Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research最新文献

{"title":"Status of antimicrobial resistance in food animals in Pakistan (2016-2020): A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Muhammad Javed Arshed, Muhammad Umair, Usman Talib, Muhammad Farooq Tahir, Muhammad Abubakar, Sami Ullah Khan Bahadur, Tahmeena Tahmeena, Riasat Wasee Ullah, Mashkoor Mohsin, Muhammad Athar Abbas, Qadeer Ahsan, Javaria Alam, Muhammad Usman Zaheer","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l930","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health issue, causing an estimated 1.27 million deaths in 2019. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the burden of AMR in food animals in Pakistan, identify resistant microbes, and highlight emerging trends in multidrug resistance (MDR). The major databases were searched for articles published between 2016 and 2020 on the prevalence of AMR in food animals in Pakistan. A random-effects model was employed to pool the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and non-Enterobacteriaceae pathogens. Among 1,145 studies, 35 met the inclusion criteria as evidence of AMR in food animals. <i>Escherichia coli</i> showed the highest resistance to ampicillin (59.5%), ciprofloxacin (49%), oxytetracycline (39%), and chloramphenicol (35%); <i>Salmonella</i> to ampicillin (78.4%), amoxicillin (53.9%), chloramphenicol (40%), tetracycline (39.3%), and ciprofloxacin (39%); <i>Staphylococci</i> to cefoxitin (53.8%) and penicillin (34.8%); and <i>Campylobacter</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i> to ciprofloxacin (50.4% and 83.3%, respectively). MDR was observed in <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> (12/12 studies), <i>Salmonella</i> (7/10), <i>Staphylococci</i> (3/8), <i>Campylobacter</i> (3/3), and <i>Klebsiella</i> (1/3), with extensive drug resistance in <i>E. coli</i> (3/12), <i>Salmonella</i> (4/10), <i>Campylobacter</i> (1/3), and <i>Klebsiella</i> (2/2). Enterobacteriaceae showed significant resistance to tetracyclines (pooled prevalence/PPr = 0.75) and aminopenicillins (PPr = 0.74), whereas non-Enterobacteriaceae showed resistance to cephalosporins (PPr = 0.67) and aminopenicillins (PPr = 0.59), both with substantial heterogeneity. This review shows the existence of bacteria resistant to commonly used antimicrobials in food animals, potentially a threat to both human and animal health. The findings suggest the continuous monitoring of AMR and antimicrobial use (AMU) and the regulation of AMU in the food and agriculture sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"668-679"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chloride content in goat milk as a diagnostic marker for subclinical mastitis.","authors":"Nadiia Zazharska","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l922","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of the research was to assess possible diagnostic parameters related to subclinical mastitis in goats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Individual samples of milk from goats were separated into three groups based on the chloride concentration: group I < 70 mmol/l; II group 70-85 mmol/l; III group > 85 mmol/l. The composition of milk was studied, and smears were also made.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When the chloride content in goat milk exceeds 85 mmol/l, the somatic cell count increases by 3.2-5.7 times in relation to milk with a chloride content below 70 mmol/l, depending on the research method used. In the second group, the indicators exceed those of the first group by 2.1-3.8 times. Compared to the second and third groups, the indicator of electrical conductivity in goats of the first group was lower by 13.1% and 31.3%, respectively. Milk from healthy goats, characterized by a chloride content of less than 70 mmol/l, shows a chlorosugar number averaging 5 (ranging from 4.1 to 5.9). In cases where chloride levels in milk exceed 85 mmol/l, the average indicator of the chlorosugar number is 7.2 (from 6.5 to 7.9). If the content of chlorides is > 85 mmol/l, a positive result of the settling test with goat's milk is noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A set of indicators such as chloride content > 85 mmol/l, the number of somatic cells >2 million/ml, chlorosugar number ≥ 7, along with confirmed results in the settling and mastidine tests-can be used as a diagnostic criterion for subclinical mastitis in goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"582-588"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of wild desert plant extracts for the <i>in vitro</i> control of gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle.","authors":"Raquel Olivas-Salazar, Ana Verónica Charles-Rodríguez, Fidel Maximiano Peña Ramos, Joel Ventura-Ríos, Fernando Ruiz Zárate, Roberto González Garduño","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l917","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of plant extracts from desert species on egg-hatching inhibition (EHI) and larval mortality of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) in cattle under <i>in vitro</i> conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Hydro-alcoholic extracts of tasajillo [<i>Cylindropuntia leptocaulis</i> (DC) F.M. Kunth], coyonoxtle [<i>Cylindropuntia imbricata</i> (Haw) F.M. Kunth], mariola (<i>Parthenium incanum</i> Kunth), and mesquite [<i>Neltuma juliflora</i> (Sw.) Raf.] were tested. GIN eggs and infective larvae were exposed to the plant extracts in decreasing doses, and the median lethal dose₅₀ (LD₅₀) and maximum lethal dose₉₉ (LD₉₉) were calculated using the SAS PROBIT procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>C</i>. <i>imbricata</i> extract demonstrated the highest EHI at a small LD₅₀ (2.31 mg/ml) and achieved 100% larval mortality at a 5.8 mg/ml concentration. The <i>P</i>. <i>incanum</i> extract showed the highest larval mortality at the LD₉₉ (6.50 mg/ml), although <i>N</i>. <i>juliflora</i> had the lowest LD₅₀. However, the <i>N</i>. <i>juliflora</i> pod