Irrigation and Drainage最新文献

{"title":"Nozzle structure optimisation in a photovoltaic irrigation system","authors":"Xianfang Wu, Xinyue Zhu, Minggao Tan, Houlin Liu, Jie Ge","doi":"10.1002/ird.3058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On the basis of the significant impact of the sprinkler nozzle structure in photovoltaic irrigation systems, the nozzle parameters are optimised to improve sprinkler adaptability and irrigation uniformity under different light intensities. An experimental test and numerical simulation were conducted to analyse the influence of nozzles with distinct parameters on the spray irrigation effect. Taking the irrigation uniformity coefficient as the optimisation goal and the nozzle outlet shape, outlet area and straight flow channel length as the optimisation variables, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, and the optimal solution was obtained via range analysis. The experimental results indicate that the sprinkler performs best when the outlet shape is circular, the nozzle outlet area is 7 mm<sup>2</sup> and the flow channel length is 2 mm. The optimal nozzle characteristics were tested and compared with those of the original design, and numerical simulation was used to demonstrate the optimised internal flow mechanism. The results demonstrate that the optimised flow rate and spray range are improved, and the working pressure and rotation period are significantly reduced, enabling the system to adapt to a more extensive range of light intensities. The radial water distribution structure is better, and the combined application rate and uniformity coefficient are also significantly improved. In addition, the sprinkler outlet speed is more consistent, and the area of the high-speed zone in the spray plate increases, which is conducive to reducing energy loss and enhancing sprinkler irrigation uniformity.</p><p>Résumé</p><p>Sur la base de l'impact significatif exercé par la structure des buses d'aspersion sur les systèmes d'irrigation photovoltaïques, les paramètres des buses d'aspersion sont optimisés pour améliorer l'adaptabilité des buses d'aspersion et l'uniformité de l'irrigation sous différentes intensités lumineuses. Un essai expérimental et une simulation numérique ont été effectués pour analyser l'influence des buses avec des paramètres distincts sur l'effet d'irrigation par pulvérisation. En prenant le coefficient d'uniformité d'irrigation comme objectif d'optimisation et la forme de sortie de la buse, la zone de sortie et la longueur du canal d'écoulement droit comme variables d'optimisation, un plan expérimental orthogonal a été utilisé et la solution optimale a été obtenue par l'analyse de la portée. Les résultats expérimentaux indiquent que l'asperseur fonctionne mieux quand la forme de sortie est circulaire, que la surface de sortie de la buse est de 7 mm<sup>2</sup> et que la longueur du canal d'écoulement est de 2 mm. Les caractéristiques optimales de la buse ont été testées et comparées à celles de la conception originale, et la simulation numérique a été utilisée pour démontrer le mécanisme optimisé de l'écoulement interne. Les résultats montrent que le débit et la portée de pulvérisation optimisés sont améliorés et que la p","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 3","pages":"900-914"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘Performance of surface, subsurface and trench-type drainage systems in paddy fields for non-rice farming’","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ird.3059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Rahimi, A</span>, <span>Liaghat, A</span>, <span>Ebrahimian, H</span>, <span>Ashrafi, A</span>. <span>Performance of surface, subsurface and trench-type drainage systems in paddy fields for non-rice farming</span>. <i>Irrig. Drain.</i> <span>2024</span>; <span>73</span>(<span>4</span>): <span>1437</span>–<span>1452</span>. https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2971</p><p>In the affiliation section of all authors, the text ‘Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj, Iran’ is not completely correct. This should have read: ‘Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.’</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 1","pages":"490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird.3059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143456152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different water quality on the performance of pressure compensating emitter in drip irrigation systems","authors":"Peng Hou,&nbsp;Changjian Ma,&nbsp;Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Shance Hou,&nbsp;Jingzhi Li,&nbsp;Yang Xiao,&nbsp;Yunkai Li","doi":"10.1002/ird.3061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pressure-compensating emitters (PCE) ensure consistent flow rates and uniform irrigation in drip irrigation systems across varying pressures. However, the performance of PCE can be significantly compromised by marginal water, characterized by impurities like particulate matter, salt