Irrigation and Drainage最新文献

{"title":"Maximizing energy via solar-powered smart irrigation: An approach utilizing a single-axis solar tracking mechanism","authors":"Firas Basim Ismail,&nbsp;Muhammad Aqil Afham Rahmat,&nbsp;Hussein A. Kazem,&nbsp;Abdulkareem Sh. Mahdi Al-Obaidi,&nbsp;Muhammad Syauqi Ridwan","doi":"10.1002/ird.2937","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2937","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents and assesses the novelty of a cutting-edge solar-powered automated irrigation system that incorporates a single-axis solar tracker. The research entails the meticulous development of a prototype, followed by comprehensive experimental scrutiny spanning 3 days, from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM. In a unique approach, we benchmark the findings against previous research endeavours, highlighting the transformative potential of our innovative design.</p><p>Our innovative system harnesses a singular-axis solar tracking mechanism alongside moisture sensors and a water pump relay module, resulting in the creation of an autonomous irrigation system perpetually powered by solar energy. The results are noteworthy, showcasing the capability of a solar panel equipped with single-axis tracking to significantly boost photovoltaic output power. This configuration attains a remarkable 65% increase in total output power and a substantial improvement over the modest 52%–53% performance of fixed solar panels. This substantial divergence translates to a noteworthy 12%–13% difference in efficacy, underscoring the pioneering nature of our research.</p><p>The zenith of power output, ranging between 3.16 and 3.68 W, transpires from noon to 2:00 PM, further illustrating the system's viability. The integrated water pump exhibits commendable efficiency, attaining levels as high as 75%. This revelation underscores the transformative potential of automated irrigation systems endowed with single-axis solar tracking technology, auguring amplified system performance and heralding a new era of sustainable agricultural practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 3","pages":"829-845"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140443736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the change in the pH of water in a flow electric activator","authors":"Vladimir Storchevoy,&nbsp;Mikhail Belov,&nbsp;Dmitry Gurov,&nbsp;Yuri Sudnik,&nbsp;Nikolai Kabdin","doi":"10.1002/ird.2938","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2938","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil pH is important for favourable plant growth. The water used for irrigation must have an optimal pH value. Such water can be prepared by passing it through a flow electric activator. An experimental setup with a flow electric activator was created to control the pH value of the activated water. A mathematical model was developed to establish the relationship between the activated water pH value and the power supply voltage and the performance of the anode and cathode chambers. The pH value of activated water varies in direct proportion to the power supply voltage and is inversely proportional to the performance of the set chambers. The pH value of activated water can be adjusted by two parameters: the voltage of the power source and the water supply.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 4","pages":"1606-1614"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139958206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of inlet velocity on the hydraulic and filtering performance of a Y-type screen filter","authors":"Na Li,&nbsp;Junfeng Li,&nbsp;Liming Yu,&nbsp;Wenhan Yang,&nbsp;Xuelian Liu,&nbsp;Qiao Cheng","doi":"10.1002/ird.2932","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2932","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Uneven sediment distribution affected by inlet velocity, particle size distribution and flow field characteristics leads to local clogging in a Y-type screen filter. This study revealed the detailed flow field characteristics and distribution of sediments on the screen via computational fluid dynamics combined with the discrete element method (CFD–DEM) simulations and experimental tests. The results showed that the distribution of the flow rate on the filter screen was extremely uneven, with the maximum flow rate being 11.72 times greater than the minimum rate. The flow rate was distributed symmetrically on the two sides along the outlet centreline, as shown by the unfolded drawing of the filter core. Numerical simulation and experimental tests using sandy water showed that the number and average particle diameter on the screen decreased, and the number and average particle diameter in the plug increased, with increasing inlet velocity. The sediments on the screen were distributed intensively, and the plugging extent coefficient and the anti-clogging performance improved. However, this process was more likely to cause local clogging and worsen the filtration performance. Therefore, low-speed filtering should be applied if the filtering effect is needed, and high-speed filtering should be applied if the filtering efficiency is favourable but the flushing frequency increases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 3","pages":"799-812"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restructuring the Knowledge Platforms of ICID","authors":"Ashwin B. Pandya","doi":"10.1002/ird.2935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2935","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 1","pages":"378-380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139744901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest editors and referees 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ird.2936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2936","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 1","pages":"381-384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139744902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to commentary by Offer Rozenstein on ‘Is the crop evapotranspiration rate a good surrogate for the recommended irrigation rate?’","authors":"Shmulik P. Friedman","doi":"10.1002/ird.2865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2865","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;I thank Offer Rozenstein for his commentary, and I agree with most of the things he wrote, those that refer to the original article (Friedman, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) and those that are not directly related to its main idea. The main idea of that short article was that optimal irrigation (from an agronomic or economic point of view) is usually at a rate higher or lower than the actual evapotranspiration (ET&lt;sub&gt;c act&lt;/sub&gt;) rate of the crop (Rozenstein agrees with this main idea).