Journal fur Hirnforschung最新文献_第10页

Morphological diversity of nitric oxide synthesising neurons in mammalian cerebral cortex. 哺乳动物大脑皮层一氧化氮合成神经元的形态多样性。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

X X Yan, L J Garey

{"title":"Morphological diversity of nitric oxide synthesising neurons in mammalian cerebral cortex.","authors":"X X Yan, L J Garey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Neocortical neurons that utilise nitric oxide (NO) differ in morphology in different mammalian species. In the present study we examine these differences in the neocortex of mouse, rat, guinea-pig, rabbit, cat and monkey using histochemistry for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) and immunocytochemistry for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA), calbindin (CB), parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR). NO neurons are non-pyramidal and can be divided into two distinct types, both of which react for NOS and NADPH-d. Type I neurons have a relatively large soma with heavy reaction product filling even the fine processes. They occur in all species, mainly near the border between the cortex and white matter, with fewer in the cortex, mostly in the superficial layers (II-IV). Type II cells are more numerous, smaller, and lighter in reactivity. They are in all species examined here except rodents, and in all cortical layers, but mainly layers II-IV. Most intracortical and some subcortical Type I neurons express GABA. A few intracortical Type I cells contain CB. All Type II cells express GABA and most also CB. Neither Type I nor Type II cells stain for PV or CR. We conclude that there is a tendency for a reduction of Type I cells, and increase of Type II, in mammalian neocortex with phylogeny.","PeriodicalId":14790,"journal":{"name":"Journal fur Hirnforschung","volume":"38 2","pages":"165-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20123548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pigmentarchitectonic subfields of the entorhinal region as revealed in tangential sections. 切向切片显示的内嗅区色素结构亚区。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

J Hanke, D M Yilmazer-Hanke

{"title":"Pigmentarchitectonic subfields of the entorhinal region as revealed in tangential sections.","authors":"J Hanke, D M Yilmazer-Hanke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The entorhinal region is an important center of the limbic system involved in many dementing disorders. The boundaries of the entorhinal region of the left and right hemispheres were investigated in tangential sections (5 individuals, age range 21 to 29 years). This method preserves the rostral portion of the entorhinal region which is usually lost in coronal sectioning. The sections were stained with the pigment-Nissl-method. The superficial cellular layer of the centromedial part of the entorhinal region consists of large heavily pigmented neurons forming islands clearly separated from each other. The anterior and posterior parts of the entorhinal region display an opposite pattern consisting of small islands and stripes with ill-defined boundaries. The islands contain small and sparsely pigmented neurons surrounded by large and well pigmented cells. Close to the adjacent proisocortex, the small cell containing islands confluent while the large and well pigmented neurons disappear. Hence, the medial side of the entorhinal region extends up to the uncus and the lateral side into the main branch of the rhinal sulcus. The entorhinal region covers the frontal portion of the parahippocampal gyrus up to the periamygdaloid cortex and the posterior part ends acute-angled within the medial portion of the parahippocampal gyrus.","PeriodicalId":14790,"journal":{"name":"Journal fur Hirnforschung","volume":"38 4","pages":"427-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20401830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cornu ammonis of the cat: lack of a separate field of CA2. 猫的谷氨酰胺:缺乏单独的CA2区。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

J Hirama, K Shoumura, N Ichinohe, S You, H Yonekura

引用次数: 0

Do microglial cells have a neuroprotective function? 小胶质细胞有神经保护功能吗?

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

B P He, S S Tay, S K Leong

{"title":"Do microglial cells have a neuroprotective function?","authors":"B P He, S S Tay, S K Leong","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the possible neuroprotective role of microglia after a peripheral nerve lesion, the present study used athymic mice shown to have a lower number of microglia to highlight some functions of microglia not normally obvious in animals with a normal number of such cells. Observation of semithin sections showed that unoperated 5-day-old athymic mice had a significant lower number of microglial cells around sciatic motoneurons, compared to their BALB/c littermates. After right sciatic nerve cut at mid-thigh level, motoneuron loss occurred faster at 5 and 10 days after operation in neonatal athymic mice than BALB/c mice. The motoneuron loss by 15 days after nerve cut was, however, the same in both strains of mice. Microglial reaction after sciatic neurectomy, as revealed by Mac-1 immunohistochemistry, was obviously less in intensity and number in athymic mice than in BALB/c mice. The results indicated a neuroprotective function of microglia, which, when not present in adequate numbers, could result in a faster motoneuron death. The study also showed that while microglia were reduced in number in athymic mice, there was no significant difference in the number of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord of the athymic mice, compared to that in BALB/c mice. This indicates that the development of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord may not be affected by a reduced number of microglia.","PeriodicalId":14790,"journal":{"name":"Journal fur Hirnforschung","volume":"38 3","pages":"309-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20281693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Localisation of glutamate receptors in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the monkey. 猴子黑质致密部谷氨酸受体的定位。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