ions, microorganisms and organic substances. To date, research elucidating the factors contributing to PCE performance reduction with marginal water sources has been limited. This study investigated the effects of tour types of marginal waters on PCE performances, specifically saline water (rich in salt ions), high-sediment water, biogas slurry (rich in organics) and reclaimed water (containing microorganisms), under three operational pressures (0.1 MPa, 0.2 MPa, 0.3 MPa). Variations in clogging substances and diaphragm performance within the PCE flow channel were analysed. Results indicated that PCE performance declined most rapidly in saline water, followed by high-sediment water, biogas slurry and reclaimed water. Compared to clogging substances within the flow channel in reclaimed water conditions, those in biogas slurry, high-sediment water and saline water increased by 3.4%, 17.5% and 93.1%, respectively. The flow coefficient decreased by 21.1%, 32.2% and 18.0%, respectively, while the flow index increased by 5.8%, 12.5% and 50.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the elastic modulus of the diaphragm decreased by 1.8%, 13.6% and 44.1%, respectively. These results underscored that chemical ions in the water source are the most critical factor influencing PCE performance, followed by sediment and organic matter, while microorganisms have a comparatively lesser impact. Furthermore, higher pressure levels were found to contribute to improvements in PCE performance. This study offers insights into the influence of various marginal waters on PCE performance, with implications for the broader adoption and implementation of pressure-compensating drip irrigation technology in conditions involving marginal water.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 3","pages":"970-982"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mulching in irrigated forage cactus promotes early harvest and improves the economic indices of the crop","authors":"Thieres George Freire da Silva,&nbsp;Renan Matheus Cordeiro Leite,&nbsp;Cleber Pereira Alves,&nbsp;George do Nascimento Araújo Júnior,&nbsp;Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim,&nbsp;Carlos André Alves de Souza,&nbsp;José Edson Florentino de Morais,&nbsp;Maria Madalena Lima de Barros,&nbsp;Jandis Ferreira Nunes de Araújo,&nbsp;Vinícius Santos do Nascimento,&nbsp;Alexsandro Claudio dos Santos Almeida,&nbsp;Hugo Rafael Bentzen Santos,&nbsp;Fred Augusto Lourêdo de Brito,&nbsp;Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza","doi":"10.1002/ird.3056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To mitigate the negative effects of climate, the use of resilient agriculture is essential. This study evaluated the impact of different levels of biotic mulch on irrigated forage cactus yield, phenology and economic indices. The ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ clone was used and subjected to four levels of biotic mulch—BM (0, 5, 10 and 15 Mg ha⁻¹) in a randomised block design with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of growing forage cactus with 0, 5, 10 and 15 Mg ha⁻¹ mulch. The experiment was carried out in a semi-arid environment in Brazil (Serra Talhada, Pernambuco State) over two successive cycles (August 2020 to August 2022). The yield, cutting time, and morphophysiological, economic and water use indicators were evaluated. There was no effect of the BM level on the final forage yield. In the first experimental cycle, the treatment with 10 Mg ha⁻¹ BM brought the cutting time forward by 103°C day. The application of 15 Mg ha⁻¹ BM prolonged phenophase 2, causing an increase of 236°C day in the cycle compared with the treatment with 10 Mg ha⁻¹ BM. We concluded that mulch improved crop water and economic indicators, contributing to sustainable forage production in semiarid environments.</p><p>Résumé</p><p>Pour atténuer les effets négatifs exercés par le climat, l'utilisation d'une agriculture résistante au climat est essentielle. Cette étude a évalué l'impact de différents niveaux de paillis biotique sur le rendement, la phénologie et les indices économiques du cactus fourrager irrigué. Le clone ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ a été utilisé et soumis à quatre niveaux de paillis biotique—PB (0, 5, 10 et 15 Mg ha⁻¹) dans un plan en blocs aléatoires avec quatre répétitions. Les traitements comprennent la cultivation du cactus fourrager avec le paillis de 0, 5, 10 et 15 Mg ha⁻¹. L'expérience a été menée dans un environnement semi-aride au Brésil (Serra Talhada, État du Pernambouc) sur deux cycles successifs (d'août 2020 à août 2022) dans le champ agricole de l'UFRPE/UAST. Le rendement, le temps de coupe, les indicateurs morpho-physiologiques, ainsi que les indicateurs économiques et d'utilisation de l'eau ont été évalués sur deux cycles. Il n'y a pas eu d'effet des niveaux de PB sur le rendement final du fourrage. Lors du premier cycle expérimental, le traitement avec 10 Mg ha⁻¹ de PB a avancé le temps de coupe de 103°C jour. L'application de 15 Mg ha⁻¹ de PB a prolongé la phase phénologique 2, entraînant une augmentation de 236°C jour du cycle par rapport au traitement avec 10 Mg ha⁻¹ de PB. Nous avons conclu que l'utilisation de paillis a amélioré les indicateurs économiques et hydriques de la culture, contribuant ainsi à une production fourragère durable dans les environnements semi-arides.