Journal fur Hirnforschung最新文献_第8页

LiCl-induced malformations of the eyes and the rostral CNS in Xenopus laevis. lcl诱导的非洲爪蟾眼部及喙侧中枢神经系统畸形。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

A Reichenbach, S Pritz-Hohmeier, H Michel, C R Malz, D L Meyer

{"title":"LiCl-induced malformations of the eyes and the rostral CNS in Xenopus laevis.","authors":"A Reichenbach, S Pritz-Hohmeier, H Michel, C R Malz, D L Meyer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Ocular malformations such as synophthalmia and cyclopia occur in all vertebrates including humans. We induced fused eye anlagen by exposure of Xenopus laevis embryos to dissolved LiCl. Three basic forms of malformations were observed in the rostral CNS; these represent major steps in a continuous sequence of ocular abnormalities: (i) \"hour-glass eyes\", (ii) synophthalmia, and (iii) cyclopia vera. The type of abnormity induced seemed to depend on the time and/or the dosage of LiCl exposure. In all cases studied, the histology of the retinae was normal. We reconstructed olfactory organs, eyes, and rostral portions of the CNS from serial sections of 16 Xenopus larvae. Our results confirm that defective bilateralization affects all parts of the rostral CNS and suggest that the telencephalon displays the weakest, and the eyes have the highest, resistance against midline fusion. Defective bilateralization also involves the pineal anlagen, as duplication or enlargement of the pineal organs occurred in most cases with ocular fusion. We conclude that LiCl-induced interferences with ontogenetic bilateralization of prosencephalic structures are the consequence of an elimination of an, as yet, undefined bilateralization signal from (ventral) midline structures of the neural plate and tube.","PeriodicalId":14790,"journal":{"name":"Journal fur Hirnforschung","volume":"38 1","pages":"35-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20016332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A common morphological response of astrocytes to various injuries: "dark" astrocytes. A light and electron microscopic analysis. 星形胶质细胞对各种损伤的常见形态学反应:“暗”星形胶质细胞。光镜和电子显微镜分析。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

Z Tóth, L Séress, P Tóth, C E Ribak, F Gallyas

{"title":"A common morphological response of astrocytes to various injuries: \"dark\" astrocytes. A light and electron microscopic analysis.","authors":"Z Tóth, L Séress, P Tóth, C E Ribak, F Gallyas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Our previous studies showed that neurons became argyrophilic following different kinds of brain injuries. In the present study we demonstrated that astrocytes could also become argyrophilic following compressive or concussive head injuries and following intraperitoneal administration of pentylenetetrazole or kainic acid. Furthermore the soma, nucleus and processes of these argyrophilic astrocytes were shown in other preparations to be hyper-basophilic with the light microscope, and hyper-electron dense and shrunken at the ultrastructural level. When the head injuries were inflicted either at the 15th min. of perfusion-fixation or at the 30th min. of transcardial perfusion with chilled physiological saline, several astrocytes also became argyrophilic, hyper-basophilic, shrunken and hyper-electron dense. These data indicate that (i) the intracellular pathological event in these astrocytes is similar to that of \"dark\" neurons or \"dark\" cells of non-neural tissues, (ii) the formation of \"dark\" astrocytes can be independent of the actual state of metabolism, and (iii) the \"dark\" morphological state of astrocytes might have a role in neuropathological processes.","PeriodicalId":14790,"journal":{"name":"Journal fur Hirnforschung","volume":"38 2","pages":"173-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20123550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neurokinin B receptor (NK3)-positive neurons expressing c-fos after chemical noxious stimulation on the peritoneum: a double staining study in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat. 神经激肽B受体(NK3)阳性神经元在腹膜化学有害刺激后表达c-fos:大鼠孤束核双染色研究。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

L W Chen, Z L Guan, Y Q Ding

引用次数: 0

Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist causes neurodegeneration in rat hippocampus. 1组代谢性谷氨酸受体激动剂引起大鼠海马神经变性。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

