outpatient Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics PUMHS Hospital Nawabshah. The midstream urine collected by clean catch method in sterile containers was processed for DR of urine including physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. After the urine detailed report, the samples were sent for, culture by using the following media, blood, Macconkey’s, and CLED agar. Growth-positive samples were proceeding for gram staining, biochemical tests, and antibiotic sensitivity reports according to world standard methods for confirmation.
 Results: Out of 477 patients 96 (20%) were positive for ASB, with the mean age of the patient being 29.32±5.74 The most common microorganisms found in the study were E.coli 67 (69.7.%), followed by Klebisella in 4(4%), proteus 9(9%), pseudomonas 8(8.3%), staphylococcus aureus 2(2%), staphylococcus saprophyticus in 4(4%), streptococcus pyogen 2(2%).
 There was 100% sensitivity found for all isolated microorganisms following culture examination to following antibiotics: Ciprofloxacin, Cefuroxime, Imepenem, Ceftriaxone Amikacin, Meropenem, and Piperacillin-tazobactam; however, 52% and 45% sensitivity of E.coli and 100% sensitivity of streptococci were present for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ampicillin respectively.
 Conclusion: A rising number of silent antenatal bacteriuria was observed in younger age women with severe maternal and fetal complications in advanced stages of pregnancy and thereafter. It is therefore suggested to routinely perform urine cultures for every suspected pregnant lady during advanced antenatal visits to diagnose and properly treat the asymptomatic bacteriuria in terms of avoiding antibiotic resistance and materno-fetal complications in the near future.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"4 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135042046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Phytoremediation, Physicochemical and Heavy Metal Assessment of Crude Oil Polluted Soil Using Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Jaja, Soba Emmanuel","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i11768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i11768","url":null,"abstract":"Crude oil exploration has been beneficial to our economy but detrimental to our environment with the artisanal `refineries further compounding the challenge. This research was aimed at investigating the phytoremediation, physicochemical and heavy metal assessment of crude oil polluted soil using Peudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. as augmenting microorganism, in Rivers state, Nigeria. This study was carried out in in south-south Nigeria (B-dere in Gokana Local government of `Rivers State). Contaminated Soil were collected and subjected to standard microbiological methods. Contaminated Soil samples were collected from two different area of Rivers state with sterilized soil auger at two depths of 0-15cm and 15-30cm. The contaminated soil sampled were analyzed for heavy metal (Cadium Chromium, Lead and Zinc) using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometric method. Microbiological analysis was carried out on the soil samples. Ten (10) treatments consisiting of contaminated soil (CS), uncontaminated soil (US), uncontaminated soil(US), Panicum subalbidum and Schoenoplectus senegalensis were setup for a period of 28 days. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed for uncontaminated soil and contaminated soil. The physicochemical parameters analyzed were pH, Temperature, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Total Hydrocarbon Content. The physiochemical parameters of the uncontaminated soil were pH (5.43), temperature (27oC), Electrical conductivity (9uS/cm), Moisture content (7.80%), Total organic carbon (0.93%), Soil organic matter (1.60%), total Nitrogen (56.695mg/kg), available phosphorus (0.621mg/kg), potassium (7.125mg/kg) and total hydrocarbon content (700mg/kg). Results revealed that the amount of hydrocarbon remediated and percentage (%) bioremediation in the soil after 28 days of monitoring from the initial THC value of (4050 mg/kg), is higher in set up with CS+PSE+SCH (3454mg/kg; 85.28%) and lowest in set up with US+SCH (434mg/kg: 62%) and the amount uptake of phytoremediation in the root after 28 days of monitoring to be higher in set up with CS+BAC+SCH (632Mg/kg; 15.6%) and lowest in set up with US+SCH (12.2mg/kg; 1.74%). The heavy metals assessed were cadium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). This research revealed and recommend that Schoenoplectus senegalensis as a suitable plant species for phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil. Hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria identified in this study were; Pseudomonas and Bacilus spp.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"45 23","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research for the Presence of Pesticides in Fish from the Sassandra and Bandama Rivers in the Localities of Bouafle, Guessabo and Soubre, Ivory Coast","authors":"Foba Foba Stéphane Isaac, Coulibaly Ibourahema, Konan Kouakou Ahossi, Coulibaly Adja Massagna, Kouassi Kra Athanase","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i11767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i11767","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to investigate the presence of pesticides in fresh fish caught in the Sassandra and Bandama rivers of the Sassandra-Marahoué district.