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 3","pages":"1173-1192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of surface water dynamics and storage changes in a basin of Bundelkhand Region, India: Implications for water management","authors":"Dhyey Bhatpuria,&nbsp;Nitin Sharma,&nbsp;Giriraj Amarnath,&nbsp;Alok Sikka","doi":"10.1002/ird.3055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3055","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Surface water is essential for agricultural, domestic and industrial production worldwide. Monitoring surface dynamics is crucial for sustainable ecosystems and global water resources. Importance of monitoring surface water dynamics is even more pronounced in the semi-arid regions worldwide. An analysis of surface water extent and volume change patterns has been conducted, comparing these dynamics with alterations in precipitation patterns within a basin in Central Bundelkhand, a semi-arid region in the Central India prone to droughts. To map the waterbodies, we leveraged Sentinel-1 SAR data using an automated mapping framework and utilised DEM dataset to extract bathymetry using interpolation with modifications using water persistence. Analysis revealed a lag in surface water peak water level with respect to accumulated rainfall by 2–3 months. Furthermore, we have categorised the water bodies into small, medium and large by surface area and found that smaller water bodies show a higher intra-annual variance, while medium and large water bodies show a lower intra-annual variance. The findings suggest that smaller communities reliant on smaller water bodies are at a higher risk from climate variability in the region and a delay in attaining peak surface storage across the basin causes further challenges to water management.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Les eaux de surface jouent un rôle important dans l'agriculture, la production domestique et industrielle à l'échelle mondiale. La surveillance de la dynamique de surface est importante du point de vue des écosystèmes durables et des ressources en eau dans le monde entier. L'importance de la surveillance de la dynamique des eaux de surface est encore plus prononcée dans les régions semi-arides du monde entier. Le Bundelkhand est une région semi-aride du centre de l'Inde souvent en proie à des sécheresses. Nous avons analysé les schémas d'étendue et de changement de volume des eaux de surface et comparé la dynamique avec les changements dans les schémas de précipitations sur un bassin du centre du Bundelkhand. Nous avons exploité les données SAR de Sentinel-1 pour cartographier les plans d'eau de la région à l'aide d'un cadre de cartographie automatisé et utilisé l'ensemble de données DEM pour extraire la profondeur bathymétrique en utilisant l'interpolation avec des modifications utilisant la persistance de l'eau. Notre analyse a révélé un retard de réponse des eaux de surface par rapport aux précipitations de 2 à 3 mois. En outre, nous avons classé les masses d'eau en petites, moyennes et grandes masses d'eau selon le Centre national d'informatique de l'eau et avons constaté que les petites masses d'eau ont une variance intra-annuelle plus élevée et que les masses d'eau moyennes et grandes ont une variance intra-annuelle plus faible. Les résultats de l'étude suggèrent que les petites communautés qui dépendent de plans d'eau de petite taille sont plus exposées aux variations climatiques dans la région et qu'un retard d","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 5","pages":"1900-1909"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The harmful effects of drought stress on the camelina oil content and fatty acid composition can be alleviated by using potassium silicate","authors":"Amir Hosein Shirani Rad,&nbsp;Mohammad Malmir,&nbsp;Hamed Eyni-Nargeseh","doi":"10.1002/ird.3054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3054","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A factorial experiment with three replicates was designed to investigate the effects of potassium silicate (0, 1, 2 and 3 g L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) on camelina under three irrigation regimes (full irrigation, restricted irrigation from silicle formation and restricted irrigation from the beginning of flowering). Compared with full irrigation, restricted irrigation from the beginning of the flowering and silicle formation stages caused reductions of 5% and 11%, respectively, in the oil content and of 48% and 68%, respectively, in the oil yield (oil content 33% and oil yield 736 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;). The drought stress regimes increased the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, whereas