W Y Ong, Y He, L J Garey

引用次数: 0

The dorsal tegmentum of the pontomesencephalic junction of the rat--immunohistochemistry (choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, substance P) and NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry in frontal and horizontal sections. 大鼠脑桥前部和水平切片的免疫组织化学(胆碱乙酰转移酶、酪氨酸羟化酶、P物质)和NADPH-diaphorase组织化学。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

V Nĕmcová, P Petrovický, H J ten Donkelaar

{"title":"The dorsal tegmentum of the pontomesencephalic junction of the rat--immunohistochemistry (choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, substance P) and NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry in frontal and horizontal sections.","authors":"V Nĕmcová, P Petrovický, H J ten Donkelaar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"37 complete frontal and horizontal series of rat brain were studied to compare the distribution of choline acetyltransferase- (ChAT), tyrosine hydroxylase- (TH), substance P- (SP), calbindin D- (Calb) and NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d)-positive cells within the cytoarchitectonic borders of the latero-dorsal tegmental nucleus (L-D) and its neighbourhood. We found the same distribution, number and morphology of NADPH-d-positive cells and ChAT-positive cells. Rostrally, there are no borders between NADPH-d-positive cells of L-D and NADPH-d-positive cells of the lateral part of the dorsal raphe nucleus. Only a few TH-positive cells are intermingled with ChAT/NADPH-d-positive cells at the lateral border of L-D. TH-positive cells are larger or the same size as cholinergic neutrons. Locus coeruleus and its rostral part is full of TH-positive cells and their fibres run ventromedially towards L-D. Barrington's nucleus appears in double staining (ChAT and TH or NADPH-d and TH) as an empty area bordered by ChAT- or NADPH-d-positive cells of L-D and TH-positive fibres of the locus coeruleus. Some of these fibres run through the Barrington's nucleus. The shape and size of SP-positive neurons is the same as ChAT- and NADPH-d-positive neurons. SP-positive neurons are sparsely distributed in all parts of L-D, but there are only a few SP-positive cells in its medial part. About 50% of the ChAT- and NADPH-d-positive cells are also SP-positive. Results are expressed by figures in three representative frontal sections and one horizontal section through the dorsal mesopontine tegmentum.","PeriodicalId":14790,"journal":{"name":"Journal fur Hirnforschung","volume":"38 2","pages":"231-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20123427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brain structure volumes in the mole rat, Spalax ehrenbergi (Spalacidae, Rodentia) in comparison to the rat and subterrestrial insectivores. 与大鼠和地下食虫动物相比，鼹鼠的脑结构体积。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

H D Frahm, G Rehkämper, E Nevo

{"title":"Brain structure volumes in the mole rat, Spalax ehrenbergi (Spalacidae, Rodentia) in comparison to the rat and subterrestrial insectivores.","authors":"H D Frahm, G Rehkämper, E Nevo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Natural blindness and a subterranean, digging mode of life demand peculiar adaptations of the central nervous system in the mole rat Spalax ehrenbergi, which are the focus of this quantitative investigation. Volumes of 25 brain structures in Spalax were evaluated allometrically, using the least encephalized mammalian species, the Madagassian hedgehog-like tenrecs (Tenrecinae) as a reference base, and their sizes compared with those of the rat (as a more generalized representative of rodents) and of some subterranean Insectivora. The allometric approach reveals that Spalax has a larger brain than tenrecs and the rat. Within the brain, the neocortex and diencephalon are well developed, an observation also made in other mammalian species with a relatively high encephalization. An unique feature in Spalax is the enlargement of motor structures of the brain, such as the cerebellum (and cerebellar nuclei), and the striatum. Most conspicuous is the large size of the nucleus motorius nervi trigemini, reflecting the importance of masticatory muscles for the special digging technique, which demand an intense use of the teeth for loosening the soil.","PeriodicalId":14790,"journal":{"name":"Journal fur Hirnforschung","volume":"38 2","pages":"209-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20123522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increase in extracellular calcium in the optic tectum of fish after optic nerve transection. 视神经横断后鱼视神经顶盖细胞外钙的增加。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

