2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy最新文献_第2页

Quantification of optimal electricity cost risk reduction for a South African gold mining company 量化南非一家金矿公司降低电费风险的最佳方案

2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy Pub Date : 2014-09-22 DOI: 10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904213

L. F. van der Zee, R. Pelzer, G. Bolt

{"title":"Quantification of optimal electricity cost risk reduction for a South African gold mining company","authors":"L. F. van der Zee, R. Pelzer, G. Bolt","doi":"10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904213","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity cost risks such as carbon tax, ECS and unavoidable tariff increases threaten the financial wellbeing of South African gold mines. Some of these proposed cost risks are however not enforced as yet. However, once approved, they could result in thousands of jobs being lost. The Eskom Integrated Demand Management (IDM) funding program for industrial projects has also been put on hold. With more than 97 large (367 MW total) projects already implemented on South African gold mines, these savings or projects were regarded as easier and with the largest savings. Therefore, new projects could be difficult to motivate due to longer payback periods of IDM funding being stopped. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the total electricity cost risk reduction potential of one of the largest gold mining companies in South Africa. The electricity reduction potential will then be quantified in relation to the largest electricity consuming services and optimal production ratio. Benchmarking was used to provide the optimal point of production related to energy intensity. These results also provide electricity reduction targets for other South African gold mines.","PeriodicalId":149169,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129944436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Effective multi-level energy reporting in South African industry 南非工业有效的多层次能源报告

2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy Pub Date : 2014-09-22 DOI: 10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904182

R. Maneschijn, J. Vosloo, R. Pelzer

引用次数: 4

Practical considerations in energy efficient compressor set-point control strategies 节能压缩机设定点控制策略的实际考虑

2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy Pub Date : 2014-09-22 DOI: 10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904191

A. V. van Tonder, J. Marais, G. Bolt

{"title":"Practical considerations in energy efficient compressor set-point control strategies","authors":"A. V. van Tonder, J. Marais, G. Bolt","doi":"10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904191","url":null,"abstract":"Compressed air supply and demand strategies have received significant attention since integrated demand management was initiated by Eskom. Due to the expensive nature of this vastly utilised energy carrier, every increase in the efficiency of a system is needed. Usually controlling the compressed air demand resulted in a reduced need for supply, ultimately leading to energy savings. The majority of compressed air optimisation projects on deep level mines in South Africa utilise demand side management initiatives to control or reduce compressed air usage. However, reduction in usage through control, leak repairs and reduced demand often results in system pressure build up. Compressed air supply must also then be reduced accordingly using capacity controllers. The existing capacity control is typically upgraded to reduce compressor output capacity automatically. The problem encountered is that not all compressor controls are created equal, and they produce different results in terms of efficient supply reduction. Inefficient compressor control is frequently encountered in industry today. On average, compressors operate at 16% below their maximum efficient point due to inefficient surge and capacity controllers. In contrast to this, intelligent compressor control resulted in compressors operating within 9% of their maximum efficiency point. In this case study, financial savings of R 3-million per annum could be realised.","PeriodicalId":149169,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123868007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Benefits of improved performance monitoring of mine cooling systems 矿井冷却系统性能监测改进的好处

2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy Pub Date : 2014-09-22 DOI: 10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904184

A. Holman, G. P. Heyns, R. Pelzer

引用次数: 18

Strategies for energy efficiency funding in the absence of industrial Eskom-IDM support 在没有Eskom-IDM工业支助的情况下为能源效率筹措资金的战略

2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy Pub Date : 2014-09-22 DOI: 10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904196

G. Bolt, J. Vosloo, R. Pelzer

{"title":"Strategies for energy efficiency funding in the absence of industrial Eskom-IDM support","authors":"G. Bolt, J. Vosloo, R. Pelzer","doi":"10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904196","url":null,"abstract":"In the absence of industrial Eskom-IDM (Industrial Demand Management) funding, industry is forced to look elsewhere for energy efficiency project funding. This paper outlines various taxes and government incentives for cleaner production and energy efficiency technologies in the South African mining and manufacturing context. The applicability, eligibility and financial benefit for each of the following incentives are investigated: National Cleaner Production Centre (NCPC); Clean Development Mechanism (CDM); Section 12I Industrial Policy Projects; Section 12L Tax Incentives; Manufacturing Competitive Enhancement Programme (MCEP); IDC Green Energy Efficiency Fund. The universal objective of these incentives is to stimulate the reduction of Greenhouse Gasses (GHG) by 34% by 2020 and 42% by 2025. This commitment was made by South Africa in the National Climate Change Response White Paper. However, in reality carbon tax, electricity cost inflation and a declining economy are the driving forces for industry to participate in these initiatives. These policies and programmes are promulgated by several different spheres of government and it is therefore important to understand the eligibility criteria when a combination of these programmes is utilised. This quick guide will create awareness and assist energy managers in the procurement of energy efficiency project funding.","PeriodicalId":149169,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115272578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Robust current control technique for variable DC-link Voltage Source Inverters for Renewable Energy Systems 可再生能源系统变直流电压源逆变器的鲁棒电流控制技术

2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy Pub Date : 2014-09-22 DOI: 10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904206

A. Almaktoof, A. Raji, M. Kahn

引用次数: 4

An improved motor replacement strategy using non-intrusive motor efficiency estimation 基于非侵入式电机效率估计的改进电机更换策略

2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy Pub Date : 2014-09-22 DOI: 10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904178