the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, the PUFA/SFA (P/S) ratio and the monounsaturated fatty acid/SFA (M/S) ratio decreased. Under water-limited conditions, 3 g L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; potassium silicate significantly mitigated the negative effects of drought stress and increased the oil yield and content. Moreover, spraying 2 and 3 g L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; potassium silicate increased the PUFA, P/S and M/S but decreased the SFA. Erucic acid, which was increased by the restricted irrigation treatments, decreased in response to potassium silicate application. Overall, the application of potassium silicate is a suitable measure for camelina cultivation under water-limited conditions, as it mitigates the adverse effects of drought.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Une expérience factorielle avec trois répétitions a été conçue pour étudier les effets du silicate de potassium (0, 1, 2 et 3 g L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) sur la caméline dans le cadre de trois régimes d'irrigation (irrigation complète, irrigation restreinte à partir de la formation de silicules et irrigation restreinte dès le début de la floraison). Par rapport à l'irrigation complète, une irrigation restreinte dès le début de la floraison et de la formation des silicules a entraîné des réductions de 5% et 11% respectivement de la teneur en huile et de 48% et 68% respectivement du rendement en huile (teneur en huile: 32,97% et rendement: 736 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;). Les régimes de stress lié à la sécheresse ont augmenté la teneur en acides gras saturés (AGS), tandis que la teneur en acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI), le rapport entre les acides gras polyinsaturés et saturés (P/S) et le rapport entre les acides gras monoinsaturés et les acides gras saturés (M/S) ont diminué. Dans des conditions de ressources en eau limitées, 3 g L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; de silicate de potassium atténuaient considérablement les effets négatifs du stress causé par la sécheresse et augmentaient le rendement et la teneur en huile. De plus, la pulvérisation de 2 et 3 g L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; de silicate de potassium a augmenté le rapport entre les acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI), P/S et M/S, mais a diminué les acides gras saturés (AGS). L'acide érucique, qui a été augmenté par les traitements d'irrigation limités, a diminué en réponse à l'application de silicate de potassium. Dans l'ensemble, l'application","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 3","pages":"1296-1310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertain multi-objective programming approach for planning supplementary irrigation areas in rainfed agricultural regions","authors":"Rongchao Shi,&nbsp;Xiaobei Han,&nbsp;Wenzhong Guo","doi":"10.1002/ird.3051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rainfed agriculture is crucial for ensuring global food and water security, and supplementary irrigation is an effective means of improving the economic benefits in rainfed agricultural regions. This study proposes a novel uncertain optimization approach to optimize supplementary irrigation areas in rainfed agricultural regions. The approach incorporates multi-objective linear programming, interval linear programming, fuzzy goal programming and stochastic expected value programming. In the proposed interval multi-fuzzy goal stochastic expected-value programming, uncertainties are expressed in the form of discrete intervals, probability distributions and fuzzy goals. This approach, which considers the randomness of precipitation during the optimization process and allocates limited irrigation water resources to different subareas and crops, was applied to a case study of crop irrigation area planning in Guyuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, northwestern China. The maximum economic benefits and the minimum sum of the Gini coefficients among the different subareas and crops were regarded as the planning objectives, and a series of optimal irrigation areas with different crops and subareas under different water levels were obtained. The optimization results revealed that vegetables and fruits consumed large amounts of irrigation water to increase their economic benefits. In addition, allocating a large amount of irrigation water to wheat is essential to decrease the Gini coefficient and meet food security constraints, particularly at extremely low water levels. Compared with current management, the optimized irrigation area decreased by 30%, the crop water deficit index increased by 9%, the economic benefits increased by 3% and the total Gini coefficient of crops decreased by 17%, indicating that the optimization approach could fairly and reasonably allocate irrigation water resources. Our research provides a mathematical approach for decision-makers to plan supplementary irrigation areas