Journal of Advances in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Ubiqutin Proteasomes System (UPS) - an Intriguing Weapon of Plants and It's Modification by Plant Pathogens as Virulence Mechanism","authors":"V. M, M. Thabrez, H. J, Lakshmeesha R, Karan R, N. Vamsidharreddy","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i4814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i4814","url":null,"abstract":"Plants' ubiquitin-26S proteasome degradation system (UPS) is involved in the signal transduction of numerous cellular functions, including pathogen-triggered host immunological responses. Pathogens that attack create effectors that are translocated into host cells and disrupt defensive signals in the host in specific ways. Certain bacterial effectors, which are presently best understood in Pseudomonas syringae, exploit or depend on the host UPS for their activity, which may not come as a surprise given the extensive role of the host proteasome in plant immunology. Interestingly, certain strains of P. syringae express syringolin A, a virulence factor that uses a unique mechanism to irreversibly block the proteasome. This section summarizes the UPS's defense function for plants and how effectors use it. It also covers the biology, taxonomic distribution, and emerging implications for virulence strategies of syringolin A and similar compounds.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"72 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) Based Identification of Trichoderma Isolates and Biocontrol Activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Chitinase Activity","authors":"Jaygendra Kumar, Mukesh Kumar, .. Vaishali, Akash Tomar, Puspendra Kumar","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i4813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i4813","url":null,"abstract":"Twelve Trichoderma spp. isolated from different locations in Uttar Pradesh, India. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplification and sequencing were used to identify isolates of Trichoderma that showed 99–100% identification with Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma asperellum, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum, the three species of Trichoderma. Tests were conducted in Vitro to evaluate the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma isolates against Fusarium species. After seven days of incubation, the isolate TBT6 (T. harzianum) exhibited the greatest antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum, with inhibition rates of 87.1%) by TBT7 (82.2%), and the least amount of inhibition (59.7%) by T. longibrachiatum isolate TBT10. Under field conditions, the antagonistic T. harzianum isolate TBT6 can be employed as a bio-control agent against Fusarium oxysporum. and for the development of formulations based on Trichoderma. Using the dual plate approach, twelve highly antagonistic Trichoderma isolates were selected for chitinolytic activity. Observing the breakdown of chitin substrates, Trichoderma isolates TBT6 was shown to have strong chitinolytic enzyme activity, making it a good candidate for endochitinase gene isolation. Using two particular primers, the genomic DNA of the Trichoderma isolate TBT6 was isolated and amplified.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated in Garaku, Keffi and Mararaban-Gurku Healthcentres, Nasarawa-West Senatorial District, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","authors":"Eko, Kefas Osayi, Ngwai Yakubu Boyi, Nkene Istifanus Haruna, Abimiku Rejoice Helma, Datok, Danladi Walong","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i4812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i4812","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This Study is aimed at studying the Antimicrobial Resistance profile of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated in Garaku, Keffi and Mararaban-gurku Healthcentres, Nasarawa-West Senatorial District, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.\u0000Study Design: is a survey research.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between June, 2021 and January,2024.\u0000Methodology: 384 urine samples of patients with suspected cases of UTIs were collected and E. coli was isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of the isolates was carried out in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method.\u0000Results: The occurrence of E. coli was 92(24%). The isolates were generally more resistant to Ampicillin (AMP) with 75.0%.  Streptomycin (S) 70.7% Cefotaxime (CTX) 68.5% but less resistant to Ciprofloxacin (9.8%) followed by Gentamicin 17.4%. The commonest resistance phenotype was AMC-AMP-CAZ-CTX-S-SXT (5.4%). Most of the isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) Index of above 0.2 with the commonest MAR Index at GHK, GHG and MCM-g of 0.7(21.4%), 0.4(28.0%) and 0.3(23.1%) respectively. The antibiotics resistant E. coli isolates were grouped into different categories of antibiotic resistance namely: Non Multiple Drug Resistance (NMDR); Excessive Drug Resistance (XDR); Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) and Pan Drug Resistance (PDR). The occurrence of classes of antibiotic resistance was of the orderMDR75(81.5%) ˃ NMDR9(9.8%) ˃XDR7(7.6%) > PDR 1(1.1%).