Journal of Advances in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Navigating the Challenge of Tuberculosis Drug Resistance: Unveiling Intrinsic and Acquired Pathways to Overcome the Threat","authors":"H. Aslam, Muhammad Umar Sharif, Amna Uroos, Mahnoor Rana, Waqas Farooq","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i6829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i6829","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), continues to be a persistent worldwide health problem, made worse by the appearance of strains that are resistant to drugs. This review thoroughly examines the complex phenomenon of drug resistance in TB, investigating both the intrinsic characteristics and acquired changes that contribute to the bacterial ability to withstand treatment. It explores the progression of tuberculosis treatment, starting with the basic medications that target cell wall formation, then moving on to more advanced tactics that overcome resistance. It also discusses the new third-line therapies, providing insights into the dynamic landscape of TB treatment. Considering the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains, it is crucial to adopt innovative strategies. These may involve altering existing antibiotics, investigating new chemicals, and gaining a more comprehensive understanding of new targets. This review emphasizes the need of knowing MTB medication resistance mechanisms that will enhance our understanding of MTB medication resistance and prepares us for future study, providing insights and approaches to address this global health issue more effectively.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"44 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141345888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Ayurveda Therapeutic in Prophylaxis of COVID 19 Pandemic","authors":"Prasant Arya, Jaspal Singh Chauhan, Dinesh Kumar, Pankaj Kumar","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i6828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i6828","url":null,"abstract":"Now a day the world is go under slightly safe zone of imminent Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic situation that cause the highly acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several COVID-19 variants, like Alpha, Delta, Gama, OMICRON and PIROLA, is also causing serious health problems in the world. The diseases have spread throughout the world, with over 774 million confirmed cases and 7.03 million deaths as on March 21, 2024. The pandemic continues to propagate due to the absence of a scientifically validated prophylaxis and therapeutic plan, despite global attempts to eliminate it. The elements of the pandemic require the immediate manipulation of all information system that is globally available. In the treatment of COVID-19 cases, the use of conventional Chinese Medicine in Wuhan provides an indication that conventional health facility will contribute successfully to the cure of these patients. A practical intervention strategy in India is suggested here, based on the Ayurveda classic, recent scientific study and experimental experience in parallel clinical environments. We give a graded response plan, based on the process of infection in a population of individuals. Clinical care is required, despite that’s the fact that no medical frame work also has evidence-based therapy for COVID-19 yet. For the Ayurveda medicine process, therefore, the practical solution proposed here requires immediate implementation. This will temporary learning; it will produce evidence and it will be being a way forward.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Inoculation Techniques for Enhanced Rust Disease Pressure in Fig Trees: Insights on Cerotelium fici Multiplication and Maintenance","authors":"Lohate, S. R., Khaire, P. B, Bansode, G. M.","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i5827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i5827","url":null,"abstract":"Fig rust is one of the most prevalent diseases caused by Cerotelium fici is an obligate parasite and it has to be maintained only on its own host. The present study was taken into consideration to check the comparative effectiveness of various inoculation methods for inducing disease symptoms, maintaining and multiplying inoculums, and examining the slow rusting mechanism. For this, a polyhouse experiment using the Poona fig cultivar was conducted at the National Agricultural Research Project, Ganeshkhind, Pune. Ninety-days-old three fig layers, each with four to five healthy leaves, were inoculated in the evening using six different inoculation methods. The suspension of urediospores used for inoculation was made with 5 X 108 spores ml-1 in sterile water. The result of the study revealed that, leaf dip, micro droplet and hand inoculation methods were found most effective for mass multiplication and maintenance of C. fici.