Irrigation and Drainage最新文献

{"title":"Effects of water quality and nitrogen on wheat productivity: Experimental and modelling study using the SALTMED model","authors":"Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary,&nbsp;Hong Li,&nbsp;Ragab Ragab,&nbsp;Zawar Hussain,&nbsp;Muhammad Akhlaq,&nbsp;Imran Ali Lakhiar","doi":"10.1002/ird.3034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effects of different water qualities and nitrogen doses need to be investigated for wheat growth to determine the optimal management strategy for sustaining wheat production potential to ensure human food security. Therefore, a 2-year study (2020–2021 to 2021–2022) was conducted on wheat irrigated with different water qualities, including canal water (Ca), tubewell water (Tu) and mixed Ca-Tu water (Mx), each fertilized with two nitrogen doses, that is, N75 = 75 kgN.ha⁻¹ and N100 = 100 kgN.ha⁻¹. Ca⨯N100 performed best, with 5.12 t.ha⁻¹ grain yield, 11.60 t.ha⁻¹ biomass, 102.83 cm plant height and 1.32 kg.m⁻³ water productivity. The best values of the root mean square error (RMSE), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²) and coefficient of residual mass (CRM) were 0.11, 0.12, 0.93 and −0.004, respectively, for calibration and 0.13, 0.15, 0.87 and ±0.01, respectively, for validation of the SALTMED model. The scenario simulation was performed for additional levels of water salinity (electrical conductivity [EC] = 8 and 12 dS.m⁻¹) and nitrogen doses (50, 125, 150 and 175 kgN.ha⁻¹). The results revealed improvements in wheat grain yield of 107%, 16% and −6% at EC = 8 dS.m⁻¹ and 125%, 31% and 5% at EC = 12 dS.m⁻¹, while the improvements in biomass were 113%, 22% and −2% at EC = 8 dS.m⁻¹ and 137%, 29% and 8% at EC = 12 dS.m⁻¹ with increasing nitrogen doses from 50–125 kg.ha⁻¹, 125–150 kg.ha⁻¹ and 150–175 kg.ha⁻¹, respectively. It is recommended that high-quality water with the lowest possible EC and nitrogen applications of up to 150 kgN.ha⁻¹ be adopted for wheat production in semi-arid areas of Punjab, Pakistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 2","pages":"688-702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating water grabbing of farmland transfer through plot up-scaling and pro-environmental investment: Evidence from Jiangsu, China","authors":"Ying Chai,&nbsp;Xiaoshan Chen,&nbsp;Su Pan,&nbsp;Haoran Zhang,&nbsp;Yunmin Zeng","doi":"10.1002/ird.3038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water grabbing, which is prevalent in countries involved in farmland transfer, poses a new challenge to ensuring water, food and environmental security. This study utilises the database of the China Land Economic Survey (CLES) and Yitzhaki's relative deprivation index to quantitatively evaluate the impact of farmland transfer on water grabbing. The results indicate the existence of water grabbing in the context of farmland transfer in China. Furthermore, water grabbing represents a novel form of increasing water usage. Additionally, farmland transfer significantly and positively correlates with water use and water grabbing. Finally, both plot up-scaling and pro-environmental investment, along with their combination, can mitigate these effects and mutually reinforce each other. The study proposes that solutions for mitigating water grabbing lie in policy intervention, such as farmland consolidation and environmental regulation, necessitating government intervention.</p><p>L'accaparement de l'eau, qui est courant dans les pays impliqués dans le transfert de terres agricoles, pose un nouveau défi pour assurer la sécurité de l'eau, de l'alimentation et de l'environnement. Cette étude utilise la base de données de l'Enquête économique foncière chinoise (CLES) et l'Indice de privation relative de Yitzhaki pour évaluer quantitativement l'impact du transfert de terres agricoles sur l'accaparement de l'eau. Les résultats indiquent l'existence de l'accaparement de l'eau dans le contexte des transferts de terres agricoles en Chine. En outre, l'accaparement de l'eau représente une forme nouvelle d'augmentation de la consommation de l'eau. En outre, le transfert de terres agricoles est en corrélation significative et positive avec l'utilisation de l'eau et l'accaparement de l'eau. Enfin, l'intensification des parcelles et les investissements en faveur de l'environnement, combinés à leur combinaison, peuvent atténuer ces effets et se renforcer mutuellement. L'étude propose que les solutions pour atténuer l'accaparement de l'eau reposent sur des interventions politiques, telles que la consolidation des terres agricoles et la réglementation environnementale, nécessitant une intervention gouvernementale.