extract was the least effective overall. These findings indicate that <i>C. imbricata</i> was the most effective extract for inhibiting egg hatching, while <i>P. incanum</i> was the most effective for promoting larval mortality under <i>in vitro</i> conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The small doses used against eggs and larvae of nematode parasites suggest that wild desert plants could provide a viable and ecological alternative for the <i>in vitro</i> control of GINs in cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"529-538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrences, distributions, and bioactive compounds of marine seaweeds in the southeast coasts of Bangladesh.","authors":"Sabbir Chowdhury, Latifa Akter, Humayon Kabir, Junayetul Islam, Morsheda Nasrin, Ummay Ayman, Abul Kalam, Ziaul Haque","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l919","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study was conducted to assess the seasonal and geographical distributions, proximate compositions, and secondary metabolites of some of the commercially important seaweed species in the southeast coasts of Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A temporal survey was conducted to know the seasonal and monthly distribution of seaweeds in different areas of the southeast coasts in Bangladesh. The representative samples were collected for proximate analysis and phytochemical screening by high-performance liquid chromatography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that Saint Martin's Island was the hotspot for the seaweeds in Bangladesh but sporadically distributed in the different areas of Cox's Bazar district. <i>Enteromorpha intestinalis</i> and <i>Hypnea musciformis</i> were found from October to April, while the rest of the seaweed species were mostly observed during the winter season. The highest crude protein with the lowest crude fiber was found in <i>Gracilaria tenuistipitata,</i> but the highest ash content was recorded in <i>E</i>. <i>intestinalis</i>. However, the highest level of tannin and saponin was found in <i>Asparagopsis tax-iformis</i>, whereas the lowest was in <i>Sargassum flavicans</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The occurrences and distributions of seaweeds vary depending on the species in the southeast coastal areas of Bangladesh, where Saint Martin's Island is the largest reservoir. Most of the marine seaweeds found in the coastal areas of Bangladesh are rich in nutritive and bioactive compounds, which can be used as an alternative source of animal feed/feed additives for climate-smart livestock production.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"549-557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial community of civet excreta fed by robusta cherry coffee in Indonesian civet coffee production.","authors":"Sri Winarsih, Uswatun Hasanah, Lilis Nuraida, Nuri Andarwulan, Wisnu Ananta Kusuma","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l921","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Kopi luwak (civet coffee) is produced through a fermentation process in the digestive system of civets. This study aims to investigate the diversity of microorganisms in Indonesian civet excreta fed with robusta coffee cherries.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Six excreta samples were collected from male and female Indonesian civets of three species: binturong (<i>Arctictis binturong</i>), Asian palm civet (<i>Paradoxurus hermaphroditus)</i>, and masked palm civet (<i>Paguma larvata).</i> Microbial diversity was analyzed using next-generation sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on alpha and beta diversity analysis, the microbial community in civet excreta differs. Microbes found in the excreta of male <i>P. hermaphroditus</i> (PH-M) were the most diverse. Microbes were identified in the bacterial and yeast domains. The relative abundance of bacteria was higher than yeast. The occurrence of non-pathogenic bacteria (50.76%-90.51%) was higher than pathogens (9.49%-41.24%). The dominant bacteria in the excreta of all civets were <i>Escherichia coli</i> (15.98%-54.68%). Although not dominant microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast are present in civet excreta. The LAB present in the range from 0.16% to 32.14%, with the most abundant LAB being <i>Streptococcus pasteurianus</i>, <i>Weissella confusa</i>, and <i>W</i>. <i>cibaria.</i> Meanwhile, the identified yeasts were <i>Hanseniaspora opuntiae</i> and <i>H</i>. <i>uvarum</i>. Pathogenic bacteria, both spore-forming and non-spore-forming, were also present in civet excreta. The virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance gene cluster were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The microbial diversity of Indonesian civet excreta is influenced by species and sex. PH-M contains the most diverse microbes. The presence of foodborne pathogens in civet excreta may be carried over into the beans, and hence, further processing of the beans should assure the safety of the beans.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"565-581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and molecular phylogeny of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolated from respiratory-diseased pet cats in Iraq.","authors":"Ahlam A S Al-Galebi, Mithal K A Al-Hassani, Hadaf Mahdi Kadhim, Hasanain A J Gharban","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l926","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Investigation of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in respiratory-diseased pet cats, estimation of antibiotic sensitivity, and molecular phylogeny of local <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> to identify its identity to global isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Totally, 127 feline cases with various respiratory signs were selected for the collection of the nasal swabs that were cultured to isolate <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> and