Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of replacing concentrates with cassava products on feed intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation in Thai native cattle.","authors":"Sophany Morm, Areerat Lunpha, Ruangyote Pilajun, Anusorn Cherdthong","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study investigated the effect of replacing concentrate with dried cassava tops and fermented cassava pulp (CtFCp) on feed efficiency, nutrient intake, and rumen fermentation in Thai native cattle.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A completely randomized design with three dietary treatments was conducted with female Thai native cattle, initially weighing approximately 97 kg. The dietary treatments consisted of 100% concentrate (Control), 67% concentrate mixed with 33% dried CtFCp-33, and 33% concentrate mixed with 67% dried CtFCp-67, all based on dry matter (DM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DM intake and digestibility were lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the CtFCp-67 treatment than in other treatments. In addition, crude protein digestibility increased (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in the CtFCp diets. At 4 h post-feeding, concentrations of acetate and propionate were significantly decreased in the CtFCp-67 treatment, while total volatile fatty acids and butyrate were also significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Estimated methane emissions were lower in CtFCp-67 than CtFCp-33 (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CtFCp can replace up to 33% of concentrate in Thai native cattle diets without affecting intake or digestibility. Further studies should assess the effects of lactating cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"1159-1167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of floor versus conventional elevated housing on the welfareand meat quality of rabbits.","authors":"José Manuel Robles-Robles, Adrián Muñoz-Cuautle, José Luis Ponce-Covarrubias, María Esther Ortega-Cerrilla, Fernando Utrera-Quintana, Ricardo Martínez-Martínez, Abel Villa-Mancera","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The housing system is a crucial determinant of animal welfare. This study aimed to compare the effects of intensive housing with those of alternative floor housing on the welfare of rabbits and their meat production.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighty New Zealand rabbits (40 females and 40 males) with an initial mean weight of 1.3 kg and aged 35 days were distributed into four treatment groups. Treatment 1 (T1) comprised five floor cages with four male rabbits in each cage; Treatment 2 (T2) comprised five floor cages, each containing four female rabbits; Treatment 3 (T3) consisted of five elevated cages housing four male rabbits each, and Treatment 4 (T4) consisted of five elevated cages housing four female rabbits each. Indicators of carcass quality, including moisture, protein, lipids, ash, pH, color (L*, a*, b*), physiological stress (plasma cortisol), oxidative stress (lipid oxidation TBARS), and number of antioxidants (FRAP) in the plasma and tissue, were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in pH was observed between the conventional cages and the floor cages, as well as in cortisol levels for the traditional and floor cages (<i>p</i> < 0.05), respectively. Additionally, lipid oxidation (TBARS) was not significantly different in plasma, but was significantly different in meat. The TBARS value was higher for floor cages and lower for conventional cages. The FRAP value was not significantly different between plasma and meat (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The findings demonstrate that the use of floor cages does not affect the nutritive value of rabbit meat.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The type of cage used affects rabbits' physiological stress levels and lipid oxidation in muscle tissue, which impacts meat quality. The nutritional value of meat remains unaffected, regardless of the cage type or sex of the rabbit. The floor cage environment enables the rabbits to engage in activities typical of their species, thereby contributing to the animals' welfare by improving driving skills, attitudes, and handler behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"1237-1242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of supplementation with rumen-protected methionine on growth, feed efficiency, blood parameters, and health of weaned Holstein growing calves.","authors":"Hamed Nikookalm, Farhad Foroudi, Naser Karimi, Ghobad Asgari, Kazem Karimi, Ali Afsar","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on growth performance, feed efficiency (FE), blood parameters, and health status in post-weaning calves. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: Forty weaned calves were randomly allocated to four groups: G1. No RPM supplementation (control); G2. RPM supplementation for 10 days post-weaning (days 75-85); G3. RPM supplementation for 20 days post-weaning (days 75-95); G4. RPM supplementation for 30 days post-weaning (days 75-105). Ethyl cellulose-coated D-L methionine was administered at 2 gm/day/calf. Growth performance, FE, serum biochemical parameters, complete blood count (CBC), and health indicators were investigated. <b>Results</b>: G4 showed the highest weight gain (1.01 kg/day) and FE (0.54), as well as the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.84) (<i>p <</i> 0.05). In contrast, G1 had the lowest weight gain (0.82 kg/day) and FE (0.51), along with the highest FCR (1.98) (<i>p <</i> 0.05). RPM supplementation significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels (<i>p <</i> 0.05) but had no significant effect on total protein, triglyceride, or cholesterol levels. Additionally, it increased RBC count and hemoglobin concentration (<i>p <</i> 0.05), while WBC counts, lymphocytes, and platelets remained unaffected. Moreover, RPM supplementation significantly improved overall health and reduced the incidence of diarrhea (<i>p <</i> 0.05). <b>Conclusion</b>: Dietary supplementation with RPM had a positive influence on growth performance, FE, blood parameters, and overall health in growing calves. A daily dose of 2 gm/day/calf is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"1192-1200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolactin gene diversity and its influence on milk yield traits in Ayrshiredairy cattle from Southern Russia.","authors":"Nadezhda Vasilievna Shirokova, Vladimir Khristoforovich Fiodorov, Ivan Fiodorovich Gorlov, Marina Ivanovna Slozhenkina, Elena Yurievna Anisimova, Natalia Ivanovna Mosolova","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this research was to discover single-nucleotide variations in the -prolactin <i>(PRL)</i> gene and to evaluate their correlation with milk production characteristics in Ayrshire cows reared in southern Russia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)samples were extracted from the blood of cows (<i>n</i> = 300) using a commercial kit. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was employed to identify and quantify genotypes and allele frequencies. Genetic indices were calculated, and statistical processing was performed. A general linear model was used to investigate the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms and milk productivity in cows.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The distribution of the AA, AB, and BB genotypes in the studied population was 90%, 0%, and 10%, respectively. The genetic equilibrium in the Ayrshire cow population was preserved (<i>χ</i>² = 0.2879). The results indicate the presence of allelic diversity in the prolactin gene in this -population. The milk yield per lactation in cows with the PRL_AA genotype was 7,378.50 kg, and for PRL_BB, it was 6,569.63 kg. Ayrshire cows with the PRL_BB genotype yielded less milk compared to their PRL_AA counterparts by 10.96% (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using the obtained results in the future selection of offspring with desirable PRL -genotypes at an earlier age could significantly increase the efficiency of breeding work in the studpulation and accelerate the process of creating a herd with higher productivity potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"1125-1131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative histopathology of climbing perch<i>, Anabas testudineus</i> challenged with <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> via IM and IP routes.","authors":"Md Ali Reza Faruk, Fatema Jahan, Maliha Farzana, K M Abdul Halim, Tamanna Tabassum, Tanvir Rahman, Salman Shahriar Nibir, Ishrat Zahan Anka","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The focal purpose of this investigation was to contrast the pathological changes from different histological observations of <i>Anabas testudineus</i> artificially infected with <i>Aeromonas veronii</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Intramuscular (IM) and intraperitoneal (IP) injection routes were used to challenge fish with three different bacterial concentrations, including 2.1 × 105, 2.1 × 105, and 2.1 × 104cfu ml^-1 of bacteria to investigate the effects of various loads of <i>A. veronii</i> on the histopathological alterations in the skin-muscle, liver, and intestine of <i>A. testudineus</i> during 13 days of post challenge test. Two replicates (<i>n</i> = 10) were used for each of the IM and IP groups, corresponding to the three aforementioned bacterial loads, in the challenge test for this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest bacterial challenge (2.1× 104 cfu ml^-1) groups from both IP and IM produced some prominent clinical signs, e.g., red spots, ulcers, and lesions on the body surface, and highest cumulative mortality (IP = 50% and IM = 40%) compared to the control groups having no pathological signs in all organs. Histopathological alterations observed under the light microscope revealed significant pathologies (e.g., vacuolation and necrosis) in all organs studied, particularly at the highest bacterial loads, compared to the other challenges and control groups. It suggests that varied bacterial loads can produce different types of pathology in various fish organs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Aeromonas veronii</i> can cause mortality and remarkable pathological changes in different organs of <i>A</i>. <i>testudineus.</i> Findings from experimental infections can be used as an effective tool to predict the virulence of pathogens and to develop advanced prevention and health management strategies in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"1275-1285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, hematological, biochemical characteristics, and food preferences of common teal (<i>Anas crecca</i>) during the wintering period in Punjab, Pakistan.","authors":"Shozab Seemab Khan, Tariq Javed, Muhammad Saleem Khan, Muhammad Wajid","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to investigate sexual dimorphism in common teal (<i>Anas crecca</i>) by comparing various morphological, hematological, and biochemical parameters between males and females.