Irrigation and Drainage最新文献

{"title":"Effects of urea fertilizer and nettle extract on the biochemical and morphological characteristics of ornamental peppers (Capsicum frutescens L.) under deficit irrigation conditions","authors":"M. Keten Gokkus","doi":"10.1002/ird.3049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nettle extract, urea fertilizer and deficit irrigation on the biochemical and morphological characteristics of ornamental peppers. The study consisted of two irrigation (I) treatments (100% irrigation (I100) and 50% irrigation (I50)) and four fertilizer treatment groups (urea fertilizer: U; nettle extract applied through soil: SN; foliar nettle extract application: LS). The highest fruit weight was obtained in the U treatment, whereas the highest plant height and plant diameter were obtained in the LS and SN treatments. The fruit weight in SN was 18% lower than that in U. Capsaicin concentrations were highest in the LS treatment (1132.8 mg kg⁻¹) and lowest in the U treatment (286.4 mg kg⁻¹). The ascorbic acid concentration was highest in the I treatment (84.9 mg 100 g⁻¹) and lowest in the LS treatment (49.9 mg 100 g⁻¹). The total phenolic compound (TPC) content was highest in the U treatment (399.7 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹, GAE: gallic acid equivalents; the total phenolic content was expressed as gallic acid equivalents in mg·100 g⁻¹ wet weight) and lowest in the LS treatment (304.97 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹). As a result, nettle extract alone is insufficient to achieve high yields, but when it is applied together with urea fertilizer, it increases yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 2","pages":"600-614"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird.3049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can molecular oscillation technology be used as an alternative to acid injection to prevent the clogging of emitters in drip irrigation systems?","authors":"Servet Tekin,&nbsp;Attila Yazar","doi":"10.1002/ird.3046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, molecular oscillation technology (Merus ring), developed to prevent calcification, biofilm formation and corrosion in piping in industrial water treatment systems, was compared as an alternative to acid injection to prevent the clogging of emitters by chemicals, and fresh and saline water were compared on the basis of system performance parameters (coefficient of variation, distribution uniformity, Christiansen uniformity, emission uniformity) and economic aspects. The results revealed that both acid injection and the Merus ring in saline and fresh water resulted in significantly higher average emitter flow rates than the control treatment. Both the Merus ring and the acid injection achieved higher performance parameters with fresh water than with saline water. Acid injection was found to be more effective in preventing clogging of the emitters than the Merus ring when saline water was used. Compared with fresh water, saline water increases emitter clogging. The economic analysis revealed that the Merus ring was more economical ($204.3 ha⁻¹) than acid injection with both fresh water ($318.2 ha⁻¹) and saline water ($578.6 ha⁻¹). Therefore, the Merus ring could be a reliable and environmentally friendly alternative to acid injection to prevent the clogging of emitters in drip systems when saline water is used.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 2","pages":"586-599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird.3046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greywater irrigation of pepper plants: Possible application and its impact on soil and plant growth","authors":"Neveen Shqerat,&nbsp;Jalal Al-Tabbal","doi":"10.1002/ird.3045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Greywater reuse may be considered a water source that can compensate for water scarcity. Reusing treated greywater on fields instead of disposing of it would be more environmentally friendly. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological response of pepper plants to the application of both untreated and treated greywater. The greywater obtained from Al-Huson University College was treated with zeolite filters before being used for plant irrigation in the experiments. The electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDSs) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of greywater were all higher than those of tap water by 44%, 68% and 509%, respectively. The results demonstrated that plants irrigated with tap water and treated with greywater presented greater fruit and biological productivity than did those irrigated with untreated greywater. The use of treated greywater led to a notable 8.3% increase in overall chlorophyll levels. Irrigation of pepper plants with untreated greywater led to a 33% increase in electrolyte leakage. The plants irrigated with greywater presented the highest levels of proline and total soluble sugars. Compared with those in all the other water treatments, the plants irrigated with greywater presented significantly greater magnesium and salt concentrations. Typically, treated greywater has the most significant impact on agricultural productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 2","pages":"641-657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSING IMPACT OF IRRIGATION PROJECTS","authors":"Ashwin B. Pandya","doi":"10.1002/ird.3044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 4","pages":"1654-1656"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake, translocation and health risk assessment of nonylphenol in vegetables under reclaimed water irrigation","authors":"Yaqi Hu,&nbsp;Meng Ma,&nbsp;Lihui Gao,&nbsp;Wenyong Wu,&nbsp;Di Xu","doi":"10.1002/ird.3043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nonylphenol (NP) is one of the typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which can be harmful at very low concentrations. Municipal sewage and reclaimed water are its two main sources. EDCs can enter into the soil with reclaimed water irrigation and accumulate in plants, causing environmental and human health risks. The occurrence and migration of NP in soil-crop systems were studied by pot experiments of lettuce and eggplants