\u0000Conclusion: with the results from this research, E. coli being non susceptible to many antimicrobials is a clear indication that, prescription of these antimicrobials by physicians and usage by patients must be done with diligence and utmost care and vigorous campaign by stakeholders must be step up to bring to the barest minimum incidences of Antimicrobial resistance.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Tuberculosis and Risk Factors: Population Study in Rivers State, Nigeria's Niger Delta Region, Nigeria","authors":"R. Nwalozie, B. A. Nnokam, Jubril Adeyinka Kareem, Jane Nkechi Obi-Thomas","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3810","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), an infectious airborne bacterium primarily impacting the lungs and instigating a chronic inflammatory response, persists as an enduring menace.    This study aims to evaluate the interplay between MTB infection and associated risk factors in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study involved 392 participants from three local government areas (LGAs): Eleme, Obio/Akpor, and PHALGA. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographics variables and associated risk factors. A stratified random sampling method was employed. Statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics and Spearman's correlation coefficient, was performed using SPSS version 25. Correlation analysis of socio-demographic variables revealed no significant associations with MTB, as indicated by non-significant p-values of (p=0.27), (p=0.83), (p=0.42), (p=0.35), (p=0.49), (p=0.28) for age, sex, education, occupation, marital status and geographical area respectively. However, significant positive weak correlations emerged between MTB infection and cough (p=0.00), hepatitis (p=0.01), coughing blood (p=0.00), and fever (p=0.00). Conversely, family TB history (p=0.93), cough lasting 2 weeks (p=0.84), weight loss (p=0.19), contact with a person who has been coughing for 2 weeks (p=0.93), and alcohol consumption (p=0.55) did not show significant associations. While demographic characteristics alone may not be strong predictors of MTB infection, this study highlights the complex interplay between various risk factors Addressing these risk factors through targeted interventions and raising awareness can contribute to reducing the TB burden in Rivers State and the Niger Delta region.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"28 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140721290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotypic Characterization and Virulence Features of Bacteria Associated with Chicken Meat in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Nima, L. K., O. N. N., Amadi, L. O., Douglas, S. I., Sampson, T.","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3808","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial investigation of live poultry birds were carried out in three different locations (Aluu, Elioparanwo and RSU) in Ikwerre, Obio-Akpor and Port Harcourt Local Government Areas, Rivers State, Nigeria. In this study a total of 125 samples of muscle (25), breast (25), intestine (25), wing (25) and leg (25) of poultry birds were analysed using molecular techniques and evaluating there virulence features. The birds were processed and microbiological analysis was done using standard procedures, molecular identification of the isolates was carried out. The mean total heterotrophic bacterial count of the muscle, breast, intestine, wing and leg in the three different locations ranged from 16.6±2.3 to 25.2±3.5, 1.6±0.2 to 24.8±8.6, 0.11±0.1 to 8.9±2.7, 1.1±0.8 to 10.6±1.8 and 3.4±0.1 to 4.9±0.9 CFU/g, respectively. The mean total coliform counts of the three locations ranged from 2.1±0.3 to 2.1±0.2, 1.8±0.2 to 0.9±0.6, and 0.32±2.5 to 0.32±0.25, 2.6±0.3 to 7.7±0.9 and 2.3±0.4 to 2.9±0.3 CFU/g, respectively. Virulence features of A. caviae (CP072326, OL45594) shows proteolytic activity, catalytic DNase, motility, starch hydrolysis and biofilm formation. A. baumanii (ON606300) showed Lipolytic activity, catalytic, starch hydrolysis, capsule formation and biofilm formation. C. braakii (ON557391) was positive for Motility, catalytic and proteolytic.  JQ231164 C. freudii (motile, catalytic, proteolytic and biofilm formation. E. hormaechei (ON834331, ON834332) was positive for motility, starch hydrolysis and biofilm formation. MN733229 M. odoratiminus (Lipolytic, motile, catalytic, DNase, proteolytic, ureolytic, heomolytic, capsule formation and biofilm formation. The study revealed that microbial contamination of Chicken meat could arise from bacteria present in the environment and on birds. These findings, thus underscored the urgent need for improved biosecurity measures, enhanced hygiene practices to safeguard both poultry health and public health. There should therefore be stringent implementation of food safety measure throughout the poultry value chain from farm to table.