V. Dlamini, R. Bansal, R. Naidoo

{"title":"An improved motor replacement strategy using non-intrusive motor efficiency estimation","authors":"V. Dlamini, R. Bansal, R. Naidoo","doi":"10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904178","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing energy costs and a renewed focus on using energy in ways that support the environment, a structured approach is required to ensure that energy is used efficiently. Knowing the efficiency of installed motors is essential for effective motor energy management. The efficiency data can be used in the identification of opportunities for improving energy efficiency by replacing inefficient motors with high-efficiency motors and improving the motor-driven processes. In this paper, a non-invasive technique for estimating the efficiency of in-service induction motors without process interruption is presented. The motor efficiency is estimated using the non-intrusive compensated slip method. The accuracy of this technique is verified through experimental data. A comprehensive motor replacement strategy to reduce motor life cycle costs while increasing reliability is proposed. The application of energy management principles is combined with benefits that can be obtained from using energy-efficient motors. Tools for the economic analysis of the potential financial benefits of replacing motors with energy efficient motors are developed. The strategy presented incorporates benefits that can be obtained from using in-situ motor efficiency estimation. The replacement motor can be compared to the installed motor using the actual efficiency across the load profile for the application for which the motor is used. A case study of the application of the strategy is presented.","PeriodicalId":149169,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124430980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Reducing energy consumption of mine cooling systems by controlling chilled water demand of mobile cooling units 通过控制移动冷却机组的冷冻水需求，降低矿山冷却系统的能耗

2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy Pub Date : 2014-09-22 DOI: 10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904189

P. Maré, J. Marais, C. Kriel

{"title":"Reducing energy consumption of mine cooling systems by controlling chilled water demand of mobile cooling units","authors":"P. Maré, J. Marais, C. Kriel","doi":"10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904189","url":null,"abstract":"Energy costs are increasing rapidly. Energy efficiency strategies are required to reduce electricity consumption for energy intensive operations. Cooling systems of deep level mines consume approximately 25% of their total electricity consumption. Cold water supplied by these systems is reticulated throughout the mine. Water reticulation can account for a further 42% of the total electricity consumption of a typical deep level mine. Underground working areas in deep level mines must be cooled to account for temperatures of up to 60 °C. Mobile cooling units are often used to cool underground working areas. These units require significant amounts of chilled water. Adequate supply of chilled water to these units is crucial to comply with health and safety regulations. It is often found that the water supply to mobile cooling units is not properly managed. Energy savings can be achieved on the cooling systems as well as the reticulation systems by reducing the water consumption of mobile cooling units. Various valves were identified as possible equipment to be used to manage water consumption on mobile cooling units. A case study proved that flow reductions on the mobile cooling units are possible. Worker safety and mine production was not affected by the installations. Electrical energy savings were achieved through reduced pumping and reduction in refrigeration energy consumption. Water consumption for one mobile cooling unit was reduced by 237 kℓ/day. This is equivalent to an average saving of 37.5 kW per unit. This saving includes the reduced power consumption on the chillers and pumps. Installing the valve on 26 MCUs would potentially result in a total saving of approximately 1 MW, an annual saving of R 2.8 million.","PeriodicalId":149169,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122680486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

An integrated energy efficiency strategy for deep mine ventilation and refrigeration 深井通风制冷综合节能策略

2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy Pub Date : 2014-09-22 DOI: 10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904168

A. Schutte, M. Kleingeld, L. F. van der Zee

{"title":"An integrated energy efficiency strategy for deep mine ventilation and refrigeration","authors":"A. Schutte, M. Kleingeld, L. F. van der Zee","doi":"10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904168","url":null,"abstract":"Mine-cooling and ventilation energy cost saving projects are implemented ad hoc and scattered throughout the system. Therefore, an overhead view and strategy is needed to help realise the total savings available on the entire mine-cooling and ventilation system. An overview and foundation is given of all the systems forming part of the mine ventilation and cooling system as well as the available energy and cost saving projects on each system. Every project on each system was then evaluated against their yearly monetary saving, potential risks and other factors. From this the optimal combination of projects was determined from the interaction between the projects and systems. Using the optimal combination and three important indicators, an implementation sequence was then developed. The resultant sequence ensures that all savings throughout the entire mine-cooling and ventilation system is attained. Implementing this sequenced combination of cooperative projects on a typical mine resulted in substantial annual savings. This was due to substantial reductions in the ventilation and cooling electricity bill.","PeriodicalId":149169,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126104734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

A holistic approach to presenting DSM project results 呈现需求侧管理项目成果的整体方法

2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy Pub Date : 2014-09-22 DOI: 10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904163

W. Booysen, J. V. van Rensburg, M. Kleingeld

{"title":"A holistic approach to presenting DSM project results","authors":"W. Booysen, J. V. van Rensburg, M. Kleingeld","doi":"10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE.2014.6904163","url":null,"abstract":"A slight variance in dataset quality or baseline model accuracy can affect the level of confidence at which DSM project results are calculated. General measurement and verification (M&V) guidelines mitigate this inherent variance by reporting a conservative result. However, it remains important to quantify the magnitude of variance to ensure that the conservative approach does not adversely affect any of the stakeholders involved. A critical analysis of published literature relating to the M&V of DSM projects highlights a strong tendency towards presenting project impact at a high level of accuracy. Published results are generally presented without interpretation and therefore do not objectively convey the true nature of system performance. The analysis also identified a lack of long-term evaluation techniques which can be applied to continuously monitor project performance. This prompts the development of a holistic approach to presenting DSM project results. This paper utilises graphical presentation to clearly convey project performance characteristics. The methodologies presented in the paper are applied to several industrial DSM case studies in order to verify the practical application in real life scenarios. The results highlight previously unknown characteristics which can significantly influence how stakeholders perceive project success. The results are further validated by comparing case study results to results obtained from independent 3rd parties.","PeriodicalId":149169,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on the Eleventh industrial and Commercial Use of Energy","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125127698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1