simulating long-term irrigation with reclaimed water. The health risks were also evaluated. The experiments set treatments with different initial soil NP concentrations (0.28–6.42 mg/kg) and soil moisture (60%–90% field water capacity [FC]). After harvest, the NP in edible parts of lettuce and eggplants were 35.80–54.30 and 15.45–23.38 μg/kg, respectively. The residual amounts of NP in the soil-lettuce system and soil-eggplant system were limited with the residual rates of 0.9%–24.4% and 0.3%–14.5%, respectively. The results showed that the lettuce and eggplant tissues had the highest bioconcentration factors (<i>BCF</i>s) in 75% FC and the translocation factors (<i>TF</i>s) tended to decrease with the initial soil NP contents increased. The noncancer hazard quotients (<i>HQ</i>) for adults and children exposed to NP had the order of 10⁻⁵, which showed little health risk for reclaimed water irrigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 2","pages":"627-640"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Tambo Dam implementation as a flood control measure","authors":"Natsuki Yoshikawa,&nbsp;Naoko Koshiyama","doi":"10.1002/ird.3036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3036","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Recent climate change has resulted in severe and frequent natural disasters globally, prompting the need for adaptation to these events. As an adaptation measure, disaster prevention and mitigation using natural processes and mechanisms (or ‘green infrastructure’) have become widely recognized in many countries. Ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction has been promoted in Japan since 2015. The ‘Tambo Dam’, a flood mitigation project using paddy fields in which the authors have participated, has the potential to become one of the most extensive forms of green infrastructure in Japan. This study outlines the runoff control mechanisms of Tambo Dams, demonstrates their effectiveness in reducing flood damage at the watershed scale, and discusses two key factors for successful sustainable efforts: the design of appropriate runoff control equipment and administrative schemes that support incentives for the efforts of farmers. The results indicated that Tambo Dam implementation represented a crucial strategy for managing agricultural resources. The functionality of paddy fields could be preserved by managing them as Tambo Dams. This approach not only contributes to flood control but also ensures a swift return to rice cultivation during emergencies. Moreover, establishing a system akin to the Tambo Dam initiative of Mitsuke City, supported by the ‘Direct Payment Scheme for Multifunctional Activities’ for maintenance and management, could ensure the feasibility of Tambo Dam implementation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Les changements climatiques récents ont entraîné des catastrophes naturelles graves et fréquentes à l'échelle mondiale, ce qui a rendu nécessaire une adaptation à ces événements. En tant que mesure d'adaptation, la prévention et l'atténuation des catastrophes à l'aide de processus et de mécanismes naturels (ou « infrastructures vertes ») sont désormais largement reconnues dans de nombreux pays. La réduction des risques de catastrophe basée sur les écosystèmes (Eco-DRR) est promue au Japon depuis 2015. Le ‘barrage Tambo’, un projet d'atténuation des inondations utilisant des rizières auquel les auteurs ont participé, a le potentiel de devenir l'une des formes les plus étendues d'infrastructures vertes au Japon. Cette étude décrit les mécanismes de contrôler le ruissellement des barrages Tambo, démontre leur efficacité dans la réduction des dommages causés par les inondations à l'échelle du bassin versant et examine deux facteurs clés pour des efforts durables réussis: la conception d'équipements appropriés de contrôle du ruissellement et des systèmes administratifs qui soutiennent les incitations offertes aux agriculteurs pour leurs efforts. Les résultats ont indiqué que la mise en œuvre du barrage Tambo représentait une stratégie cruciale pour la gestion des ressources agricoles. La fonctionnalité des rizières pourrait être préservée en les gérant comme des barrages Tambo. Cette approche contribue non seulement à la maîtrise des inondations, mais assure égaleme","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 5","pages":"1854-1868"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of FAO dual Kc, Priestley-Taylor and flux variance similarity methods in partitioning evapotranspiration from flood-irrigated rice fields","authors":"Varaprasad Anupoju,&nbsp;BVN P. Kambhammettu,&nbsp;Srinivasa Rao Peddinti","doi":"10.1002/ird.3039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3039","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Accurate quantification of evapotranspiration (ET) and its bifurcation into productive transpiration (T) and unproductive evaporation (E) are essential for the successful implementation of sustainable irrigation practices. This study compares the performances of three distinct methods for partitioning ET into E and T fluxes from flood-irrigated rice fields. These methods include: i) the FAO dual Kc-ETo model, which utilizes Penman–Monteith (PM) estimates of reference ET and crop-specific scaling factors; ii) the Priestley-Taylor (PT) method, which relies on radiation-driven energy balance at the canopy surface; and iii) the flux variance similarity (FVS) method, which utilizes high-frequency eddy covariance (EC) measurements of carbon and water vapour fluxes. Meteorological, phenological and hydrological parameters were monitored over two winter seasons in a paddy field, replicating site-specific management strategies. The cumulative ETs obtained from the PM, PT and FVS methods were 445 mm, 300 mm and 356 mm, respectively, for season 1 and 428 mm, 321 mm and 375 mm, respectively, for season 2. The accuracy of the ET estimation and partition methods was assessed against independent measurements of ET and E using a lysimeter and a microlysimeter. The results demonstrated that the EC-based FVS method offers superior accuracy in both quantifying (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.67, RMSE = 0.70 mm) and partitioning (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.51, RMSE = 0.76 mm) ET fluxes, followed by the PM-based FAO dual Kc-ETo and PT methods. Evaporation accounted for 29 ± 5% of consumptive water use, highlighting an opportunity for the implementation of water-saving strategies, particularly during vegetative and transplantation stages. The findings of the path analysis indicate that vegetative and radiation factors influence ET variation, while meteorological and soil factors significantly impact T variation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Une quantification précise de l'évapotranspiration (ET) et de sa bifurcation en transpiration productive (T) et l'évaporation improductive (E) sont essentielles pour la mise en œuvre réussie de pratiques d'irrigation durables. Cette étude compare les performances de trois méthodes distinctes de compartimentage des flux ET en flux E et T des rizières irriguées par les inondations. Ces méthodes comprennent: i) le double modèle Kc-ETo de la FAO, qui utilize les estimations de Penman-Monteith (PM) de l'ET de référence et des facteurs d'échelle spécifiques aux cultures; ii) la méthode Priestley-Taylor (PT), qui repose sur un bilan énergétique irradié à la surface du couvert; et iii) la méthode de similitude de variance de flux (FVS), qui utilize des mesures de covariance de tourbillon à haute fréquence (EC) des flux de carbone et de vapeur d'eau. Les paramètres météorologiques, phénologiques et hydrologiques ont été surveillés pendant deux saisons d'hiver dans un champ de paddy, reproduisant les stratégies de gestion propres au site. Les évapotranspirations cumulatives obtenues","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 2","pages":"569-585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embracing complexities in agricultural water management through nexus planning","authors":"Mark D. Smith,&nbsp;Alok Sikka,&nbsp;Cuthbert Taguta,&nbsp;Tinashe L. Dirwai,&nbsp;Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi","doi":"10.1002/ird.3041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A major challenge for agricultural water management (AWM) in the 21st century is to feed a growing population in the face of increasing intersectoral resource competition, evolving diets, degradation, pandemics, geopolitical conflicts and climate change. This has to be achieved within the planetary boundaries and without compromising the livelihood and environmental (ecosystem) objectives linked to water, including provisioning, supporting and regulating services. This paper uses a systems and nexus lens to unravel the centrality and complexities in AWM, with particular emphasis on the interconnected dimensions and objectives of AWM, as well as its practices and technologies. AWM exists beyond water and food with linkages to human and environmental well-being. AWM needs to catalyse transformation and integrate approaches across systems, users and scales to meet its objectives in a changing climate. It must provide perspectives beyond productivity, managing water risks and safeguarding food security – as important as these are – and integrate our understanding of the interconnected climate, land, water, food and ecosystems to address planetary health outcomes. By doing so, AWM could catalyse contextualised, equitable, innovative solutions that acknowledge local socio-economic and institutional structures and limitations while catalysing sustainable development and climate resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 5","pages":"1695-1716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird.3041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model ensemble techniques of machine learning algorithms for soil moisture constants in the semi-arid climate conditions","authors":"Pelin Alaboz","doi":"10.1002/ird.3037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, the use of prediction models based on intelligent algorithms has become widespread in soil science. However, each algorithm has advantages and disadvantages, and variable results can occur on different datasets. The evaluation of ensemble techniques for solving these problems is the current approach. Water problems will arise due to global warming, and soil water will become more important. This study aims to evaluate the predictive accuracy of different machine learning algorithms (support vector machine regression (SVR), random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN), and multivariate linear regression (MLR)) and ensemble techniques (equal weight [EQ], Bates–Granger-BG), Granger–Ramanathan (GR), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC)) on the field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP) and available water content (AWC) of soils. As a result, higher prediction accuracy was obtained with the RF algorithm than with the value machine learning algorithm in the estimation of moisture constants. The coefficients of determination (R²) obtained for the prediction of FC, WP, and AWC via the RF algorithms were 0.624, 0.759 and 0.641, respectively. MLR had the highest error rate. Among the ensemble techniques, GR was the most successful. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC) values obtained from the estimation of FC, WP, and AWC with the GR model were 0.801, 0.894, and 0.801, respectively. The root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) values obtained in the estimation of the available water content with the MLR algorithm were 1.905 and 1.435, respectively, whereas these values were 1.173 and 0.767, respectively, when the GR model was used. As a result of the present study, better predictive results were obtained with ensemble techniques instead of evaluating the algorithms individually.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"74 2","pages":"529-540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird.3037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Special issue of Irrigation and Drainage with selected papers of the 25th Congress of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) on the theme “Tackling water scarcity in agriculture”","authors":"Ragab Ragab","doi":"10.1002/ird.3042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 5","pages":"1659-1662"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}