Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Association of Yield and Yield Components Among Selected Bread Wheat Genotypes Under Silicon Fertilisation and Drought Conditions","authors":"Marylyn M. Christian,&nbsp;Hussein Shimelis,&nbsp;Mark D. Laing,&nbsp;Toi J. Tsilo","doi":"10.1111/jac.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. (2<i>n =</i> 6<i>x</i> = 42; AABBDD)) is a commodity crop serving diverse value chains worldwide. However, drought stress and poor soil health are major causes of a yield gap in wheat production. Silicon (Si) fertiliser application with drought-adapted wheat cultivars may enhance wheat productivity. This study aimed to examine the impact of Si fertilisation on agronomic performance and trait associations in wheat under drought stress to identify selection criteria for improving drought tolerance and Si response. Twenty wheat genotypes were evaluated, involving two water regimes and two Si fertiliser formulations in three environments, using a factorial experiment laid out in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Both liquid and granular Si formulations enhanced the agronomic performance of wheat compared to the untreated control, under both drought-stressed (DS) and nonstressed (NS) conditions. Variable degrees of correlations were recorded under different water regimes and fertiliser formulations. Si fertilisation improved favourable trait correlations compared to the untreated control under DS and NS conditions. Grain yield had positive associations with hundred seed weight (HSW), under NS conditions when using liquid Si (<i>r</i> = 0.74, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and granular Si (<i>r</i> = 0.69, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Strong trait correlations were detected between productive tiller number (TN) and productive spike number (PS) for granular Si (<i>r</i> = 0.99, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), liquid Si (<i>r</i> = 1.00, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and the untreated control (<i>r</i> = 0.98, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), under DS conditions. With both granular and liquid Si applications under DS conditions, there were high trait correlations between spike length (SL) and TN (<i>r</i> = 0.72, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>r</i> = 0.63, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively), and PS (<i>r</i> = 0.73, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>r</i> = 0.62, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively). Under DS, HSW (0.84) and PS (0.64) had higher direct effects on grain yield with granular Si application, while TN and PS (0.94) had higher indirect effects on grain yield under liquid Si application. Under NS, aboveground biomass (0.68) had the highest direct effects on grain yield with granular Si compared to the liquid Si formulation and the untreated control. The genotypes MC10, MC6, MC1, MC3 and MC11, with granular Si application, were high yielders in descending order and are recommended for breeding and variety release in South Africa. The correlation and path coefficient analyses distinguished TN, PS and HSW as principal traits contributing to enhanced grain yield under drought stress, making them vital parameters for selecting Si use-efficient breeding lines.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotors Wind Wall Enabled Microclimate Engineering for Enhanced Rice Leaf Morphometrics Traits, Yield and Agronomic Performance","authors":"Imran,&nbsp;Liang Ke,&nbsp;Liu Dong,&nbsp;HuiFen Li,&nbsp;Jiyu Li","doi":"10.1111/jac.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An exploratory investigation into the effects of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) airflow on microclimate engineering in rice cultivation reveals novel insights, with a specific emphasis on wind temperature and velocity dynamics during critical growth stages. This research highlights diurnal fluctuations in wind temperature and speed during the critical rice growth stages (heading, panicle and flowering). ‘Results revealed that wind wall running or UAV flying in the morning (9:00 am) produces a stable temperature of 29.31°C (σ = 0.26017) supported pollination during the heading stage’. However, by noon, increased variability caused a slight temperature drop to 29.11°C (σ = 0.26749), raising the risk of heat stress. Afternoon temperatures remained steady at 29.18°C but exhibited the highest variability (σ = 0.27663), signalling potential microclimate disruptions that could reduce grain yield. ‘Wind-speeds followed a clear diurnal pattern, rising by 33.33% from morning (1.2 m s⁻¹) to noon (1.6 m s⁻¹) and dropping by 37.5% in the afternoon’. ‘This emphasizes the importance of precise UAV operation timing, aligning rotor schedules with natural wind dynamics to achieve an 18.2% increase in crop yield and 25.8% reduction in thermal