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>27 freshly captured wintering teals were collected from hunters holding valid shooting licenses and were subjected to hematological, biochemical, and food preference analysis following all relevant ethical guidelines for animal research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several morphological traits showed significant sexual dimorphism, including body length, wingspan, primary wing length, tail length, beak length, and head length, while body weight, tarsal and metatarsal lengths, and body circumference showed no significant differences. Hematological parameters such as red blood cells count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and red cell distribution width-standard deviation differed significantly between sexes. Biochemical analysis revealed notable differences in urea, protein, and albumin levels. No significant difference in dietary preferences was observed between males and females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Morphological differences between males and females were observed except for parameters such as body weight, tarsal length, metatarsal length, and body circumference. Dietary preference was non-significant between genders. These findings would contribute to a deeper understanding of sexual dimorphism in common teal and may inform future research on migratory behavior, habitat use, and conservation strategies tailored to sex-specific ecological needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"1132-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13068311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147673603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability and future outlook of the Philippine pig industry.","authors":"Md Sharifuzzaman, Hong-Seok Mun, Eddiemar B Lagua, Hae-Rang Park, Young-Hwa Kim, Md Kamrul Hasan, Jin-Gu Kang, Chul-Ju Yang","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Philippines relies significantly on swine-related enterprises for food security and economic stability. The sector has faced numerous restraints in recent years and remains considerably distant from reaching the production target for domestic consumption. This study aims to identify the key drivers of the nation's pork production in recent years, thereby enhancing our understanding of what is needed to make the industry sustainable in the future. A comprehensive review was conducted using keyword-based searches across major databases and official reports (2018-2023) to assess pig production, consumption, technology adoption, and sustainability in the Philippines. The extracted data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis in IBM SPSS Statistics 20 to examine the relationships among key production factors. Most of the existing problems identified through this review are somehow related to small-scale operation. Large-scale commercial farms have solutions to many of these issues, and a gradual expansion of their operations is recommended. We observed a powerful negative linear relationship between domestic pork production and pork importation (<i>r</i> = -0.949). Pork importation contributes to retail price hike (<i>r</i> = 0.948) and is negatively related to consumption (<i>r</i> = -0.815), indicating that increasing national production is mandatory for stabilizing the market. A rapid transition to commercial systems is not feasible, as many farmers would be left with no alternatives if the government were to cease support. Consistent guidance, support, and monitoring from the government and other responsible entities can help build awareness, establish cooperative farms, and achieve sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"1168-1191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The current scenario, challenges, and their possible mitigation practices for livestock production potentials in the Haor ecosystem of Bangladesh: A review.","authors":"Shubash Chandra Das, Mohammad Mahbubul, Jannatul Ferdows, Mohini Paul","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review paper provides comprehensive insights into the current livestock production potential in the Haor regions, the impact of climate change on livestock production, development strategies for the sector, challenges associated with climate-resilient livestock farming, and potential mitigation measures. The Haors of Bangladesh, situated in the greater Sylhet and Mymensingh districts, are vital components of the ecosystem, holding significant economic, ecological, and commercial importance. The unique features of these low-lying floodplains, including their resources and seasonal variations, foster diverse biodiversity and ecosystems, covering over 1.99 million hectares and home to approximately 19.37 million people. All authors independently gathered data from peer-reviewed articles, dissertations, theses, government agencies, and media reports using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from January 2023 to June 2025. Data were also collected through personal communication and