in rainfed agricultural regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 3","pages":"1193-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird.3051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating the exploration of the optimal irrigation of spring wheat in drought areas based on SWAP model","authors":"Jianxin Jin,&nbsp;Yimin Ding,&nbsp;Boyan Sun,&nbsp;Saiju Li,&nbsp;Zheng Guo,&nbsp;Lei Zhu","doi":"10.1002/ird.3052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water scarcity and low irrigation efficiency are the main factors causing yield losses in spring wheat in arid areas. To propose optimised irrigation scheduling for spring wheat in the arid areas of Ningxia, China, we first calibrated the SWAP (soil–water–atmosphere–plant) model and then utilised the well-tested SWAP model during three typical rainfall years to evaluate the 542 irrigation schemes. The results showed that the model performed well in simulating the plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and biomass of spring wheat under different water stress conditions. The <i>R</i>² values of the above three crop growth indicators were all greater than 0.89, and the normalised root mean square error (NRMSE) was less than 18% in the validation period. Additionally, the model achieved a high degree of accuracy in simulating the soil water content, evapotranspiration and yield, with RMSEs of 2%, 31 mm, and 326 kg/ha, respectively. The total irrigation amounts of 290, 320 and 350 mm with five, six and six irrigation times in the wet, average, and dry years, respectively, could achieve relatively high yields as well as improved water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). The results can provide useful information for the efficient utilisation of irrigation water resources in arid areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 3","pages":"1215-1233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing flow heterogeneity in drip irrigation networks using genetic algorithms","authors":"Alejandro Tapia Córdoba,&nbsp;Jose Maria Manzano","doi":"10.1002/ird.3050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Irrigation based on non-compensated drip emitters is extremely common in agriculture, especially due to its simplicity, robustness and competitive cost. Nevertheless, because of friction losses in the pipe, together with irregular terrain, these systems often suffer from uneven water distribution in the drip emitters, which not only results in inefficient use of water resources but also might lead to inadequate irrigation in certain parts of the field. This work proposes to design the topology of the irrigation network to compensate for these discharge differences. To this end, a graph-based mathematical model is developed to determine the discharge flows at different emitters for any network topology. This model is employed to formulate an integer nonlinear optimization problem, for which a messy genetic algorithm is proposed. The methodology is validated on an example problem, which is based on a rectangular agricultural crop of 49 fruit trees. The results revealed a 70% reduction in the coefficient of variation of the irrigation discharge rates, which was employed as a metric of irrigation uniformity. This caused a 75% reduction in the water excess. The results demonstrate that the uniformity can be improved simply by choosing a proper connectivity layout to build the pipe network.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 3","pages":"957-969"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maize biomass yield variations due to diverse nitrogen applications using Aquacrop","authors":"Omid Mirzaee,&nbsp;Ali Rahimikhoob,&nbsp;Maryam Varavipour,&nbsp;Amin Seyedzadeh","doi":"10.1002/ird.3048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the quest to increase crop yields and production intensity to meet the demands of a growing global population, the responsible use of nitrogen (<i>N</i>) applications is paramount. Excessive application of these fertilizers results in economic losses, environmental pollution and reduced <i>N</i>-use efficiency. To address this challenge, precision agriculture techniques offer promising solutions. This study explored the relationships among applied <i>N</i>, maize crop parameters and the nitrogen nutrition index (<i>NNI</i>) to optimize <i>N</i> application usage and crop performance. The AquaCrop model was used to simulate water productivity and plant parameters accurately. The research establishes equations between the <i>NNI</i> and maize parameters, enabling the use of AquaCrop to simulate crop responses to varying <i>N</i> levels. The results demonstrate that AquaCrop effectively simulates more than 95% of the biomass changes. The findings suggest that applying <i>N</i> based on presented equations optimized the use of <i>N</i> applications, thereby mitigating economic losses and environmental impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 2","pages":"723-737"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}