stress’. Microclimate mapping revealed significant diurnal fluctuations in wind temperature and speed, particularly around noon and afternoon, posing risks of heat and mechanical stress. During the heading stage, temperatures increased by 0.86% from morning (29.15°C) to noon (29.45°C), while wind-speeds at noon peaked at 2.0–2.5 m s⁻¹, a 100%–150% rise from morning levels. While this improved air circulation, it also introduced the risk of mechanical stress during critical pollination periods. During the heading stage, leaf shape index (LSI) remained stable with minor fluctuations (3.27–3.29), but during the panicle stage, LSI rose by 44% from morning (2.08) to noon (3.01), and then dropped by 31% in the afternoon (2.06). At the flowering stage, LSI remained steady at 3.01–3.02. Leaf number plant⁻¹ increased by 6.5% during the panicle stage, while leaf length grew by 16% at the flowering stage, highlighting the positive impact of microclimate-engineering by UAV airflow on rice growth. Leaf water content surged by 65% during the heading stage, from morning (0.40) to noon (0.66). Specific Leaf Area (SLA) was most sensitive during the panicle stage, peaking at 211.13 cm² g⁻¹ at noon, an 81.4% increase. UAV rotor airflow significantly improves microclimatic conditions during panicle and flowering stages, benefiting crop growth. Further investigation is needed to explore optimal UAV applications and understand interactions between UAV airflow, crop varieties and environmental factors.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of Water and Heat Fluxes of Typical Crops and Simulation of Evapotranspiration in Saline-Alkali Soil of the Yellow River Delta, China","authors":"Qiu Haonan,&nbsp;Yang Shihong,&nbsp;Wang Guangmei,&nbsp;Liu Xiaoling,&nbsp;Zhang Jie,&nbsp;Xu Yi,&nbsp;Dong Shide,&nbsp;Liu Hanwen,&nbsp;Jiang Zewei","doi":"10.1111/jac.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The investigation of water and heat flux variation patterns in saline-alkali land is significant due to the distinctive characteristics that affect crop growth, and surface energy flux and evapotranspiration are two key factors affecting saline-alkali land. Surface energy fluxes and evapotranspiration of three crops (wheat, maize, and soybean) in saline-alkali soils were observed using an EC (eddy covariance) system. The energy balance closure of the three crops was evaluated at the daily scale with regression slopes of 0.82 for wheat, 0.83 for maize, and 0.65 for soybean. During the growing season, wheat, maize, and soybean exhibited average LE (latent heat) to Rn (net radiation) ratios of 0.66, 0.55, and 0.65, respectively. Notably, LE dominated the consumption of Rn. The correlation analysis showed that the three crops in saline-alkali soil had the highest correlation with Rn and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and a negative correlation with humidity (RH). Notably, crops in saline-alkali soil exhibited more pronounced nocturnal evapotranspiration (ET) variations in the middle and late growth stages compared to other dryland cropping systems. Based on the observed ET data and meteorological factors, this paper constructed ET prediction models for three crops in saline-alkali soil at 30-min and daily scales using back propagation neural network (BP), random forest (RF), and k-neighbourhood (KNN). BP exhibits better model performance. In most cases, the results showed that the best model performance of wheat, maize, and soybeans at the 30-min scale were <i>R</i>² = 0.812, RMSE = 0.0449 mm; <i>R</i>² = 0.683, RMSE = 0.0858 mm; <i>R</i>² = 0.802, RMSE = 0.0672 mm. The work in this study contributes to the understanding of the changing patterns of water–heat fluxes in crops in saline-alkali soil and enables prediction of crop evapotranspiration in saline soils.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Melatonin Application on Wheat Agronomic Traits Under Abiotic Stress: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Shah Fahad,&nbsp;Ihsan Muhammad,&nbsp;Shaohong Zhang,&nbsp;Mona S. Alwahibi,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Elshikh,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1111/jac.70016","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This meta-analysis assesses the effects of melatonin (Mel) on various wheat agronomic traits, revealing significant heterogeneity and potential publication bias. This comprehensive analysis highlights the variability across studies (<i>I</i>² &gt; 98% for overall, leaf area, root and shoot weight), indicating a potential for selective reporting in the analysed studies. Grain yield and root weight showed <i>I</i>² values of 93.78% and 99.54%, respectively, confirming the complex nature of melatonin's impact, which necessitates the use of random-effects models. Notably, the study uncovers significant heterogeneity in wheat traits (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Mel increased grain yield