detect the antibiotic sensitivity. Further molecular phylogeny of positive <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> isolates was done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings of culture media and biochemical tests showed that 26.77% of nasal swabs were positive samples for <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i>. The screening for the antibiotic susceptibility reported a higher sensitivity to ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, cefepime, amikacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, and meropenem, as well as ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline, imipenem, as well as clotrimazole and tetracycline. In contrast, the more significant resistant <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> isolates were detected to clarithromycin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, cefixime, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, cephalexin, cefadroxil, azithromycin, and nalidixic acid, whereas, significant semi-sensitivity was shown to tylosin. Molecular testing by polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that all isolates were <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i>. The genetics-based analysis of local <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> isolates recorded an overall similarity (95.47%-100%) and changes/mutations (0.0004%-0.0084%), in particular to the National Center for Biotechnology Information-Iraqi isolate (Lc732203.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates the high prevalence of <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> in respiratory-diseased cats with significant appearance of antibiotic resistance in study isolates. Sequencing data referred to the close related association of study isolates to human <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> isolates, suggesting the increased prevalence of nosocomial infections in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"621-628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of stakeholders in reporting African swine fever cases in Abuyog, Leyte, Philippines.","authors":"Valine A Cabodil, Harvie P Portugaliza","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l927","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of key stake-holders regarding African swine fever (ASF) and its reporting in Abuyog, Leyte, Philippines. It also aimed to identify sociodemographic factors associated with KAP levels.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was performed on 392 respondents, including pig farmers (<i>n</i> = 333), butchers (<i>n</i> = 38), live pig/meat sellers (<i>n</i> = 11), and Local Government Unit personnel (<i>n</i> = 10) between November 2023 and February 2024. KAP scores were calculated and categorized into \"poor\" and \"good\" using a median cutoff. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between sociodemographic variables and KAP levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants showed poor knowledge of ASF causative agents, transmission, and clinical signs (83.93%) and disease recognition (60.20%), but many have good knowledge of ASF reporting protocols (70.92%). Attending ASF seminars/training was associated with improved basic ASF knowledge, disease recognition, and case reporting. Basic knowledge of ASF could enhance disease recognition. Disease recognition could then enhance ASF case reporting. Younger stakeholders showed better knowledge of basic ASF concepts. Pig farmers exhibited poor knowledge of disease recognition. Most participants showed good attitudes toward ASF reporting (97.7%), which was associated with overall knowledge of ASF. Most participants showed good practices in the early steps of case reporting (85.20%), relatively balanced on reporting protocol (49.23%), and relatively poor knowledge-seeking behavior (45.41%). Pig farmers were less likely to report than other stakeholders. Good overall knowledge translates into good practices. Overall practices are influenced by the primary source of income.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings reveal a notable gap in knowledge concerning ASF among participants, highlighting an essential need for enhanced educational initiatives. Strengthening basic ASF knowledge is vital, as it positively impacts disease recognition and, in turn, case reporting. Although there is a generally positive attitude toward ASF reporting, the lack of knowledge-seeking behavior and the variability in reporting practices based on income sources suggest a need for tailored educational programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"629-646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic profiles of the silage digested in ruminal fermentation differentiated by various solvent extraction.","authors":"Ayu Septi Anggraeni, Anuraga Jayanegara, Anjar Windarsih, Suratno, Ahmad Sofyan, Erika Budiarti Laconi, Nur Rochmah Kumalasari","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l923","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine the solvent conditions suitable for preparing samples of total mixed ration (TMR) silage and ruminal fluid, with or without chitosan inclusion, to achieve more sensitive, specific, and repeatable analyses.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The metabolome contained in the sample was determined using a ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry quadrupole using samples in the form of TMR silage (silage with 0.5% inclusion of chitosan, silage without chitosan addition) and rumen fluid (rumen fluid containing 0.5% chitosan, ruminal fluid without chitosan) with and without the addition of chitosan, as well as three different solvent ratios: 50% water MS grade: 50% methanol (MeOH) MS grade (1), 20% water MS grade: 80% MeOH MS grade (2), and 0% water MS grade: 100% MeOH MS grade (3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TMR silage samples contained 311 metabolites, amino acid compounds predominating, followed by fatty acids and amines. Fatty acids, organic phosphate, and amines dominated the 39 metabolites found in rumen fluid samples. In the TMR silages, 100% MeOH seemed to be able to distinguish samples more effectively than other solvents; moreover, cinnamic acid, D-(+)-proline, and L(+)-ornithine were the three highest variable importance for projection values among prospective metabolite markers for silage samples. Whereas the use of a 50% MeOH to 50% water solvent ratio achieved the best discrimination results in rumen fluid samples, the three highest variable importance for projection values among prospective metabolite markers for ruminal fluid samples were triethyl phosphate, dibenzylamine, and phosphoric acid.