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"42 02","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Variation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteriological Parameters in Groundwater Sources in Oyi LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"Elochukwu Chidubem Sunday Okoye, Nnachetam Anthony Egudu, N. A. Dibua, L. C. Okoye","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i5825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i5825","url":null,"abstract":"Potable water is essential for health and survival of all life forms. Contamination of groundwater sources by microbes, organic and inorganic matter has continued to negatively affect the well-being of most people in developing countries such as Nigeria. Thus, this study aimed to determine the seasonal variation and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteriological parameters in groundwater sources in Oyi LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria. Hand-dug well and borehole water sites were randomly selected in five communities of Oyi LGA, and water samples were aseptically collected and analyzed using standard microbiological procedures. The total heterotrophic counts of bacteria isolated from groundwater samples during both seasons were between 1.3×102 and 2.87×104 CFU/mL, total coliform counts ranged from 2 to 165 MPN/100mL and faecal coliform ranged from 0 to 32 MPN/100mL. Probable bacterial isolates in groundwater samples were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Shigella flexneri, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterobacter sp. Seasonal variations showed there were more bacterial loads in sampled water during wet season than dry season. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all the bacterial isolates were sensitive to Levofloxacin and Ofloxacin, and are recommended for treatment of diseases caused by some of these pathogens. Shigella flexneri exhibited highest susceptibility (60%) to the antibiotics, while Enterobacter faecalis showed highest resistance (70%). Escherichia coli exhibited 50% susceptibility and 50% resistance. The sampled water sources did not meet the WHO and NSDWQ guidelines for drinking water, and therefore not fit for human consumption without adequate treatment.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Computational Prediction of Novel Epitopes on VP2 Protein of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus","authors":"Niraj K. Singh, Anuj Tyagi, S. Singhal, Anjay, Yogendra Singh Jadoun, Anuradha Kumari","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i5824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i5824","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Recently, many viral Immunogenic peptides or epitopes have been used as potential vaccine and also immuno-diagnostic candidates. In this study, we predicted different epitopic peptides on VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) using bioinformatics tools, which can be potential vaccine as well as diagnostic candidate for IBD, in future. \u0000Study Design:  In the present study, B-cell epitopes (linear or continuous, and conformational) and T-cell epitopes were predicted on VP2 protein. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna, and Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India between June and December 2023. \u0000Methodology: For the prediction of linear B-cell epitopes, Bepipred Linear Epitope Prediction 2.0, SVMTriP, and BCPred tools were used, while Ellipro was used for conformational B-cell epitopes prediction. In the absence of immune-bioinformatics tool is available to predict poultry MHC-peptide binding, only those human MHC-I/II alleles having greater than 70% identities those of poultry MHC-I/II alleles were selected. NetMHCcons 1.1 and NetMHCIIpan - 4.0 tools were used to predict strong binding affinity of peptides  with MHC-I and MHC-II, respectively. \u0000Results: As per analysis by four different tools, the peptide ‘SYDLGYVRLGDPIPAIGLDPKMV ATCDSSDRPRVYTITAADDYQFSSQYQPGGV164-217’ (EpitopeL) was predicted as the most prominent linear B-cell epitope. Two peptides, i.e. ANLNSPLKIAG (EpitopeC 1) and SSQYQPGGRTSVHGLGLTTGTDKSGGQAGDQMS (EpitopeC 2) were predicted as potent conformational B-cell epitopes. During T-cell epitopes prediction, human HLA*B 40:06, HLA*B 41:03 and HLA*B 41:04 alleles chosen as homologues of poultry MHC class I alleles while DRB1:1310, DRB1:1366, DRB1:1445, and DRB1:1482 chosen as homologues of poultry MHC class II alleles. A 9-mer GELVFQTSV236-244 peptide was predicted as MHC-I strong binder ability while, two 15-mer peptides, i.e. YTKLILSERDRLGIK389-403 and QMLLTAQNLPASYNY76-90 were predicted as MHC-II strong binder ability. \u0000Conclusion: Using bio-computational analysis, one linear and two conformational B-cell epitopes were predicted on VP2 protein of IBDV. During T-cell epitopes prediction one 9-mer peptide and two 15-mer peptides were predicted as MHC-I and MHC-II strong binding peptides, respectively. After assessing protective immune responses through in vitro and in vivo studies, these predicted peptides could be potential candidates for developing subunit vaccines.