by 33.50% and positively influenced root and shoot weights compared to control (no melatonin; nMel). However, the effects varied across different Mel concentration, application method and environmental stressors. Grain yield significantly increased with Mel application, particularly in foliar spray by 41.40%, compared to nMel. Mel consistently enhanced the overall response ratio (ln<i>RR</i>) of grain yield, grain weight, root length, shoot length, leaf area, plant height, shoot weight and root weight by 33.50%, 24.01%, 21.28%, 32.99%, 36.33%, 15.94%, 22.14% and 20.86% compared to nMel. Compared to nMel, the most pronounced grain yield was observed in Mel under salt stress conditions. The benefits of Mel were more pronounced in Egypt, where grain yield increased by 52.91%, suggesting that local environmental factors significantly influence its efficacy. Its impact varied across different cultivars, with Jimai_22 increased root length by 70.83% and Sids_14 by 56.39% compared to nMel, emphasising the importance of genetic factors. Mel application under salt and Cd stress conditions increased root weight by 336% and 470%, respectively, while decreased by 87% under waterlogging compared to no stress conditions. This indicates that Mel greatly increased plant resistance to abiotic stresses by modulating stress-responsive pathways and improving agronomic traits.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the Impact of Climate Warming on Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Phenology From Observations and Modelling in the Arid Region of Northwest China","authors":"Lu Liu,&nbsp;Xi Chen","doi":"10.1111/jac.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate warming has induced shifts in the phenological period and thus affected cultivar selection and effective crop management. Particularly, the great climate warming in the dry environment could have more effects on the phenology of spring wheat with the distinct cycle of biological events during growth. In this study, the daily observations of spring wheat phenology and meteorology from 1991 to 2018 were used to analyse changes in phenology concerning accumulated temperature in the Hexi Corridor region of Northwest China. Five crop growth models (WheatGrow, WOFOST, CropSyst, CERES-Wheat and APSIM-Wheat) were selected to evaluate the reliability of the phenological stage simulations in the study region. Results show that in the past 28 years, the annual accumulated temperature in the whole growth period from sowing to maturity increased by 3.08°C–8.35°C/a at three sites of the region. Climate warming shortened the phenological period at rates of 3.56–4.49 days/10a, mostly attributed to the shortened duration from anthesis to maturity. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the shortened phenological period cannot be simply expressed by the linear correlation between the length of phenological phases and accumulated temperature in the respective growth stages. The five wheat growth models after parameter validation can generally capture the phenological dates, and WOFOST performed best at the three sites. However, when the calibrated model was used for simulations of long-term variations of phenological dates, the accumulated errors in simulations could result in large deviations of the predicted physiological change to the observations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morpho-Physiological Traits Linked to Water Stress Responses Among Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Varieties: A Field Study in Kenya","authors":"Vincent Ochieng Suba,&nbsp;Rosepiah Munene,&nbsp;Osman Mustafa,&nbsp;Sara Loftus,&nbsp;Mutez Ahmed,&nbsp;Michaela Dippold,&nbsp;Dennis Otieno,&nbsp;Juxiu Liu,&nbsp;Yuelin Li","doi":"10.1111/jac.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sorghum is a drought-tolerant crop with the potential to alleviate food insecurity in arid and semiarid regions of the world. This study aimed to identify the morphological and physiological traits that are associated with drought tolerance in three sorghum varieties grown in Kenya: the Makueni (MKL) landrace, Gadam (GD) open-pollinated variety and the IESH 22012 hybrid. A randomised split-plot design was employed, comprising three sorghum varieties and two moisture input levels (control and drought), replicated four times during the 2021 and 2022 crop seasons. Rainout shelters were utilised to impose drought conditions. Drought stress significantly influenced all traits, and the three varieties exhibited distinct responses. Based on grain yield, IESH demonstrated superior potential, followed by GD, while MKL ranked third under drought conditions. Across all varieties, drought led to reductions in transpiration rates (MKL: 40%, GD: 46% and IESH: 20%) and stomatal conductance (MKL: 31%, GD: 39% and IESH: 21%). Assimilation rates were reduced by 51%, 38% and 23% for GD, MKL and IESH, respectively. Similarly, drought