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>100% MeOH is able to distinguish TMR silage, while 50% MeOH to 50% water is best for ruminal fluid samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"589-600"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of Sumbawa fermented mare's milk powder with gum arabic [<i>Acacia senegal</i> (L.) Willd] microencapsulant as a modified traditional healthy food.","authors":"Arif Hendra Utama, Khothibul Umam Al Awwaly, Lilik Eka Radiati","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l925","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study is to investigate the concept of gum arabic (<i>Acacia senegal</i> (L.) Willd.) as microencapsulation for traditional healthy food modified with the concept of powder drying with that derived from fermented Sumbawa mare's milk with the concept of improving the integrity of healthy processed food products.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The use of gum arabic (<i>Acacia senegal</i> (L.) Willd.) as a microencapsulant of Sumbawa mare's milk powder with treatments (T1: 20%, T2: 24%, T3: 28%, and T4: 32%). Fermented Sumbawa mare's milk samples were dried using the oven vacuum foam drying method with gum arabic binder at 70°C for 420 min. Evaluation of product test results by analyzing antibacterial, antioxidant, <i>Escherichia coli</i> concentration, protein content, and microstructure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the treatment of the results of the research, it has been significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01) that Sumbawa mare's milk powder with the use of gum arabic as a microencapsulant known antibacterial test (<i>Lactobacillus casei</i> ATCC 393:4.56 mm, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ATCC 6633:7.36 mm, <i>E. coli</i> ATCC 25922:12.25 mm, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> ATCC 15442:12.2 mm), as well as an antioxidant test, which has a value of (46.13 ± 0.73c), microstructure, and protein content using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis, which is reinforced with health pharmaceutical information with literature studies. The <i>E. coli</i> test (food quality test) had a value of 0 CFU/gm, with the results shown in treatment T4 (32%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of gum Arabic as a natural additive microencapsulant can be promising in the production of Sumbawa mare's milk powder. The results obtained have a significant effect on increasing protection and reducing the risk of unwanted pathogenic microbacterial contamination, can reduce antioxidant levels, and provide knowledge for the general public in improving the quality and healthy nutrition of traditional foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"610-620"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic signal in the wing cells of <i>Lutzia mosquitoes</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand: An outline-based geometric morphometric approach.","authors":"Tanawat Chaiphongpachara, Tanasak Changbunjong, Sedthapong Laojun","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l916","DOIUrl":"10.5455/javar.2025.l916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have identified wing cells, a substructure of the wing, as carrying taxonomic signals across various mosquito genera. However, the presence of a taxonomic signal in the wing cells of the genus <i>Lutzia</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) has not yet been confirmed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the outline-based geometric morphometric (GM) approach in distinguishing <i>Lutzia</i> species found in Thailand, namely <i>Lutzia chiangmaiensis</i>, <i>Lutzia fuscana</i>, <i>Lutzia halifaxii,</i> and <i>Lutzia vorax</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The outline-based geometric morphometrics was employed to analyze four wing elements: the wing contour, the second submarginal cell, the first posterior cell, and the third posterior cell.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the size analysis, <i>Lt</i>. <i>vorax</i> consistently exhibited significantly larger wing elements compared to the other species (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The factor maps based on discriminant analysis for the wing elements among the species indicated that most groups overlapped in morphospace. However, for the third posterior cell, the <i>Lt</i>. <i>vorax</i> group presented a more distinct shape. While shape analysis detected significant differences between almost all species pairs (<i>p</i> < 0.05), there was an exception between <i>Lt</i>. <i>halifaxii</i> and <i>Lt</i>. <i>chiangmaiensis</i> in the first posterior cell (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Additionally, shape analysis further indicated that the third posterior cell achieved the highest percentage of correct classifications, with an adjusted total assignment accuracy of 71%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This finding reveals a significant taxonomic signal in the third posterior cell, suggesting that the outline-based GM approach can effectively complement the landmark-based GM approach in distinguishing <i>Lutzia</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"516-528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}