Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research最新文献

{"title":"The salutary action of vitamin E on reproductive performance and renal functions in cadmium-exposed male mice.","authors":"Mahabub Alam, Afrina Mustari, Samia Rashid, Shaima Alam Shimu, Tazmim Akter, Airin Akter, Mohammad Alam Miah, Emdadul Hauqe Chowdhury","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k857","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The research is based on the assessment of the beneficial role of vitamin E (vit-E) supplementation on the reproductive and renal functions in Cadmium (Cd)-exposed male mice.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>Mice (<i>n</i> = 15 in each group) were kept untreated (Group A) or fed with cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) (3.5 mg/kg, Group B) per day or both CdCl₂ (3.5 mg/kg) with vit-E supplementation (200 mg/kg, Group C) daily for 60 days. Mice were euthanized, blood samples were collected, and serum was prepared for biochemical and hormonal analysis. Sperm motility, sperm concentration, testis weight, and diameter were taken. Tissues from the kidneys and testicles were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histotexture study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cd treatment reduced the serum thyroxine (T₄) and testosterone levels, but vit-E supplementation increased both T₄ and testosterone levels in the Cd-treated mice. Cd treatment decreased sperm motility and concentration, testicular weight, and diameter, and induced degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules, which significantly improved upon vit-E supplementation. Increased serum urea, uric acid, and creatinine concentrations, along with cellular infiltration in the renal tubular epithelium and glomerular hyperplasia, were found in the Cd-treated mice, which were not found in the vit-E-supplemented mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study points to the harmful consequences of Cd on reproductive performance and renal functions that could potentially be mitigated upon vit-E supplementation in the diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"1057-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11855441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phthalate plasticizer affects blood electrolytes, hormones, and reproductive parameters of black Bengal goats.","authors":"Sajibul Hasan, Afrina Mustari, Kazi Rafiq, Mohammad Alam Miah","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k856","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study looked at how electrolytes, hormones, and postpartum reproductive physiology were affected in black Bengal goats (BBGs) when they were fed a phthalate mixture (PHA).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty clinically healthy BBGs, 1-2 months pregnant, aged 6-8 months with a body weight of 10-12 kg, were chosen and randomly allocated to two experimental groups (<i>n =</i> 10 each). The BBGs of the treatment group (<i>n =</i> 10) were administered a standard ration containing a mixture of Diethyl Phthalate, Dibutyl Phthalate, Di-isobutyl Phthalate, and Dipropyl Phthalate phthalate. The non-treated control group (<i>n =</i> 10) received the goat ration without any phthalates up to parturition. Blood samples were taken from experimental pregnant goats just before parturition to analyze serum hormone and electrolyte levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of sodium, chloride, and calcium were reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in PHA-exposed goats than in the non-exposed control group. No significant difference was observed in potassium and phosphorus levels between the two groups. PHA-exposed goats showed significantly decreased levels of estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and thyroxin compared to control goats (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Postpartum reproductive traits, such as gestation length, postpartum heat period, abortion rate, and retained placenta, were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) prolonged in BBG that had been exposed to PHA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PHA plasticizer exposure during pregnancy affects the electrolytes, hormones, and postpartum reproductive physiology of BBGs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"1051-1056"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11855435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of niclosamide and ivermectin suspension preparations in sheep parasitoses.","authors":"Victor A Marchenko, Yury A Vasilenko, Ivan V Biryukov, Marat S Khalikov, Salavat S Khalikov, Alireza Sazmand","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k863","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the efficiency of newly formulated drugs based on mechanochemical modification of two widely used anthelmintic substances in suspension formulations against the main classes of helminths and parasitic arthropods.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Solid-phase co-grinding of two substances, i.e., ivermectin (IM) and niclosamide (NS), with licorice extract and sodium succinate was performed in liquid-phase processing to obtain suspension formulations. Drug preparations were administered to the sheep of the experimental groups (5 experimental groups of 8 heads) with different concentrations of active substances, i.e., 3.