decreased biomass by 46% for GD, 30% for IESH and 26% for MKL. Grain yields were also reduced by 51% for GD, 37% for MKL and 33% for IESH. GD exhibited a more pronounced yield decline than IESH in response to water shortages, indicating a greater sensitivity to reduced water supply. Overall, the results indicate that sorghum responds to drought by reducing plant size, biomass accumulation, leaf area, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. However, the phenotypic drought response, including the allocation of reduced carbon and biomass formation among plant organs, is specific to each variety. The IESH variety was identified as more suitable for both drought-stress and nonstress environments, considering its favourable morphological, physiological and yield-related traits, as well as its sensitivity and tolerance indices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and Molecular Responses to Salinity in Two Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Varieties","authors":"Yuelin Wang,&nbsp;Hanjun Zhou,&nbsp;Liang Xu,&nbsp;Xiefeng Ye","doi":"10.1111/jac.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study compared the salt tolerance of two tobacco varieties with different salt tolerances during the germination period—Basma (Oriental tobacco) and K326 (flue-cured tobacco)—under NaCl stress. Basma exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activity (1.16–3.58 times that of K326), reduced <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {mathrm{O}}_2^{-} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> levels by 16.5% during the peak accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and effectively regulated ion homeostasis by upregulating <i>NtSOS1</i>, reducing Na+ accumulation in aboveground tissues by 21.01–22.90 times and in underground tissues by 12.84–14.15 times compared to K326. Additionally, Basma increased the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content in underground tissues by 1.5 times after 72 h of saline stress, a change supported by increased expression of <i>NtPIN4</i>. In summary, Basma demonstrated greater salt tolerance than K326 by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, regulating ion homeostasis and maintaining IAA balance. These findings suggest that enhancing ROS scavenging, modifying root structure and applying IAA can effectively enhance salt tolerance in tobacco cultivation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated CO2 Modulates N Uptake and N Use Efficiency of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Response to Soil Progressive Drought at Topping Stage","authors":"Lin Zhang,&nbsp;Fulai Liu,&nbsp;Guitong Li","doi":"10.1111/jac.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration ([CO₂]) is believed to mitigate the drought stress on plant, and is regulated by soil nitrogen availability. Nonetheless, effects of elevated [CO₂] (<i>e</i>[CO₂]) on plant response to drought and their interactive effects on plant N uptake and utilisation remain critical unknown. In this study, three-month-old potted tobacco plants (a C₃ model and crop plant) cultivated at two CO₂ concentrations (400 and 800 μmol mol ⁻¹) were exposed to progressive drought stress after budding-topping. In this study, ¹⁵N isotopic technique used for analysing the fertiliser-N transformation in soil and plant organs. Results shown drought generally decreased tobacco biomass, and soil nutrient supply significantly intensify this leaf biomass decreasing induced by drought, while <i>e</i>[CO₂] could alleviate the soil drought and nutrient effects on biomass decreasing in upper-leaf. During progressive drought, <i>e</i>[CO₂]-plants are able to maintain higher root hydraulic conductivity (<i>K</i>_r) than their <i>a</i>[CO₂]-counterparts, the higher <i>K</i>_r induced by <i>e</i>[CO₂] were correlated with leaf stomatal conductance (<i>g</i>_s) decrease and xylem sap ABA ([ABA]_xylem) increase. In other words, soil nutrient supply enhanced the [ABA]_xylem of drought-stressed plants with 3–7 folds higher than none nutrient supply counterparts. Elevated [CO₂] induced more fertiliser-N accumulated in tobacco leaves, especially under well-watered conditions, which in turn yielded higher photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in leaves but low in whole plant. These results suggested that <i>e</i>[CO₂] could alleviate drought-induced photosynthesis limitation by improving root biomass (mainly fine root) and <i>K</i>_r, but the alleviation varied with soil nutrient conditions, thereby mitigating the drought-negative effects on upper-leaf growth, finally improved tobacco water use efficiency and tobacco production.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong Source and Fluent Flow May Increase Grain Weight and Yield in Water-Saving and Drought-Resistance Rice: A 5-Year Field Study","authors":"Kun Liu,&nbsp;Hong Zhao,&nbsp;Dangping Hou,&nbsp;Chenyu Wang,&nbsp;Zhikang Li,&nbsp;Jiarong Cui,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Yiying Zhang,&nbsp;Li Ren,&nbsp;Jian Huang,&nbsp;Jingli Zhang,&nbsp;Jingyan Huang,&nbsp;Shouguo Li,&nbsp;Yunxia Chu,&nbsp;Hairong Chen,&nbsp;Shan Deng,&nbsp;Ruixi Han","doi":"10.1111/jac.