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 2","pages":"749-764"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-resilient irrigation: Essential changes to balance food production and water security on a livable planet","authors":"Amal Talbi,&nbsp;Poolad Karimi,&nbsp;Pieter Waalewijn,&nbsp;Francois Onimus,&nbsp;I Jsbrand de Jong,&nbsp;Esha Dilip Zaveri,&nbsp;Ruyi Li","doi":"10.1002/ird.3033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate-resilient irrigation is a necessity for sustainable development, aligning with broader goals of poverty alleviation, food security and environmental stewardship. By embracing adaptive strategies and fostering collaborative efforts, communities can navigate the challenges posed by a changing climate, safeguarding livelihoods and ecosystems. Climate-resilient irrigation can improve coping measures and build resilience for communities through pathways which help improve agriculture. The relationship between agriculture, irrigation, water resources and climate change calls for an evolution of traditional irrigation practices towards climate-resilient irrigation approaches, such as farmer-led irrigation development; innovation and modernization to ensure the long-term viability and functionality of irrigation systems and infrastructure; financing mechanisms to support the transition towards climate resilience; partnerships between governments, international organizations and the private sector to mobilize resources effectively; and efficient service delivery mechanisms, promoting equitable access and effective management of water resources. Emphasizing the need climate-resilient irrigation to balance food production and water security, this essay advocates a paradigm shift towards sustainable water management, ensuring resilience in the face of climate uncertainties while safeguarding agricultural productivity and environmental integrity for a livable planet.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 5","pages":"1723-1730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the AquaCrop model and response surface method to determine the optimum irrigation water and seeding density for wheat growing under sprinkler irrigation system","authors":"Ali Shabani,&nbsp;Majid Habibagahi,&nbsp;Mehdi Mahbod,&nbsp;Farhad Partojou,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi","doi":"10.1002/ird.3035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to determine the optimal seeding density and irrigation water for maximizing wheat yield, water productivity and income using the AquaCrop model and response surface method (RSM). The AquaCrop model was calibrated and validated using experimental data from two successive growing seasons. The AquaCrop simulations for grain yield, biomass, soil water content, evapotranspiration and canopy cover were satisfactory and acceptable. After calibration, the model simulated the grain yield for 47 years with five seeding densities and four irrigation schedules. By applying RSM to the AquaCrop model outputs over 47 years, it was found that irrigation water amounts of 747, 198 and 747 mm, along with seeding densities of 211, 188 and 208 kg ha⁻¹, respectively, maximized the wheat yield, water productivity and profit per unit area. A seeding density of 162.4 kg ha⁻¹ combined with a total of 350 mm of irrigation water and rainfall resulted in the highest water productivity. This study demonstrated the reliability of the AquaCrop model in predicting wheat grain yield under various irrigation and seeding density conditions, providing valuable insights for farmers and agricultural experts to optimize crop productivity and profitability.</p><p>Cette étude visait à déterminer la densité de semis optimale et l'eau d'irrigation pour maximiser le rendement du blé, la productivité de l'eau et le revenu à l'aide du modèle AquaCrop et de la méthode de surface de réponse (RSM). Le modèle AquaCrop a été étalonné et validé à l'aide de données expérimentales de deux saisons de croissance successives. Les simulations AquaCrop pour le rendement en grains, la biomasse, la teneur en eau du sol, l'évapotranspiration et la couverture de canopée étaient satisfaisante et acceptables. Après étalonnage, le modèle a simulé le rendement en grains pendant 47 ans avec cinq densités de semis et quatre programmes d'irrigation. En appliquant la RSM aux résultats obtenus du modèle AquaCrop sur 47 ans, Il a été constaté que des quantités d'eau d'irrigation de 747, 198 et 747 mm, ainsi que des densités de semis de 211, 188 et 208 kg ha⁻¹, respectivement, maximisaient le rendement en blé, la productivité de l'eau et le profit par unité de surface. Une densité de semis de 162,4 kg ha⁻¹, combinée à un total de 350 mm d'eau d'irrigation et de précipitations, a permis d'obtenir la plus grande productivité de l'eau. Cette étude a démontré la fiabilité du modèle AquaCrop