W Y Ong, V J Balcar

引用次数: 0

Glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin in radial glia of Ambystoma mexicanum and Triturus carnifex: an immunocytochemical study. 免疫细胞化学研究墨状瘤和肉黑麦径向胶质细胞中胶质原纤维酸性蛋白和波形蛋白。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

M Lazzari, V Franceschini, F Ciani

{"title":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin in radial glia of Ambystoma mexicanum and Triturus carnifex: an immunocytochemical study.","authors":"M Lazzari, V Franceschini, F Ciani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The molecular characterization of glial lineage cells in two urodele species, Ambystoma mexicanum and Triturus carnifex, has been investigated immunocytochemically with antibodies directed against intermediate filament proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. Ambystoma astroglia shows clear GFAP-immunopositivity and vimentin-immunonegativity. The condition in Triturus is quite the opposite, showing only a strong vimentin immuno-reaction. In these urodele brain the astroglia is represented by radial glial cells with their somata lining cerebral ventricles (tanycytes). Each of them originates a thick process which radially crosses the periventricular gray matter and branches within the neuropil. These glial fibers originate endfeet on the subpial surface and on blood vessel wall. Only in the spinal cord cell bodies of immunopositive radial glia are displaced from the ependyma of the central canal which is almost immunonegative except the tanycytes forming the dorsal and ventral septum. No mammalian-like astrocytes appear neither in brain nor in spinal cord. The interspecific difference in the intermediate filament protein expression in radial glial cells could suggest that as regards this character Triturus retains a more immature condition than Ambystoma.","PeriodicalId":14790,"journal":{"name":"Journal fur Hirnforschung","volume":"38 2","pages":"187-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20123519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The retinopetal visual system in the chameleon (Chameleo chameleon). 变色龙(变色龙)的视网膜视觉系统。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

M el Hassni, J Repérant, R Ward, M Bennis

引用次数: 0

Apoptosis is induced by excitotoxicity in goldfish retina. 兴奋性毒性诱导金鱼视网膜细胞凋亡。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

L Villani, T Guarnieri, G Dell'Erba

{"title":"Apoptosis is induced by excitotoxicity in goldfish retina.","authors":"L Villani, T Guarnieri, G Dell'Erba","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Apoptosis is an important mechanism of cell death that occurs physiologically during development. Recently, it has been shown that the selective pattern of neuronal degeneration in some brain disorders or in excitotoxic animal models, can reveal signs of apoptosis. This work produces evidence that kainic acid, a non-NMDA receptor agonist, induces apoptotic cell death in the goldfish retina. DNA breaks are in situ detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL). This reaction shows a large number of positive cells in the inner nuclear layer 48 hours after intravitreal kainic acid administration. TUNEL staining of apoptotic death was prevented by the non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) but not by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 administration. Ultrastructural changes that occur in kainic acid affected retinal neurons (hypercondensation and clumping of the chromatin and shrinkage of the cytoplasm) are consistent with those described in programmed cell death. Our results indicate that the excitotoxicity of intravitreally injected kainic acid causes the degeneration of those neurons in the goldfish retina, that underwent apoptotic death.","PeriodicalId":14790,"journal":{"name":"Journal fur Hirnforschung","volume":"38 4","pages":"481-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20402967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interlaminar astroglial processes in the cerebral cortex of non human primates: response to injury. 非人灵长类动物大脑皮层的层间星形胶质过程:对损伤的反应。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