consultation with livestock officers from the Department of Livestock Services serving in the Haor districts and relevant experts (<i>n</i> = 30). Climatic data were obtained from the Climate Information Management System of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council. Residents in Haor areas, particularly women and the elderly, are heavily engaged in livestock husbandry as a means of livelihood. The livestock sector is expected to meet nutritional requirements, generate employment, and provide national benefits through increased production of milk, meat, and eggs. This review paper is the first to synthesize, analyze, and interpret insights on the existing livestock production potential in Haor areas, along with challenges and possible mitigation strategies, culminating in some recommendations at the end of this paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"1379-1395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus using antigen capture ELISA and RT-PCR assay in cattle with respiratory and abortive issues in Morocco.","authors":"Hanane Khallouki, Fatiha El Mellouli, Hasnae Zekhnini, Safaa Sabri, Houria Abdelghaffar","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research assessed the prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) among cattle herds from five provinces in the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco (Benslimane, Settat, Berrechid, El Jadida, and Sidi Bennour), which experience respiratory and reproductive disorders. Antigen capture ELISA and real-time RT-PCR were utilized for the detection of BVDV.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From January 2021 to June 2025, 500 blood serum samples and 500 leukocyte samples from cattle with respiratory or abortive symptoms were collected and analyzed using an antigen capture ELISA assay and a real-time RT-PCR assay, respectively, for BVD antigens or genome sequence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 500 sampled cattle, 9 (1.8%) tested positive, with all 9 results being actively infected with BVDV confirmed via RT-PCR test. The positive results were found across four provinces; Benslimane had the highest proportion of positive cases (44.4%), while Settat and Berrechid each had 22.2% of the positives, and El Jadida had one (11.1%) case. No cases were found in Sidi Bennour.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents the first documented case of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus infection in Morocco, highlighting its potential for widespread circulation in the country. These results underscore the need for further studies to isolate and characterize circulating strains of BVDV, with the goal of developing effective prevention and control strategies to minimize their negative impacts on cattle health and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"1243-1249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> characterization of fiber-rich tropical feedstuffs for pig diets.","authors":"Quan Hai Nguyen, Phung Dinh Le, Ngoan Duc Le","doi":"10.5455/javar.2025.l995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to characterize the characteristics of fiber-rich feedstuffs using a three-step <i>in vitro</i> method.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A three-step <i>in vitro</i> digestibility simulation included step 1 and step 2, which were referred to as \"enzymatic hydrolysis\" and mimicked processes in the stomach, followed by an ileal digestibility assessment, whereas step 3 mimicked the hindgut fermentation using fecal inoculum. The fiber-rich feedstuffs used were banana stem (<i>Musa acuminata</i>) (Bas), brewery by-product (Brew), cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta</i>) leaf (CL) and root by-product, cabbage waste (<i>Brassica oleracea</i>) (Caw), sweet potato vines (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i>) (Swe), taro leaves and petioles (<i>Colocasia esculenta</i>) (Taro), tofu by-product (TF), and <i>Trichanthera gigantea</i> foliage (Tri).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tri and TF were marginally (10%) digested in the small intestine; for TF, this was largely compensated for by the level of the hindgut, resulting in the highest volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from TF as compared with any other fiber-rich feedstuff tested. Nevertheless, 55% of the crude protein (CP) of TF was digested in the small intestine, resulting in a modest accumulation of hindgut ammonia as compared with CP from Tri, which particularly seemed to be fermented in the hindgut. For the complete diets, the ileal digestible CP of the test diets was 7.8% to 18.5% lower than that of the control diet, except for the TF diet. Only diets including Bas and CL enhanced hindgut VFA production compared with the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fiber-rich feedstuffs differ widely in intestinal digestibility and hindgut fermentation. The three-step <i>in vitro</i> simulation results for the nine tested fiber-rich feedstuffs could provide valuable insights into assessing feeding values for pig production. Additionally, an interaction was observed between fiber source and dietary nutrients in complete diets, which impaired ileal CP digestibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":14892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"1354-1362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}