dans la prévision du rendement en grains de blé dans diverses conditions d'irrigation et de densité des semis, fournissant des informations précieuses aux agriculteurs et aux experts agricoles afin d'optimiser la productivité et la rentabilité des cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 2","pages":"703-722"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on operation control and optimal scheduling of irrigation canal systems","authors":"Ke Zhou,&nbsp;Yu Fan,&nbsp;Zhanyi Gao,&nbsp;Haorui Chen,&nbsp;Ye Kang","doi":"10.1002/ird.3028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Open canals are a common water transfer method used in water transfer projects and agricultural irrigation and drainage projects. With the emergence of drawbacks in traditional canal control models and the increasingly severe shortage of water resources, accurate transport and distribution of water in the canal system of the irrigation district, rational allocation of water resources, reduction in water loss, improvement in the efficiency and benefit of water resource utilization, and satisfaction of the water demand of different water users are needed. Many scholars have conducted extensive research on canal operation control and optimal scheduling. This paper systematically reviews and summarizes the relevant research progress, including the theory of unsteady flow in open canals, the operation mode of the canal system, the operation control model and algorithm of canal systems, and the optimization of water distribution in canal systems. By summarizing the research progress already achieved, the existing problems and future development directions are identified according to actual needs, providing a reference for the ongoing modernization of irrigation districts and the research and application of digital twin irrigation district technology.</p><p>Résumé</p><p>Les canaux ouverts sont une méthode courante de transfert d'eau utilisée dans les projets de transfert d'eau et d'irrigation agricole et les projets de drainage. Avec l'apparition des inconvénients dans les modèles traditionnels de régulation des canaux et la pénurie de plus en plus grave des ressources en eau, il est nécessaire d'avoir un transport et une distribution précis de l'eau dans le système de canaux du district d'irrigation, une allocation rationnelle des ressources en eau, une réduction des pertes d'eau, une amélioration de l'efficacité et des avantages de l'utilization des ressources en eau, et la satisfaction de la demande en eau des différents utilisateurs. De nombreux chercheurs ont effectué des recherches approfondies sur le contrôle de l'exploitation des canaux et la planification optimale. Cet article passe en revue et résume systématiquement les progrès de la recherche pertinente, y compris la théorie de l'écoulement instable dans les canaux ouverts, le mode de fonctionnement du système de canaux, le modèle de contrôle de l'exploitation et l'algorithme des systèmes de canaux, et l'optimisation de la distribution de l'eau dans les systèmes de canaux. En résumant les progrès de la recherche déjà réalisés, les problèmes existants et les orientations de développement futur sont identifiés en fonction des besoins réels, fournissant une référence pour la modernisation en cours des districts d'irrigation et la recherche et l'application de la technologie numérique des districts d'irrigation jumelés.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 2","pages":"861-879"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of evapotranspiration and crop coefficients for eggplant in a Venlo-type greenhouse in South China","authors":"Biyu Wang,&nbsp;Rongxuan Bao,&nbsp;Haofang Yan,&nbsp;Hexiang Zheng,&nbsp;Jiabin Wu,&nbsp;Chuan Zhang,&nbsp;Guoqing Wang","doi":"10.1002/ird.3025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Determination of greenhouse evapotranspiration (ET_c) and the response mechanism of environmental factors are important for accurate irrigation management and greenhouse environmental control. Models for predicting ET_c under greenhouse conditions are extremely scarce in comparison to those under open field conditions. Meteorological data inside and outside a Venlo-type greenhouse were measured from April to July 2015 to estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) based on four approaches (the Penman–Monteith model, a revised Penman–Monteith model, a modified Priestley–Taylor approach and the Irmark–Allen fitting approach). The daily ET₀ values inside the greenhouse calculated from these four methods presented similar variation trends but were somewhat different. The ET_c for eggplant in the greenhouse was measured by lysimeters to estimate the crop coefficient with the FAO-56 method (<i>K</i>_c = ET_c/ET₀), and