 Study Design: Fish is an important source of protein, the quality of which depends on many actions carried out directly or indirectly by man during fishing, fish trading, preservation operations (smoking, drying, refrigeration, etc.) the use of pesticides on cultivable areas along the rivers.
 Place and Duration of Study: Sampling was carried out in three fishing areas of the Sassandra-Marahoué district and the chemical analyzes were carried out at the Agrovalorization Laboratory of the Jean Lorougnon Guédé University in Daloa and at the National Laboratory for Agricultural Development Support (Côte d'Ivoire).
 Methodology: : A total of 390 samples of fresh fish, including 130 of each of the Tilapia, Chrysichthys and Labéo species, were collected randomly under aseptic conditions directly from various fishermen from the Sassandra River in the towns of Soubré and Guessabo and from the Bandama River in the locality of Bouaflé.
 Results: Analysis of the fish samples revealed about fifteen active substances from pesticides. Crimidine and Desisopropylatratzine showed the highest levels in Bouaflé Tilapia with 29.55% and 22.73% respectively, Metobromuron, Simazine and Fénuron at 29.55% each in Chrysichthys and Labeo, each substance was found in a single sample with a rate of 2.27%. In the Guéssabo samples, Metoxuron and Monuron are the highest substances in fresh Tilapia with 18.60% each. Certain substances such as Crimidine, Aldicarb, Parathion-ethyl and Parathion-methyl were not found in the Chrysichthys samples as well as Isoproturon, Metobromuron, Metoxuron and Monuron in the Labeo. The highest substances in the Soubré samples are Metobromuron at 18.60% in Tilapia, Parathion-methyl and Terbutryn at 18.60% in Chrysichthys and Crimidine in Labéo at 9.30%.
 Conclusion: This study clearly shows the presence of pesticide residues in fresh fish caught in the Bandama and Sassandra rivers. Precautions should be taken to eliminate or at least reduce the impacts of these on the environment and especially on human health.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"218 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Profiling of Resistant Genes in Bacteria Isolated from Drinking Water Sources in Bonny Island, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Inyingierefagha Moses Wilcox, None Sokari, T. G., None Akani, N. P., None Amadi, L. O.","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i10766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i10766","url":null,"abstract":"The global health crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitates a profound understanding of its dynamics, particularly in environmental reservoirs such as drinking water sources. The aim of the study was to identify the presence and variety of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) within bacteria isolated from drinking water sources in Bonny Island, Rivers State, Nigeria – an area characterized by unique ecological and human-induced factors. Eighty water samples were collected from drinking water distribution systems within Bonny Island for a period of six month. Bacteria isolated from drinking water samples within Bonny Island underwent antimicrobial profiling, including susceptibility tests against a range of clinically relevant antibiotics. Molecular techniques were employed to identify the isolated bacteria and characterize specific ARGs, illuminating the genetic basis of resistance in the isolated bacteria. The bacterial isolates displayed varying resistance patterns, with the highest resistance observed against cefuroxime (59.6%), cefotaxime (48.9%), ceftazidime (44.7%), ceftriaxone (36.3%), chloramphenicol, and Augmentin (29.8%), while resistance to cotrimoxazole and gentamicin was lower (12.8%). Among the bacterial isolates, the tet gene, conferring resistance to tetracycline antibiotics, was present in 46.7% of cases, while 100% exhibited the oxa gene and 93.3% possessed the aac(6’)-ib gene. Preliminary findings revealed a diverse array of bacteria with varying resistance profiles, including both common and emerging pathogens. The identified ARGs covered genes providing resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. These results underscore the potential risks associated with the spread of ARGs in drinking water sources and their potential transfer to pathogenic bacteria.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"103 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophage against Drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Sajib Kumar Saha, Md. Ashiqur Rahman, Md. Sultan Mahmud, Md. Taijul Islam, Md. Nazmul Islam, Sadia Islam, Sadia Nabilah, Shohanur Rahaman, Anika Zafreen, Md. Raihanul Islam, Md. Sujon Ali","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i10763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i10763","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most successful pathogens due to its vast arsenal of virulence factors, including anchor proteins, secreted toxins and enzymes, polysaccharides, and immune system modulators. Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically target and infect bacterial cells. Bacteriophage is studied widely to improve the safety of foods and prevent food borne diseases of bacterial etiology, as well as to reduce the use of antibiotics in livestock. Besides, therapeutic applications of bacteriophage in human and the usage of phages in veterinary medicine and agriculture are also highly assessed. Hence, the present study aimed to isolate and to characterize Staphylococcus aureus specific bacteriophage. Bacteriophages were isolated from various environmental water samples. After incubation growth occurred in MSA and NA plate. On Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic discs showed some useful identifying zones. It was performed with the use of five antibiotics: Penicillin, Oxacillin, Tetracyclin, Gentamycin and Cefoxitin. Penicillin, Oxacillin are showing no zones, for that reason showed resistant pattern. Environmental phages were then selected based on the size and clarity of their plaques. Bacteriophage produce some clear zone against bacteria. The isolated bacteriophages were found to be able to lyse the Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus was isolated on nutrient agar media and mannitol salt agar media and confirmed by biochemical test like catalase test, coagulase test and oxidase test. Drug-resistant S. aureus also form some specific zones in the nutrient agar plates. Then allowed to compare this two specific zones stability.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136012821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particle-Picking in Cryo-Electron Microscopy Images with Online Resources","authors":"Maria da Conceição Proença","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i10765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i10765","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Use deep learning online resources to identify and pick single particle views in micrographs to enable high quality three-dimensional reconstruction for macromolecular structure determination. Study Design: Using the keyhole limpet hemocyanin dataset, a public cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) dataset containing two dimensional projections of the particles in two views (top and side) in several orientations, and a recent deep learning algorithm made available in a GitHub repository, we design the procedure to pick both views with high degree of confidence, using only online resources and running in a standard laptop. Methodology: The defocus images are subject to a pre-processing stage to increase its contrast and ameliorate its radiometric range. This is followed by a training stage, that needs a few images annotated with examples of both views of interest – top and side view – identified using user-friendly tools available online. The annotated subset of images is divided for train and validation purposes, and the algorithm runs to produce a set of weights, that can be used for inference in any other similar image, locating all the instances of the particles in both views in seconds. Results: From the 57 images used to evaluate the performance of the algorithm, 63% had both precision and recall better than 90%. The global precision on the test dataset was 91.6% and recall 98.1%. Considering each view separately, top views detections attain a precision of 91.7%, with 100% for recall; side views recall remains on 96.7%, while precision attain 91.5%. Conclusion: Deep learning methods are a promising tool for extracting large amounts of single particle views as needed for quality 3D structure reconstruction, as they can be implemented with minimal computer skills and trained to achieve state-of-the-art automatic discrimination, as described in this study.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic Bacillus aerophilus from the Leaves of Azadirachta indica as a Potential Biocontrol against Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Peter Kasyula Mwendwa, Anncarol W. Karanja, John M. Maingi","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i10762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i10762","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The study entailed isolation and identification of Bacillus aerophilus in the leaves of young Azadirachta indica plants, establishing the antimicrobial activity of the endophyte against Staphylococcus aureus, and screening for phytochemicals. The study investigated the potential of the endophytic Bacillus aerophilus in pathogen inhibition and phytochemical screening for bioactive compounds produced by the endophyte that can be used in drug development. The research contributes to the wider scientific goal of curbing rising cases of antibiotic resistance.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Sample: collected from Kanyonyoo in Kitui County, between August 2022 and June 2023.&#x0D; Methodology: The bacteria were aseptically isolated and sub-cultured on nutrient agar. For identification, the bacteria underwent biochemical tests and molecular characterization. The 16S rRNA region was amplified and sequenced using universal primers 27F and 1492R. Bacterial isolate K1L003 was identified as Bacillus aerophilus. For antimicrobial testing, the agar disk diffusion method was used against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus on Mueller Hinton Agar plates (MHA). The controls were doxycycline and vancomycin.&#x0D; Results: The endophytic isolate only inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (P < .001), with an inhibition mean similar to doxycycline (26 mm), against the pathogen. The endophytic isolate produced terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids.&#x0D; Conclusion: Endophytic Bacillus aerophilus has better antimicrobial inhibition potential than vancomycin, against Staphylococcus aureus and produces diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. The endophyte has the potential to produce compounds that are useful in treating drug-resistant Staphylococcal infections.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant, Extensively Drug Resistant and Pandrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates among In-Patients and Out-Patients in a Multi-Profile Health Care Settings","authors":"Beatrice Ngozi John-Onwe, Ugonna Cassandra Aniokete, Francis Amadi Ibiam, Ikemesit Udeme Peter, Chidinma Stacy Iroha, Ifeanyichukwu Romanus Iroha","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i10761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i10761","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most life-threatening pathogens, especially in healthcare settings, and a main contributor to multi-drug resistance (MDR), extensive-drug resistance (XDR), and pan-drug resistant (PDR) phenotypes. However, there is limited data on the degree of resistance of these isolates in this region. This study seeks to determine the distribution of MDR, XDR, and PDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from different patient groups. A total of five hundred (500) non-duplicated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa of human clinical samples were collected from the Microbiology Laboratory Unit of Alex Ekwueme Teaching Hospital Abakaliki. The isolates were identified and re-characterized by standard microbiology techniques. MDR, XDR, and PDR were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method, and the results were analyzed using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) zone diameter breakpoints. The result shows that the overall resistant phenotype was MDR 50. 7%, XDR 20.5%, and PDR 9.6% while in samples from in-patients and out-patients, resistant phenotype proportions were MDR 43.2%, XDR 32.4%, PDR 10.1% and MDR 61.2%, XDR 29.7%, and PDR 18.5% respectively. Worrisomely, only a few tested antimicrobial agents (Amikacin, cefepime) were active against the test organism, presenting a limited therapeutic option. It is therefore imperative to establish strong regulative measures and guidelines that would help in curtailing the increasing dissemination of these superbugs in healthcare institutions in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135435575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Soil Actinomycetes from Diverse Land Use Systems in Meru South, Eastern Kenya","authors":"Judith M. Gitari, Moses M. Muraya, Benson O. Onyango, John M. Maingi","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i10760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i10760","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The increasing emergence and global spread of antibiotic-resistance by microorganisms pose a severe public health threat. Continuous exploration of different environments is required to find new sources of antibacterial compounds. Therefore, the study isolated, characterized and identified potential Actinomycetes candidates with antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens from diverse land use systems.&#x0D; Study Design: Soil samples from land use systems were collected using a cross-sectional survey technique using line transect sampling in order to isolate Actinomycetes. A 30 × 7× 3 factorial experiment with a completely randomized design was used for evaluating Actinomycetes isolates with antibacterial activity.&#x0D; Methodology: The in-vitro cultivation of Actinomycetes was evaluated using four selective media. The Actinomycetes isolates were characterized using morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers. The antibacterial activity screening of crude extracts was conducted against six bacterial pathogens using the agar well diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of Actinomycetes isolates were analyzed using Analysis of Variance. The molecular identification was performed using 16S rRNA sequence homology.&#x0D; Results: The morphological analysis showed variations in colony morphology, including differences in color, size, and texture. Biochemical tests provided insights into the metabolic capabilities of the isolates, indicating variations in enzymatic activities and substrate utilization. Antagonistic activity of Actinomycetes extracts exhibited significant differences (P =.05) against test bacterial pathogens. Notably, isolate C52 from degraded forest zone showed the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (12.21 mm), isolate L6 (16.23 mm) against Listeria monocytogenes and isolate C50 (15.5 mm) against Raoutella planticola. Streptomyces celluloflavus, S. griseobrunneus, S. pratensis, S. crystallinus, and S. eurocidicus were identified in the study.&#x0D; Conclusion: The crude extracts obtained from Actinomycetes showed significant antibacterial activity against the selected test organisms. This suggests the presence of bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial properties within these extracts.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135696014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}