J A Colombo, A Yáñez, S J Lipina

{"title":"Interlaminar astroglial processes in the cerebral cortex of non human primates: response to injury.","authors":"J A Colombo, A Yáñez, S J Lipina","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"At variance with the rodent, presence of long glial fibrillary acid protein-immunoreactive (GFAP-IR) astroglial processes traversing several cortical laminae (interlaminar processes) appears to be characteristic of the primate cerebral cortex. Their permanence or changes may constitute a significant factor in the functional alterations that develop after brain injury. The immediate and long term response of such astroglial processes to local application of KCl or lesioning, respectively, was analyzed in the striate cortex of adult Cebus apella monkeys. Intraparenchymal injection of 5 mM (within physiological range) or 50 mM (injury levels) KCl into the striate cortex of Cebus apella monkeys resulted three hours later in increased GFAP immunoreactivity in astroglial cells and processes, in the development of numerous foldings and thickenings of GFAP-IR filaments, as compared to mechanical lesioning alone. Such changes were not observed in a cortical region that approximately included laminae IV and V. These results suggest that the immediate GFAP-IR response to KCl cannot be solely explained on the basis of an exposure of new GFAP epitopes due to conformational changes following K-induced cell oedema, or to disaggregation of such filaments. Three months after mechanical lesioning of the frontal and striate cortex, interlaminar processes were absent up to 1.0 mm from the lesion site, and a predominant astrocytosis was present. Long term effects of mechanical lesioning on interlaminar processes resulted in a persistent reduction of these long processes in the vicinity of the lesion, suggesting a significant and prolonged alteration of the astroglial architecture in the adult primate cerebral cortex. It is speculated that these astroglial changes may bear a relationship with the functional alterations observed during the recovery process after brain injury.","PeriodicalId":14790,"journal":{"name":"Journal fur Hirnforschung","volume":"38 4","pages":"503-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20402970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An ultrastructural study of the innervation of the guinea pig pancreas. 豚鼠胰腺神经支配的超微结构研究。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

H P Liu, S S Tay, S K Leong

{"title":"An ultrastructural study of the innervation of the guinea pig pancreas.","authors":"H P Liu, S S Tay, S K Leong","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The present ultrastructural study investigated the innervation of the guinea pig pancreas, with special emphasis on the pancreatic ganglia and the sympathetic and parasympathetic boutons/terminals. The pancreatic ganglion cells, ensheathed in a thin layer of connective tissue, showed typical features of autonomic neurons. Each contained a prominent eccentric round nucleus with 1 to 5 nucleoli and a copious cytoplasm with many organelles. Synapses were scattered in the ganglion and were of the axodendritic type. Axosomatic synapses were not encountered even after examination of semiserial sections in one of the tissue blocks. Desmosome-like junctions (puncta adhaerentia) were found between somata of the ganglion cells, and between their dendrites, and also between somata of the ganglion cells and satellite cells. The sympathetic nerves supplying the pancreas were demonstrated by the 5-hydroxydopamine loading method. Axon terminals loaded with the false transmitter were filled with intensely stained small dense-cored vesicles. These were present in close contact with acinar cells, islet cells as well as smooth muscle cells of arterioles. No 5-hydroxydopamine loaded axon terminals or ganglion cells were observed within the ganglia. The preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibres supplying the pancreas traveling with the vagus nerve were studied by sectioning the left vagus nerve at mid-cervical level. Three to 7 days after left cervical vagotomy, degenerating axon terminals containing small spherical agranular vesicles, together with degenerating dendrites and neuronal somata showing electron dense cytoplasm were encountered within the pancreatic ganglion. The satellite cells were hypertrophied, showing a pale cytoplasm in which were embedded degenerating axon terminals and dendrites. In conclusion, the present study described the normal structure of pancreatic ganglia, provided ultrastructural evidence of the presence of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres in the pancreas of the guinea pig, and reported postsynaptic changes in the dendrites after mid-cervical sectioning of the left vagus nerve.","PeriodicalId":14790,"journal":{"name":"Journal fur Hirnforschung","volume":"38 1","pages":"107-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20015601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corpus callosum axons in the developing visual cortex of the gerbil revealed by DiI and Fluorogold. DiI和氟金对发育中的沙鼠视觉皮层胼胝体轴突的观察。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

H Hilbig, M Meier, E Winkelmann

引用次数: 0