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For example, Figure 1 displays the water consumption (ET&lt;sub&gt;c act&lt;/sub&gt;) of cotton (cv. &lt;i&gt;Pima&lt;/i&gt;) that Rozenstein et al. (&lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;) estimated by remote sensing of plant indices, in very good agreement with ground measurements using the eddy covariance method. Also displayed in this figure are the daily irrigation dose recommendations (in terms of &lt;i&gt;K&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt; to be multiplied by ET&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;) of the Israeli Extension Service (IES) for that region, which were higher during most of the irrigation season and amounted to seasonal irrigation that was about 10% higher than the evaluated estimated crop evapotranspiration (until day of year [DOY] 227). The question arises: Are the recommendations of the IES higher than the (agronomical or economical) optimal irrigation rate? The answer is probably: No. Irrigation according to the IES recommendations which are at a multi-annual average rate of about 490 mm per season results in a yield of about 5300 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; and an income of about $15,900 ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; (current cotton market price is about $3 kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;). According to the cotton yield–irrigation production functions under various conditions (Dağdelen et al., &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; Shalhevet et al., &lt;span&gt;1979&lt;/span&gt;; Wanjura et al., &lt;span&gt;2002&lt;/span&gt;), it seems that reducing the seasonal irrigation amount by about 10% would have reduced the yield by about 5% and the grower's profit by 4%, $650 ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; (accounting for only the cotton market price and irrigation water price of ~ $0.3 m&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt;). And what about the seasonal course of the irrigation dose recommended by the IES concerning the seasonal course of the crop's water consumption? Does it make sense to irrigate at rates higher than the actual ET at earlier stages and lower than the ET towards the end of the growing season (until eventually stopping irrigation at 30%–40% open bolls)? Yes, that makes sense. In the first growth stages, the root systems are small and cannot take up most of the water supplied from the point sources in drip irrigation, so it is necessary to irrigate in excess. It is also necessary to prevent the accumulation of harmful salinity. On the other hand, towards the end of the growing season, the available water in the soil profile can be utilized and it can be dried. In the case of cotton, in addition to water saving, the activation of water stress may improve fibre quality and promote natural defoliation resulting in a more efficient and effective h","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 1","pages":"375-377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird.2865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139744900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of soil moisture using machine learning techniques: A case study of an IoT-based irrigation system in a naturally ventilated polyhouse","authors":"Lakshmi Poojitha Challa,&nbsp;Chandra Deep Singh,&nbsp;Kondapalli Venkata Ramana Rao,&nbsp;Anakkallan Subeesh,&nbsp;Mandru Srilakshmi","doi":"10.1002/ird.2933","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2933","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The agricultural sector faces a massive challenge in enhancing food production for the growing population with limited water resources. For effective and optimum utilization of fresh water, developing smart irrigation systems based on the internet of things (IoT) is essential for scheduling irrigation based on crop water requirements. In this study, an IoT-based irrigation system was developed and evaluated inside a greenhouse located in the experimental fields of Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering (ICAR-CIAE), Bhopal, India. Data on microenvironmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, soil temperature and soil moisture were collected from the sensors developed inside the greenhouse. Soil moisture was predicted based on the field data collected via different machine learning techniques, such as the decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), multiple linear regression (MLR), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), K-nearest neighbour (KNN) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods, with three input combinations. The ANN (coefficient of determination [<i>R</i>²] = 0.942, 0.939) models performed well but were found to be less effective than the RF (<i>R</i>² = 0.991, 0.951) and XGB (<i>R</i>² = 0.997, 0.941) models in the training and testing phases, respectively. The RF and XGB models outperformed the other models, while the MLR (<i>R</i>² = 0.955, 0.875) technique underperformed. With respect to both the testing and training datasets, the models trained with all four inputs outperformed