the response mechanism of environmental factors on the ET_c was analysed. The results showed that the crop coefficients of the eggplant were different, with values of 0.94–1.97, 0.83–1.87, 0.64–1.34 and 0.58–1.21 based on the ET₀ from the Penman–Monteith model, revised Penman–Monteith model, modified Priestley–Taylor approach and Irmark–Allen fitting approach, respectively; the net radiation showed the highest correlation with the ET_c; the secondary parameters were the air temperature and solar radiation, with <i>R</i>² values equal to 0.77 and 0.75, respectively; and the relative humidity and soil temperature showed different extents of influence on the ET_c. The results of this study provide more options for greenhouse cultivars to accurately determine the ET_c of eggplants using the FAO-56 method based on the availability of different meteorological data.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 2","pages":"556-568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of women in the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus—challenges and opportunities","authors":"Narges Zohrabi,&nbsp;Ragab Ragab,&nbsp;Behzad Navidi Nassaj,&nbsp;Firoozeh Farahani,&nbsp;Saeed Nairizi","doi":"10.1002/ird.3027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3027","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Water, food and energy are crucial for human survival and sustainable development, being interconnected through the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus. Despite extensive research, the significant roles women play in these sectors are often underappreciated. Women are vital in water management, enhancing resource management, water quality and access, particularly in rural areas. In agriculture, they make up a large proportion of the workforce, boosting productivity, promoting sustainable farming practices and ensuring food security. Their deep knowledge of traditional food systems, coupled with their caregiving roles, contributes to providing nutritious and culturally appropriate diets. In the energy sector, women are key advocates for sustainable solutions and grassroots adoption of renewable energy technologies. Recognizing gender equality and empowering women are essential for maximizing their potential in the WEF nexus. Implementing gender-responsive policies, inclusive decision-making processes, and investing in education and skills training can significantly enhance women's roles in sustainable management. Empowered women drive innovation and transformative change, leading to more resilient and inclusive governance structures. This article emphasizes the importance of recognizing and supporting women's contributions within the WEF nexus, as this leads to more sustainable and equitable outcomes for all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;L'eau, l'alimentation et l'énergie sont essentielles à la survie humaine et au développement durable, et sont interconnectées par le nexus eau–énergie–alimentation (WEF). Malgré des recherches approfondies, le rôle important que jouent les femmes dans ces secteurs est souvent sous-estimé. Les femmes jouent un rôle essentiel dans la gestion de l'eau, améliorant la gestion des ressources, la qualité de l'eau et l'accès à l'eau, en particulier dans les zones rurales. Dans l'agriculture, elles constituent une grande partie de la main-d'œuvre, augmentant la productivité, promouvant des pratiques agricoles durables et garantissant la sécurité alimentaire. Leur connaissance approfondie des systèmes alimentaires traditionnels, associée à leur rôle de soignante, contribue à fournir des régimes alimentaires nutritifs et culturellement appropriés. Dans le secteur de l'énergie, les femmes sont des défenseures clés des solutions durables et de l'adoption par la base des technologies d'énergie renouvelable. La reconnaissance de l'égalité des sexes et l'autonomisation des femmes sont essentielles pour maximiser leur potentiel dans le Nexus WEF. La mise en œuvre de politiques tenant compte des questions de genre, de processus décisionnels inclusifs et l'investissement dans l'éducation et la formation professionnelle peuvent considérablement améliorer le rôle des femmes dans la gestion durable. Les femmes autonomes stimulent l'innovation et le changement transformateur, conduisant à des structures de gouvernance plus résilientes et plus inclusives. Cet art","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 5","pages":"1889-1899"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of future climatic and anthropogenic impacts on the hydrological system of a semi-arid catchment","authors":"Rajesh Nune,&nbsp;Andrew W. Western,&nbsp;Biju A. George,&nbsp;Sridhar Gummadi,&nbsp;Srinivas Pasupuleti,&nbsp;Ragab Ragab,&nbsp;Sreenath