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"23 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Different Bioagents against Collar Rot Disease of Chickpea Incited by Sclerotium rolfsii under In vitro Conditions","authors":"V. K. Bagul, S. Hasabnis, A. M. Navale, S. Kolase, .. Satyam","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i5821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i5821","url":null,"abstract":"Sclerotium rolfsii is a destructive soil-borne pathogen causes over 500 spp. in 100 families of agricultural and horticultural crops. Collar rot disease of chickpea caused by pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. First symptom associated with S. rolfsii are usually girdling or rotting at basal or collar region of the stem resulting yellowing and wilting of entire plant. In the current study, the seven microorganisms were evaluated by dual culture technique for their antagonistic effect against S. rolfsii under In-vitro conditions. Maximum mycelial growth inhibition (80.97%) was noticed in Trichoderma harzianum which was followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens (74.04%). Least inhibition was observed in T. virens (45.53%). The results showed that the application of these bioagents were successfully decreases the disease incidence in chickpea.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140997291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of HBV Co-infections with HCV and HIV among Blood Donors in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria","authors":"Famoni O. P, Oyinloye J. M. A, Okiki P. A, Daramola G. O, Ojerinde A. O, Ajayi O. D","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i5822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i5822","url":null,"abstract":"Blood is a life-saving resource. Despite the significance of blood transfusion in saving a millions life in emergencies and medical treatment, the safety of blood transfusion faced challenges of transmitting life threatening transfusion transmissible infectious agents such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The study was carried out to determine the sero-prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and co-infections among blood donors in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. A total of five hundred (500) prospective blood donors age ranged from 18 to 60 years attending Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital between May to November, 2019 were recruited for the study. Prospective study was based on questionnaires administered to generate socio-demographics and a 5ml venous blood samples were obtained from each blood donors and the plasma was used for determination of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV using immunoassay rapid test kit (RTK) Diaspot, Belgium and HIV-1 and HIV-2 Determine Alere Medical ,Japan and further tested with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Biorad Monolisa, France). The prevalence of  HBV, HCV and HIV were 4.8%, 1.2% and 1.8%  respectively, while co-infections with  HBV/ HIV and HBV/HCV were 0.2% and 0.2% respectively and there was no case of triple infections among the blood donors. The incidence rate was high in HBV followed by HIV and HCV. The use of RTK and ELISA for screening of blood donor for HBsAg, anti HCV and HIV in terms of their sensitively and specificity showed that ELISA is more sensitive than RTK while RTK is more specific than ELISA. From the retrospective study age and  gender distribution was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). A significance difference was observed between married blood donors and HIV infection (P < 0.05) and also blood donors with history of blood transfusion showed statistical significant to HBV and HCV (P < 0.05). The prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections among blood donors were found to be statistically associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, surgical operation, multiple sex partners and tattooing (P < 0.05). This study shows that the prevalence of  HBV infection in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State ,Nigeria was higher than HCV and HIV, hence there is need to increase public awareness of the socio-cultural practices that contribute to the transmission of infection.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140997740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological Assessment of Commercial Antibiotic Discs from selected Pharmacies in Bwari Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"Moses Daniel Magrapedo, T. Ozoude","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i4820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i4820","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To assess the potency of two brands of locally prepared antibiotics against two bacterial species.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Veritas University, Abuja, Nigeria, between September 2021 and February 2022.\u0000Methodology: We purchased two brands of antibiotics and obtained our test isolates from General hospital in Bwari, Abuja. The test isolates were characterized both routinely and molecularly by Sanqer sequencing method to confirm the species. Agar diffusion method was employed to assess the effectiveness of the antibiotics on the test isolates. Finally, the results were compared with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). \u0000Results: The isolates obtained from the Bwari Genera l Hospital were characterized routinely and molecularly to identify the species. Disc - agar diffusion modified method was employed while the potencies of the discs were compared with approved standards of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The two brands which are locally made and available in multidisc panels, demonstrated performances against Staphylococcus sciuri and Proteus mirabilis but showed significant variations in concentrations and in their inhibitory zone diameters. Both brands containing Tarivid (10 µg) produced only a small zone against Proteus mirabilis, while Streptomycin (30 µg) and Gentamycin (10 µg) exhibited unreadable zones against Staphylococcus sciuri. Unreadable zones of inhibition, which implies large zones that merged together and exceeded plate diameters at the time of reading; were common with both brands and can lead to mis-information, increase in the susceptibility of resistant organisms and eventually, drug abuse.