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg of body weight (BW) NS and 0.2-mg/kg BW IM. Aqueous suspensions of the original substances in dosages of 0.2-mg/kg BW IM, 10.0-mg/kg NS, and placebo were included as controls. Efficacy of the formulations against gastrointestinal strongyles, <i>Trichuris</i> spp., <i>Moniezia</i> spp., and nasal bot larvae (<i>Oestrus ovis</i>) was assessed in naturally infected sheep by the number of surviving adult parasites post-treatment in the gastrointestinal tract, nasal passages, and sinuses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Formulated suspensions showed an increased solubility of 5.5-13.1 times compared to the original substances. Treatment of sheep with the SusIN-10 drug containing 0.2-mg/kg BW IM and 10.0-mg/kg NS showed 100% efficiency against gastrointestinal strongyles, <i>Moniezia,</i> and nasal bot larvae. Formulations containing 0.2-mg/kg BW IM and 3.0- and 0.5-mg/kg NS could eliminate all of the <i>Trichuris</i> worms. Administration of original substances of IM and NS with recommended dosages did not result in the adult parasites' complete elimination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Modification of the anthelmintic substances through mechanochemical methods made it possible to create formulations with a targeted spectrum of action, significantly higher water solubility, and optimal parasiticidal activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"1122-1129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11855420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of PRRSV and PCV2 seroprevalence and antigen prevalence in minipigs at laboratory-animal production facilities.","authors":"Yoon Beom Lee, Ji Woon Kim, Woori Jo, Tae-Ku Kang, MinKyoung Sung, KilSoo Kim, Na-Hye Park, Gwang-Hoon Lee","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k852","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pigs are used in various biomedical research fields because of their anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. While farm pigs are raised outdoors for several months, minipigs are typically raised in indoor barrier facilities for several years. Although numerous studies have investigated the prevalence of major pathogens, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), in farm pigs, similar studies targeting minipigs are lacking.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We imported 57 minipigs to our institution from three experimental animal production facilities and immediately assessed the serological and antigenic prevalence of PRRSV and PCV2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PRRSV and PCV2 had seroprevalences of 80.7% and 94.7%, respectively, with 0% antigen positivity rates for PRRSV types 1 and 2 and high-pathogenic PRRSV and PCV2.Two factors could account for the high seroprevalence rates: the majority of individuals may have been vaccinated despite official claims from the origin facilities or exposed to PRRSV and PCV2. Preventing microbial infections is crucial for obtaining accurate and reproducible results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As the first investigation of microbial prevalence in minipigs, our findings indicate that minipigs raised in barrier facilities are not necessarily free from vaccines or infections. These results will significantly enhance the credibility of future biomedical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"1017-1022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11855414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of using nitrogen distribution of milk to identify adulterated and reconstituted market milk.","authors":"Md Mehedi Hasan Khandakar, Md Nasir Sarker, Md Rezwanul Habib, Md Sadakatul Bari, Rawnak Jahan, Md Nurul Islam, Md Abid Hasan Sarker, Md Abunaser, Mohammad Ashiqul Islam","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k853","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the viability of nitrogen distribution in milk to detect adulteration in market milk.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Raw cow milk was obtained from the dairy farm at Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm (BAUDF). Fluid market milk, nonbranded bulk powdered milk, and local brand powdered milk were bought from the Mymensingh city area. The milk samples were T1 (milk from a known source-BAUDF, control group), T2 (reconstituted nonbranded bulk powdered milk), T3 (reconstituted local brand powdered milk), T4 (fluid market milk from Goala), T5 (mixture of 75% T1 and 25% T2), and T6 (mixture of 50% T1 and 50% T2). There were four replications in each variable, and the samples were tested for their physicochemical properties (specific gravity and acidity), gross composition (total solids, ash, milk fat, lactose, and total protein), and nitrogen distribution [casein nitrogen, noncasein nitrogen (NCN), and nonprotein nitrogen (NPN)].</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05) among the milk samples about their physicochemical properties and gross composition. The T2 and T6 samples imparted lower protein content (<i>p <</i> 0.05). Much lower (<i>p <</i> 0.05) casein content was found in T2 and T6 than in T1. The NCN content among the samples also differed significantly (<i>p <</i> 0.05). All groups showed similar NPN values (<i>p ></i> 0.05) but the T1 (<i>p <</i> 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results from this study show the potential of the nitrogen distribution of milk to detect adulterated and reconstituted market milk; however, a hefty dataset is required before being adopted at the field level.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"1023-1029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11855442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of ash filtrate as an alternative to chemical disinfectant and its antimicrobial efficacy.","authors":"Khairun Nahar Shithi, Ananna Saha, Md Nurul Haque, Ismail Hossain, Mohammed Nooruzzaman, Jahan Ara Begum, Rokshana Parvin, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k851","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to prepare the ash filtrate (AF) from household ashes using an in-house-designed handmade filtration system and to observe the antimicrobial efficacy and sanitizing effects.