the models trained with two or three inputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 3","pages":"1138-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139791644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing zero-till direct seeding at variable water stress levels compared to traditional puddled transplanting of rice under groundwater-fed irrigation systems in north-west India","authors":"Satyendra Kumar,&nbsp;Bhaskar Narjary,&nbsp;Kalpana Paudyal,&nbsp;Rajender Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Sushil Kumar Kamra","doi":"10.1002/ird.2930","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2930","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Irrigation of rice using groundwater is considered one of the main contributors to north-west India's declining water level. The present study hypothesizes that zero-till direct seeding of rice (ZTDSR) with the optimum irrigation schedule may reduce irrigation compared to puddled transplanted rice (PTR). Crop growth stage-dependent predefined soil matric potential (SMP), that is, −15, −30 and −45 kPa based irrigation schedules either during the entire growing period or their combinations during the vegetative phase in ZTDSR, were compared with PTR for two consecutive seasons. The results showed that irrigation in ZTDSR at lower SMP at any growth stage caused adverse effects on yield. Irrigation at −15 kPa during the entire crop season with straw mulch was found to be the best schedule for ZTDSR. ZTDSR with −15 kPa irrigation, however, saved 36.2 cm of water and recorded higher water productivity but produced 20% less grain yield over the prevailing PTR. A higher groundwater system loss (GWSL) was found in the PTR (29.2 cm) than in the best ZTDSR (23.6 cm) schedule, which indicates better groundwater management in the ZTDSR than in the PTR. Hence, the ZTDSR has the potential to save irrigation, achieve higher water productivity and manage the depletion of groundwater resources in rice–wheat dominant north-west India.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 3","pages":"928-943"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of loss in arable land and irrigation requirements using high-resolution imagery and Google Earth Engine","authors":"Majid Farooq,&nbsp;Fayma Mushtaq,&nbsp;Ubaid Yousuf","doi":"10.1002/ird.2931","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2931","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water resources planning and management are critical in intricate basins such as the Indus Basin, shared by India and Pakistan under the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) for food security, conserving the environment, sustainable economic development and supporting livelihoods. The present study assesses arable land loss within the Padshahi and Sindh Extension (SE) canal catchments over 54 years, utilizing high-resolution satellite imagery and Google Earth Engine's normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derivations for strategizing irrigation efficiency, minimizing water loss and ensuring sustainable utilization of limited water resources under the IWT. Results revealed that irrigated land has decreased from 5127 ha (1966) to 3501 ha (2020) in both canals. The Padshahi canal sees substantial loss (1278 ha), primarily due to the highest transitions from agricultural land/crop land (−69%) to built-up areas. The SE canal, experiencing shifts to horticulture and plantation, records relatively fewer changes in built-up areas (348 ha). The monthly variation in the NDVI clearly depicted the high demand for irrigation to cater to agricultural lands with the onset of the sowing season for paddy in the Padshahi (1900 ha) and SE (2600 ha) canals in May.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 3","pages":"1151-1167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140478779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling land suitability and development potential options for irrigable and rainfed agricultural scenarios in Ethiopia","authors":"Hailu Shiferaw Desta","doi":"10.1002/ird.2929","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2929","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite being a significant sector in Ethiopia, agriculture is mainly run in rainfed system. However, it is imperative to look for irrigation systems and their suitability to the country's agriculture. The study's objectives were to (1) map areas appropriate for irrigable and rainfed agriculture and examine gaps with current active areas, (2) model possible development for irrigation and rainfed scenarios, and (3) offer evidence-based decision support for agricultural investment. Land features, agroecology, population density, market accessibility and length of growing seasons were considered as important indicators when determining land suitability for each scenario. Geographically weighted regression was used to model these indicators. The results show that approximately 359,360 (34%) and 13,802 km² (1.6%) are highly suitable areas for irrigation and rainfed agriculture, respectively. However, Ethiopia's production depends on areas moderately suitable for rainfed agriculture, but these areas are highly suitable for irrigation rather, indicating that it is unfortunate that the areas suitable for irrigation are used for rainfed agriculture so far. In terms of development potential, areas of approximately 71,317 (7%) and 347,435 km² (33%) had the highest and a high irrigation potential, respectively, while areas with rainfed agriculture had approximately 33,821 (3%) and 105,013 km² (10%) with the highest and a high development potential, respectively. These analyses suggest that the country has untapped potential for agricultural development in both scenarios, but this remains within the scope identified in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 3","pages":"1168-1191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140480286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}