\u0000Conclusion: The result of this assessment shows, that there is gross variation in these commercially available but locally prepared antibiotic discs. The disparity in the types of antimicrobial agents and their concentrations will pose a delicate problem to clinical microbiologists and subsequently in the diagnosis, administration of antibiotics and the likelihood of drug resistance.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141014190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Uropathogens and Associated Risk Factors in Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in a Teaching Hospital in Awka, Nigeria","authors":"Nwankwo, U.G, E. C.U., Ezeadila, J.O, Okoli Ikechukwu","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i4819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i4819","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the very serious common problems encountered in pregnancy, and it is associated with severe maternal and fetal risks which include maternal chorioamnionitis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, preterm birth, low birth weight, and increased perinatal mortality if untreated. The prevalence of UTI varies worldwide. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of uropathogens and associated risk factors in UTI in pregnant women in Awka, Nigeria. This was a cross sectional study that involved 269 pregnant women. Clean-catch mid-stream morning urine specimens were collected and examined macroscopically, microscopically and bacteriologically. Information on Socio-demographic characteristics and some clinical factors were collected using pre-designed questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22 and the p-value was set at P=0.05. A total of 118 isolates were obtained and the prevalence of UTI in the study population was 39.8%. The most predominant bacterium was Enterococcus faecalis 34(29%), followed by Escherichia coli 21(17.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 15(12.7%), Staphylococcus aureus 10(8.4%), Staphyloccocus saprophyticus 7(6.0%), Enterobacter cloacae 6(5.1%), and Staphyloccocus epidermidis 4(3.4%). Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis occurred at frequency of 3(2.5%) each while Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Morganella morganii occurred at 2(1.7%) each. Candida species were also isolated, including Candida albicans 4(3.4%), Candida krusei 3(2.5%) and Candida guilliermondii 1(0.8%). None of the socio-demographic variables were statistically associated with UTI. Teachings on personal hygiene during every antenatal visit can help prevent UTI in pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"118 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Properties of Boerhavia diffusa and Huntaria umbellata on Bacteria Isolated from Blood Samples of Malaria Patients.","authors":"Omoya, O. F., Onifade, A. K., Ologun, O. M.","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i4815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i4815","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria remains a major infectious disease ravaging the tropical part of the world with more deleterious effects on tropical low- and middle-income nations. Aside from the complications, secondary infections by bacteria have become rampant; hence, the need for the antibacterial properties of Boerhaavia diffusa and Huntaria umbellate extracts. Bioactive ingredients of the plants were extracted using standard methods and the extracts were subjected to filtration using a membrane-injection filter. Malaria positive blood samples were obtained and the bacteria present in them were isolated and identified before subjecting them to sensitivity test on the extracts. The results showed that steroids and tannin were not detected in both cold and hot water extracts while glycoside was the most abundant in the extracts, followed by terpenoid and phenol. The probable bacteria generally identified are Acinetobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Streptococcus and Pseudomonas. The bacteria with the highest frequency of occurrence were Salmonella and Staphylococcus. The least occurred bacteria was Pseudomonas. Both Staphylococcus and Salmonella had 28% of occurrence in all the samples. Salmonella was most susceptible to ampicillin having a diameter of zone of inhibition of 18.33±0.58 mm, while it was not susceptible at all to nitrofurantoin. Escherichia was most susceptible to tetracycline with a zone diameter of 14.33±0.58 mm, while Pseudomonas was most susceptible to ampicillin having a zone diameter of 10.00±0.00 mm. At 100mg/mL concentration, the highest diameter of zone of inhibition was 11.33±0.58. The results obtained in this study have shown that both B. diffusa and H. umbellate extracts have a high antibacterial effect.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":" 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}