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Household ashes from various plant sources were collected, and AF was prepared through a handmade filtration system after adding water. The pH of stock AF was measured, and 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% AF solutions were prepared by adding distilled water in appropriate proportions to obtain a wide range of pH values. The antimicrobial efficacy of AF against <i>Salmonella</i> spp. <i>in vitro</i>, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H₉N₂ <i>in ovo</i> were analyzed. Contaminated eggs were individually sprayed or dipped with AF to detect the bacterial load on the eggshell surface. Further experimental use of AF as an egg sanitizer in routine biosecurity operations in broiler sheds was also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prepared AF showed high alkalinity; pH varied from 10.7 to 8.20 and contained a higher amount of K, Na, and Cl. The alkaline AF and its dilution gradually inhibited Salmonella growth and showed gradual pH-dependent antibacterial efficacy. Similarly, AF and its dilution showed a gradual decrease in viral titer against the LPAIV (H9N2); however, antiviral activity against the velogenic strain of NDV was quite steady. Applying AF as an egg sanitizer also reduced the bacterial loads significantly on the eggshell surface compared to untreated eggs. Moreover, AF having pH 10.5 experimentally used in routine sanitization practices of a boiler shed resulted in low bird mortality (10/210), higher body weight gain, and a low feed conversion ratio compared to the untreated control flock.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The higher alkalinity of the AF is responsible for the antimicrobial activity of commercial disinfectants. Consequently, we can use AF as a low-cost, effective, natural antimicrobial agent to replace chemical disinfectants.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"1007-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11855415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary piperine on growth, hemolymph chemistry, body composition, antioxidant state, immune response, and resistance against <i>Vibrio parahemolyticus</i> in whiteleg shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>).","authors":"Najah M Albaqami","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k850","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the effects of dietary piperine (PIP) supplementation on feed efficiency, growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, hemolymph biochemistry, antioxidant and immune responses, and disease resistance in whiteleg shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) challenged with <i>Vibrio parahemolyticus</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 320 shrimps (4.38 gm ± 0.2 gm) were randomly distributed into four treatments and fed a basal diet or supplemented with 0, 0.5 (PIP0.5), 1 (PIP1.0), and 2 (PIP2) gm/kg of diet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dietary inclusion of PIP significantly improved growth performance, blood proteins, and efficiency, resulting in the best results in the PIP2 group. Diets containing PIP led to significant improvements in crude protein and lipid content while also significantly reducing moisture content in a quadratic-dependent manner (<i>p</i> < 0.05).Shrimp in the PIP1 and PIP2 groups exhibited higher total protein and albumin levels compared to the free-PIP and PIP0.5 groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Shrimp-fed PIP-enriched diets showed lower lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein) and liver enzymes (gamma-glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase) in a quadratic trend (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared to the control diet. Shrimp-fed diets containing PIPs exhibited a significant quadratic increase in digestive enzyme activity compared to those without PIPs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The inclusion of PIP in the diet significantly enhanced antioxidant enzymes and reduced malondialdehyde levels, as well as the inflammatory response (Interleukin 4, Interferon-gamma, and LYZ) in shrimp.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that dietary PIP supplementation holds promise as a feed additive for enhancing growth, immunity, and disease resistance in whiteleg shrimp.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"996-1006"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11855433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> ruminal fermentation, methane emissions, and nutritional value of different tropical feedstuffs for ruminants.","authors":"Muhammad Khairul Bashar, Eva Haese, Nasrin Sultana, Markus Rodehutscord","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k842","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research aimed to evaluate <i>in vitro</i> ruminal fermentation, methane (CH₄) emissions, and the relationship between the nutritional content and CH₄ emissions of tropical feedstuffs to formulate low CH₄-emitting feeds for ruminants.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighteen feedstuffs, including roughages (3 crop residues, 2 silages, 3 common grasses, and 4 leguminous fodder) and 6 concentrates, were evaluated using the Hohenheim Gas Test. Approximately 200 mg of feed were incubated with a rumen fluid-buffer solution for 72 h to test gas production (GP) and 120 mg for 24 h to determine the CH₄ concentration in the gas. Digestibility of organic matter (dOM) and metabolizable energy (ME) were calculated using GP data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Leguminous fodder contained the highest crude protein (CP) concentration (166-314 gm/kg dry matter (DM)), followed by common grasses (52-147 gm/kg DM) and silages (94-106 gm/kg DM), but the lowest concentration of detergent fiber fractions. Crushed wheat and maize had higher dOM and ME (87.8% and 90.9%, and 14.4 MJ/kg DM and 13.8 MJ/kg DM, respectively), and their CH₄ concentration (% of GP) and CH₄ emissions (L CH₄/kg dOM) followed a similar trend as the other feedstuffs. The dOM and ME