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AntimicrobialResistance and Virulence of Shiga-Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli from Milk Samples of Some Cattle Farms Al-Buḥayrah Governorate Egypt","authors":"Mohamed Sabry Abd Elraheam Elsayed, Alaa Eldin Hussein, Samaa Mahmoud Mohamed Abutabeikh","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i2792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i2792","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Contamination of milk with Escherichia coli (E. coli) can pose significant public health and economic concerns. The current study was conducted to explore the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in milk samples of dairy cows in Egypt.\u0000Study Design: Twenty milk samples were gathered from dairy cattle (ten from healthy cows and ten from mastitic cows) and examined for the presence of Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli using Eosin Methylene Blue agar. Molecular detection of virulence genes and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance were performed.\u0000Results: E. coli was isolated from 65% (13/20) of the total milk samples (90% from mastitic cows and 40% from normal healthy cows). The virulence gene profiling of E.coli by polymerase chain reaction revealed that 84.62% (11/13) were Stx2a, 69.23% (9/13) were Stx2f, and 61.54% (8/13) were positive for Stx1 and Stx2 similarly. All the isolates showed resistance to Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, Linezolid, Penicillin G, and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, while 92.3% expressed resistance to Amoxicillin/ Clavulanic acid, and Tylosin, and 84.62% of the isolates were resistant to Oxytetracycline indicating multidrug-resistant profiles.\u0000Conclusion: The present work highlights the presence of various E. coli strains, including potential pathogens and multidrug-resistant isolates, in milk samples from dairy cows. Regular milk testing and improved mastitis control measures are the key to reduce the public health risks and to safeguarde dairy farm productivity.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"67 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immuno-Positivity of HIV among Long Distance Drivers, Short Distance Drivers and Ordinary Drivers in Rivers State","authors":"K. F. Williams, D. M. Chioma","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i1786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i1786","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the immuno-positivity of HIV among long, short distance drivers and ordinary drivers in different motor parks in Choba and Rumuokoro community Rivers State was investigated for their retroviral status. A total of 81 commercial drivers between the ages 30-56 while 15 ordinary drivers between the ages 35-60 years old volunteered for the screening.Questionnaires were administered to the participants before their blood samples were aseptically collected. HIV screening was carried out using Determine HIV ½ strips. The results showed that a 40-year old commercial driver (3%) in the long distance driver category tested positive for HIV 2. However, in the short distance driver category, two commercial drivers aged 38 and 41 respectively (4%) tested positive for HIV 2. The ordinary drivers were all tested negative for HIV 2. The Level of HIV awareness among Long, short distance drivers and ordinary drivers is 84%. Sixteen are aware of all routes of transmission while 16% have very little or no Knowledge of the non-sexual routes. Response from the questionnaire showed a high level (84%) of awareness of HIV infection.  Due to the nature of their occupation, commercial drivers are always exposed to multiple sex partners. Therefore, HIV awareness, prevention and treatment should be vigorously encouraged among commercial drivers. ","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"61 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Interactions in the Management of Groundnut Stem Rot","authors":"K. Yamunarani, S. Sangeetha, K. Chitra, K. Dhanalakshmi, V. Dhanushkodi","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i12785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i12785","url":null,"abstract":"Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil seed crop in the world belonging to the Leguminosae family. It is one of the essential food and cash crops of our country. In India, a large number of diseases attack groundnut [1]. Among soil borne diseases, stem rot or white mold caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. [2] is an important disease causing significant yield losses in several groundnut growing countries (Mehan et al., 1994). Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a destructive soil borne fungal pathogen of oil seed crop in India. Different practices are recommended for management of groundnut stem rot such as deep summer ploughing, destruction of plant debris, crop rotation with jowar and bajra, seed treatment with carbendazim or captan or mancozeb or tebuconazole, soil drenching with hexaconazole, application of ammonium sulphate or calcium ammonium nitrate instead of urea and application of gypsum at flowering stage. Further, no single treatment is full proof and disease continues to cause losses in farmers’ fields. Biological control offers an interesting alternative to fungicides for sustainable management of soil borne diseases. Biocontrol is a non-chemical measure, could be effective as chemical control by various techniques. Among the techniques, the mixture of antagonists was studied to enchance the control efficacy. In most studies, the involvement of only mechanism of biological control is demonstrated. Involvement of more than one mechanism has been reported in only a few systems. Use of several biocontrol agents with several mechanisms of control fits in well with the concepts of integrated disease management, in which several means of disease suppression are applied concurrently. When single or more means of mechanisms are not effective, the others may compensate for the former absence. The present study, involved three major bacterial antagonists viz., Streptomyces violaceusniger, Streptomyces exfoliatus and Pseudomonas fluorescens to find out the effective dose of mixtures. The different doses from 10-1 to 10-5 were studied, the dose 10-1 of Streptomyces violaceusniger have more efficiency of 86.70, than S. exfoliatus. The efficacy of Streptomyces violaceusniger with combination of other antagonists were tested and found that, the mixture of Streptomyces violaceusniger and P.  fluorescens have synergistic activity than any other combinations which have synergistic factor greater than one.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Risk Factors for Microbial Contamination of Vegetables in Market Gardening Environments in Niamey, Niger","authors":"Almou Abdoulaye Alio, Yaou Chaibou, R. M. Moustapha, Alio Sanda Abdel-Kader, Sabo Haoua Seini, Sadou Hassimi","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i1784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i1784","url":null,"abstract":"Market gardening is an income-generating activity that is developing more and more in large African cities due to the strong demand for consumption in households and hotels. Market gardening has become a new profession and plays an important role in the supply of fresh vegetables. The aim of the present study was to assess market gardening practices at risk of causing vegetable microbial contamination in the market gardening environment of the urban community of Niamey. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from march to June 2022 on three market gardening sites (Harobanda, Gamkalé and Gounti yéna) in Niamey city with market gardeners. A total of 108 market gardeners were surveyed using a pre-established questionnaire. Market gardening is 100% practiced by men, most of them are over 40 years old (53.70%), of Niger nationality (62.96%) and unschooled (45.10%). River water (swimming pool) is used for 81.48% of watering, without any treatment (92.30%). Market gardeners are unaware of the danger of going down to the water source to draw water (61.11%). Some 87.04% of fields have no latrine, 37.04% are near garbage, 35.19% near drainage channels and 100% near a road. Two (2) types of fertilizer are used: chemical fertilizer (96.30%) and manure (98.15%), without any treatment (69.23%). Vegetables are stored on the ground (87.04%) after harvesting. The behavior of market gardeners on production sites gives no guarantee of healthy vegetables. In view of this behavior, sanitary education seems necessary for market gardeners.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139530969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risks of Salmonellosis Linked to the Consumption of Lettuce Grown on the Outskirts and in Unexploited Intra-Urban Areas of the City of Bouaké, Central-Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Kouassi Adingra Gustave, K. Clément, Ouina Toualy Serge Thibaut, Konaté Ibrahim","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i1783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i1783","url":null,"abstract":"Lettuce is one of the most popular and consumed vegetables in the world. It could be contaminated with Salmonella spp. which would lead to food poisoning. The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the risk of salmonellosis linked to the consumption of lettuce produced in Bouaké (Central-Côte d’Ivoire). A survey of 138 urban lettuce producers and 384 salad lettuce consumers was first conducted. Then, microbiological analyzes were carried out on forty-five lettuce samples collected in the city of Bouaké. A probabilistic approach was followed to quantitatively assess the risks associated with the consumption of lettuce. Finally, the risk of ingestion of the infectious dose which is 105 cells of Salmonella spp. was estimated by a Monte Carlo type simulation. Microbiological analyzes showed that Salmonella spp. loads ranged from 0 ± 0 CFU/g to 7.73.102 ± 2.33.101 CFU/g. Furthermore, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in lettuce was 77.78%. The risk of salmonellosis exists and is 6.36% to 6.56%; i.e. 6,360 to 6,560 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. This study showed that lettuces were contaminated with Salmonella spp. There is a risk of developing typhoid or paratyphoid salmonellosis following their consumption.","PeriodicalId":14918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}