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) is a new type of cultivated rice, which not only has the characteristics of high yield and quality of rice, but also has the properties of water-saving and drought-resistance of upland rice. However, the source, flow and sink basis of its high yield were still unclear. It was of great significance for the breeding of high-yielding WDR varieties and cultivation regulation to clarify the characteristics of the source, flow, and sink of WDR yield formation and its regulation effects. In this study, WDR varieties (more than 20) with three groups of different grain weight types: small grain weight type (SGWT, grain weight &lt; 22.5 mg), medium grain weight type (MGWT, 22.5 mg &lt; grain weight &lt; 25 mg) and large grain weight type (LGWT, grain weight &gt; 25 mg), were selected as materials. The contribution of grain weight to the yield, the changes of source (flag leaf length and width), flow (stem length and diameter), and sink (grain length and width) and the regulation effects of grain fertiliser application rate (GFAR) on grain weight in WDR were studied through a 5-year field cultivation. The results showed that (1) the average yield of LGWT was significantly higher than that of SGWT and MGWT varieties, with an increase of 5.23%–9.88% and 2.06%–3.08%, respectively. Larger grain weight was the primary feature of high-yielding WDR varieties. (2) There was a significant positive correlation between grain weight and, flag leaf width (source) and stem diameter (flow) at the middle grain filling stage (25 days after heading) (<i>r</i> = 0.467*–0.688**). (3) Compared with no GFAR treatment, the applying GFAR treatments (GFAR at 25 and 50 kg ha⁻¹) increased the stem diameter, flag leaf width, grain weight and yield of Huhan1505 (SGWT), Huhan1517 (MGWT) and Hanyou756 (LGWT) to varying degrees, and the increase of SGWT was greater. Larger flag leaf width (strong source) and wider stem diameter (fluent flow) were material foundation for high yield of WDR. Promoting source strength and smooth flow at the middle grain filling stage was conducive to promoting the increase of grain weight and yield of WDR.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield and Forage Quality of the New Forage Perennial Legume Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata cv. Lanza in Response to Rainfall Reduction and Competition","authors":"Jesús Fernández-Habas,&nbsp;Daniel Real,&nbsp;Tom Vanwalleghem,&nbsp;José Ramón Leal-Murillo,&nbsp;Pilar Fernández-Rebollo","doi":"10.1111/jac.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Bituminaria bituminosa</i> is a promising drought-tolerant perennial legume which could reduce the vulnerability of Mediterranean livestock systems to drought. A 3-year field split-plot experiment was carried out in southern Spain to test the response of <i>Bituminaria bituminosa</i> cv. Lanza (tedera) to a 24% annual rainfall reduction and competition in terms of yield and forage quality. The experiment included a whole-plot factor, Rainfall, with two treatments, 24% annual rainfall reduction and no rainfall reduction, and two subplot factors: Species (tedera and alfalfa) and Stand (pure and mixed). In the sowing year, tedera in pure stands was as productive as alfalfa in rainfed conditions (2740 kg ha⁻¹). In the second year, a suitable distribution of rainfall until April and a mild winter allowed production of tedera of 9526 kg ha⁻¹ compared to 1811 kg ha⁻¹ of alfalfa. In the third year, both species had a similar yield of 1843 kg ha⁻¹. Rainfall reduction marginally affected (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.1) the species production. The 24% rainfall reduction had less impact on tedera than management and the contrasting weather over years. In the second year, rainfall reduction caused a decline in the yield of, on average, 36% in alfalfa and 17% in tedera. Contrary to the previous year, in the third year, both species showed a similar increase in yield under reduced rainfall due to a possible protective effect of the rainout shelters in winter. Tedera suffered from frost damage indicating the cold tolerance of cv. Lanza may not be enough to persist in some Mediterranean areas of the Iberian Peninsula. Competition strongly affected both species, leading to failure, especially in tedera, whose establishment may be severely limited by fast-growing grasses. Tedera showed suitable forage quality, especially in the leaf fraction (CP = 16%). However, uncut tedera developed lignified stems that caused a great decline in forage quality. Rainfall reduction had little or no impact on forage quality.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}