of German grass and Ipil-ipil were higher, whereas the CH₄ concentration and CH₄ emissions were lower compared to crop residues and other common grasses. The CH₄ emissions originating from the feedstuffs were positively correlated with the concentration of neutral detergent fiber and GP and negatively correlated with CP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our result provides an opportunity to select feed ingredients with higher digestibility and concurrently less CH₄ emissions in formulating diets for ruminants when using commonly available feed resources in many tropical countries. This may enhance animal productive performances while reducing the impact of animal production on the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"924-935"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11855440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New record of parasitic protozoan and helminths in buffaloes from Paraguay.","authors":"Griselda Meza Ocampos, Jorge Miret Riquelme","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k846","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, abundance, and identification of genera of gastrointestinal parasites in buffaloes belonging to an establishment in Villa Oliva, Ñeembucú Department, Paraguay.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 117 buffaloes were included in the study and divided into three groups of 39 (n = 39) animals-Group 1: = <12 months (G1); Group 2: = <36 months (G2); and Group 3: >37 months (G3). All samples were tested using the saturated salt flotation. Eggs and oocyte counts were determined using McMaster's method. Recuperation of larvae 3 was carried out after coproculture using the Baerman technique. Identification was based on morphological identification keys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The presence of eggs and/or oocysts of parasites belonging to Cestoda, Protozoa, and Nematoda was noted. The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) was 36.75%. The highest abundance was observed in G1. After coproculture <i>Moniezia expanza</i>, <i>Eimeria</i> spp., and <i>Haemonchus</i> spp.; <i>Teladorsagia</i> spp./<i>Ostertagia</i> spp. were also identified. It is also observed that the incidence of nematode parasite infestation in female buffalo is high compared to males; however, in terms of microparasites, it is the opposite. According to our results, as buffalo age increased, parasite loads decreased considerably.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Those results may link factors between hosts and the environment with the ability to maintain gastrointestinal infestation at levels that do not compromise health and body conditions. This study presented results of the prevalence, abundance, and identification of GINs from buffalos of Paraguay for the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"961-966"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11855426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective study of zoonotic tuberculosis among livestock farmers of Lahore district using one health approach.","authors":"Rubab Maqsood, Abdul Rehman, Farhat Nazir Awan, Hamad Bin Rashid, Shakera Sadiq Gill, Chanda Jabeen, Gulshan Umbreen, Rafia Akram, Mamoona Chaudhry","doi":"10.5455/javar.2024.k847","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2024.k847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) affects humans and animals regardless of species type, causing huge economic losses and deaths worldwide. However, the mechanisms and risk factors of zoonotic transmission are not well known in Pakistan. The current study aimed to identify the potential risk factors associated with TB in farmers and their animals, particularly exposure to infected animals in Lahore District, Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study consisted of two components utilizing the concept of One Health. In the first component, a retrospective case-control study of human subjects (cases = 25, control = 25) was conducted from December 2021 to July 2022. In the second component, a cross-sectional analysis of the cattle owned by selected participants (TB cases and healthy controls) was completed in the Lahore district. A single intradermal tuberculin skin test was used to determine TB infection in cattle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25 TB cases and 25 healthy controls were enrolled. Males in cases were found (OR = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.0002-0.29, <i>p =</i> 0.014) less likely to get TB, cases older than 35 years (OR = 1.13 (95% CI: 1.05-1.24, <i>p =</i> 0.004), unmarried cases (OR = 32.20, 95% CI: 2.92-819.03, <i>p =</i> 0.014), being a smoker (OR = 21.87, 95% CI: 2.80-395.82, <i>p =</i> 0.011), and keeping animals inside the home (OR = 9.92, 95% CI: 1.29-134.61, <i>p =</i> 0.047) were identified as significant predictors of TB in humans in the final multivariable logistic regression. Out of 175 tested animals, 3/65 animals belonging to the cases and 1/110 animals belonging to the controls were found positive. The animals belonging to the TB cases were (OR = 7.76, 95% CI; 0.79-76.02) more likely to have a positive Single Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Test test. The prevalence of bTB in animals belonging to the cases was 4.6% (95% CI, 1.26-12.58) compared to 0.9% (95% CI, 0.04-4.67) in animals of the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified potential risk factors that could contribute to the complex web of TB transmission between humans and animals. Our findings could provide data to inform policy-making and intervention strategies to reduce TB's burden in both populations. Embracing a holistic One Health perspective is imperative to effectively combat this shared health threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"11 4","pages":"967-978"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11855439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}