Dixit","doi":"10.1002/ird.3018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate and catchment characteristics, particularly land and water use and management, may vary according to the population growth rate, future food habits and water demands. Three climate simulations corresponding to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (A1B) were downscaled using the ‘Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies’ (PRECIS) for the period 1961–2098, and bias correction was performed using the quantile mapping (QM) method. A semi-distributed integrated model (Modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT) was used to predict the impacts of dynamic changes in catchment characteristics in the Himayat Sagar (HS) catchment and the effects of future climate change on future streamflow and groundwater storage. Simulations predicted that if this trend continues in the future, future climate and anthropogenic changes will lead to a more than 50% reduction in streamflow and a 50% increase in actual evaporation in the HS catchment. This would reduce groundwater storage to a depth of 15 m compared to current conditions, and by the end of the century, there would be no contribution from the base flow to the streamflow. Overall, unless current policies are modified to stabilize land and water management practices, anthropogenic changes will have greater importance than climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 2","pages":"834-860"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird.3018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the hydraulic characteristics of an airfoil-shaped weir trough measurement and control integrated facility combined with numerical simulation","authors":"Peng Su,&nbsp;Wenzheng Zhang,&nbsp;Mouchao Lv,&nbsp;Jingtao Qin,&nbsp;Bin Sun","doi":"10.1002/ird.3030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, an integrated measurement and control facility with an airfoil weir as the primary overcurrent structure is proposed by considering the flow characteristics over different shapes of weir trough facilities as well as the approach of merging measurement and control functions. The incomplete self-similarity theory and dimensional analysis are used to derive the stage-discharge relationship. The hydraulic characteristics of the facility under different shape-related parameters, weir crest heights (rotation angles), and flows are studied by combining model testing and numerical simulation. The findings demonstrate that changes in shape- related parameters and rotation angle do not affect the linear relationship between the water depths in the critical and reference sections. The mean error in the discharge formula derived by dimensional analysis is 2%. The Froude number is less than 0.25 under all the working conditions. From the backwater height and head loss, it can be seen that the larger the <i>P</i>/<i>C</i> (the maximum airfoil thickness <i>P</i> to the chord length <i>C</i> ratio) value of the facility under the premise of unifying the weir crest height, the better the overflow capacity. When the height of the weir crest is 0.3778 m, the negative pressure on the surface of the airfoil weir increases with increasing <i>P</i>/<i>C</i> value.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 2","pages":"541-555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a prototype variable frequency mode soil moisture and EC probe for its final development","authors":"Hideki Miyamoto,&nbsp;Naoki Masuda,&nbsp;Hirashima Yuta,&nbsp;Mohammad Abdul Mojid","doi":"10.1002/ird.3029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A prototype dielectric probe developed by the Daiki Rika Kogyo Co., Ltd, Japan, was evaluated by controlled laboratory experiments. The probe simultaneously measures the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric permittivity, which are comparable to the measurements obtained with a vector network analyser (VNA) at frequencies ranging from 10 to 160 MHz. The probe accurately (±2% error) measures the real parts of the dielectric permittivity of oil–ethanol and ethanol–water mixtures over a wide range of real permittivities (3.26 ~ 79) at frequencies ranging from 70 to 90 MHz. The imaginary parts of the dielectric permittivity of aqueous solutions are related to the electrical conductivity (EC) through a unique rational model (±2.5% error) over 80–90 MHz. Dielectric measurements by probes at the desired frequencies can eliminate/reduce the limitations of fixed-frequency measurements, such as the effects of EC, clay composition, porosity, and organic matter, of currently available probes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 2","pages":"499-515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}