P Vöhringer, K H Körtje, H Rahman

{"title":"Increase in extracellular calcium in the optic tectum of fish after optic nerve transection.","authors":"P Vöhringer, K H Körtje, H Rahman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the extracellular distribution of cytochemically generated calcium reaction product in the denervated optic tectum of a cichild fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) was investigated. The left optic nerve had been transected and the fish (5 per experimental condition) maintained for 2, 10 and 21 days. The amount of the calcium-containing precipitates was estimated using energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) and image analysis. A special degeneration type of the optic terminals (neurofibrillar hypertrophy) was found which seems to be rare in other teleosts and was therefore chosen for quantification of the calcium deposits. These terminals are surrounded by astroglial processes and the calcium reaction product in the extracellular spaces between these glial processes and the terminals was measured and compared to normal optic terminals in nonoperated controls. A distinct and significant increase in the amount of calcium deposits was found 2 and 10 days after surgery which decreased to control levels after 21 days. This rise of deposits around the degenerating terminals was very local as arbitrarily selected extracellular spaces near these terminals showed values which were at the level of the nonoperated controls. Therefore, a transient and local increase in extracellular calcium precipitates was found after optic nerve transection which affected only the degenerating synapses.","PeriodicalId":14790,"journal":{"name":"Journal fur Hirnforschung","volume":"38 3","pages":"331-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20281696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) genotypes: influence on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities and neurotrophin 3 (NT3) concentration in human post mortem brain tissue. 睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)基因型对人死后脑组织胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性及神经营养因子3 (NT3)浓度的影响

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

J Thome, K Nara, P Foley, T Michel, W Gsell, W Retz, M Rosler, P Riederer

{"title":"Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) genotypes: influence on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities and neurotrophin 3 (NT3) concentration in human post mortem brain tissue.","authors":"J Thome, K Nara, P Foley, T Michel, W Gsell, W Retz, M Rosler, P Riederer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Cell culture and animal models suggest a significant influence of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on cholinergic neurotransmitter systems. We therefore conducted an explorative pilot study to investigate the influence of a null mutation allele of the CNTF gene on ChAT (choline acetyltransferase) and AChE (acetylcholine esterase) activities in various regions of human post mortem brain tissue. Additionally, we determined NT3 (neurotrophin 3) levels, a factor which exhibits neurotrophic properties at cholinergic neurons, and the concentration of which in these brain regions varies with CNTF genotype. Homozygous carriers of the mutation lack CNTF completely, whereas heterozygotes have a CNTF level which is about half that of non-carriers. There was a trend toward lower ChAT and AChE activity levels in the cingulate cortex in individuals homozygous or heterozygous for the mutation when compared with non-mutant individuals. Additionally, higher NT3 concentrations were found in this region, as well as in the frontal cortex and caudate nucleus. ChAT and AChE activities in the frontal cortex and caudate nucleus were not significantly linked to CNTF genotype. These results are, however, preliminary and need to be further explored. The individuals investigated were heterogenous with respect to a range of parameters; nevertheless, the hypothesis that genetic variants for neurotrophic factors play a role in diseases of neural development and plasticity deserves further examination.","PeriodicalId":14790,"journal":{"name":"Journal fur Hirnforschung","volume":"38 4","pages":"443-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20402963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrastructural analysis of inputs around the soma of an intra-cellularly labeled masseter muscle spindle afferent in cat mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus. 猫中脑三叉核细胞内标记咬肌纺锤体传入肌体细胞周围输入的超微结构分析。

Journal fur Hirnforschung Pub Date : 1997-01-01

J D Zhang, A Yoshida, Y Shigenaga

引用次数: 0