Nicole C McCann, Shapei Yan, Vanessa M McMahan, Emily Pope, Andrew Rolles, Sarah Brennan, Xochitl Luna Marti, Sarah Kosakowski, Phillip O Coffin, Alexander Y Walley
{"title":"Test-Retest Reliability of a Timeline Follow-back Method to Assess Opioid Use and Treatment.","authors":"Nicole C McCann, Shapei Yan, Vanessa M McMahan, Emily Pope, Andrew Rolles, Sarah Brennan, Xochitl Luna Marti, Sarah Kosakowski, Phillip O Coffin, Alexander Y Walley","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001451","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Calendar-based timeline follow-back (TLFB) instruments have been used to assess alcohol use, smoking, and other behaviors. We assessed test-retest reliability of an adapted TLFB addressing opioid-related outcomes over 120 days among opioid overdose survivors using nonprescribed opioids.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Repeated-dose Behavioral intervention to reduce Opioid Overdose Trial utilized a TLFB that collected data over the preceding 120 days. A subset of participants was administered a retest TLFB 3-21 days after their TLFB assessment. The test and retest assessed days of opioid and medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) use, hospitalization, residential substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, incarceration, and overdose during overlapping time periods. For outcomes reported by ≥15% of the sample, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated between test and retest. ICC > 0.9 was considered \"very high\" reliability. For outcomes reported by <15%, frequencies were described; statistical tests were not conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-seven participants completed a retest. On the test/retest, most participants reported opioid (87%/83%) and MOUD (58%/60%) use. Median (IQR) number of days of opioid and MOUD use on the test/retest was 71 (25-117)/86 (23-108) and 4 (0-72)/5 (0-79) days. ICC between test and retest was >0.9 for both opioid and MOUD use. On test/retest, few participants reported hospitalization (8%/9%), residential SUD treatment (3%/3%), incarceration (5%/7%), or overdose (4%/3%).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The adapted TLFB had very high reliability for self-reported opioid and MOUD use over 120 days. For less frequent outcomes, including overdose, a higher frequency or larger sample size is needed to assess reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to Martins et al.","authors":"Guilherme Borges, Ricardo Orozco, Corina Benjet","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001449","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001449","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kangwon Song, Megan E Amuan, Rachel Sayko Adams, Eamonn Kennedy, Adam J Gordon, Kathleen F Carlson, Terri K Pogoda, Eric G Meyer, Jerry Cochran, Christopher Spevak, Mary Jo Pugh
{"title":"Diagnosis of Alcohol Use Disorder and Deaths Related to Alcohol, Drug Overdose, or Suicide among Post-9/11 Active Duty Service Members and Veterans Following Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Kangwon Song, Megan E Amuan, Rachel Sayko Adams, Eamonn Kennedy, Adam J Gordon, Kathleen F Carlson, Terri K Pogoda, Eric G Meyer, Jerry Cochran, Christopher Spevak, Mary Jo Pugh","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001445","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is known, but the extent of TBI's role in developing AUD remains unclear. This study examines the association between TBI severity with subsequent AUD diagnosis, and hazard for death due to alcohol, drug overdose, or suicide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from a national US military/veteran cohort (October 1999-September 2016, followed until September 2020) were analyzed using Fine-Gray competing risk models to investigate the relationships between TBI exposure, subsequent AUD, and hazards of death due to specific causes (alcohol, drug overdose, or suicide).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TBI severity correlated with an increased likelihood of an incident AUD diagnosis: mild TBI (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-1.27), moderate-severe TBI (HR: 1.34, 95% CI 1.32-1.37), and penetrating TBI (HR: 1.90, 95% CI 1.86-1.94). For those who developed AUD, TBI was associated with a higher hazard of death from specific causes such as alcohol, drug overdose, or suicide (HR: 2.47 (95% CI 2.03-3.02) for mild TBI, 4.25 (95% CI 3.49-5.17) for moderate-severe TBI, and 3.39 (95% CI 2.80-4.13) for penetrating TBI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Veterans with TBI were more likely to develop AUD and experience increased mortality, even after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. Care strategies that are sensitive to the cognitive and/or emotional impairments associated with varying levels of TBI may lead to better outcomes, reducing both AUD and mortality rates. Further research is needed to develop evidence-based methods for integrating TBI and AUD care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Holliday Davis, Rachel French, Molly Crowe, Matthew Abrams, Grace Edwards, Shoshana Aronowitz, David S Mandell, Margaret Lowenstein
{"title":"Exploring Preferences for Communication and Care among Hospitalized Patients with Opioid Use Disorder: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.","authors":"M Holliday Davis, Rachel French, Molly Crowe, Matthew Abrams, Grace Edwards, Shoshana Aronowitz, David S Mandell, Margaret Lowenstein","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001443","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to explore hospitalized patient priorities for effective communication and care in opioid use disorder (OUD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this qualitative descriptive study, we conducted semistructured interviews from April to August 2022 focusing on communication values with inpatient care teams among hospitalized patients with OUD in Philadelphia, PA. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with thematic content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 3 key themes in the communication and care planning preferences of the 21 patients we interviewed: effectiveness, reciprocity, and empathy. Patients emphasized the need for clear, reliable, and frequent communication from healthcare providers, valuing collaborative dialog, shared decision making, and empathic nonstigmatized interactions that incorporated their prior experiences, full personhood, and current symptoms. Participants reported negative experiences with inconsistent or dismissive communication but appreciated care that incorporated their input and was nonjudgmental, fostering a sense of trust in their healthcare teams.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Effective, empathic communication, and shared decision making were favored by hospitalized patients with OUD and may be a way to improve treatment for hospitalized patients with OUD. Our findings underscore the need for stigma reduction strategies in clinical education and the expansion of both generalist resources for the treatment of OUD and specialized addiction care services.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Use of Extended-Release Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Adolescent Opioid Use Disorder: A Case Series.","authors":"Asha Neptune, Sivabalaji Kaliamurthy","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000001447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Opioid use disorder (OUD) is rising among adolescents, highlighting a need for additional treatment approaches in this population. Buprenorphine, a medication for opioid use disorder, is available in multiple formulations. Sublingual buprenorphine is approved for use in patients ages 16 and older. Extended-release buprenorphine is approved only for adults, and studies have not established the safety and efficacy of its use in adolescents younger than age 18. This case series reviews the medical records of adolescents with OUD receiving monthly extended-release buprenorphine subcutaneous injections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The electronic medical records of six adolescents, younger than 18 years, receiving monthly extended-release buprenorphine in an outpatient setting from February 2022 to April 2024 were reviewed. The primary outcomes of interest were treatment retention, complications, and opioid abstinence during treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients included in this case series ranged in age from 15 to 17 years at the onset of treatment. The majority of patients, four of the six, were female. At the conclusion of the chart review period in April 2024, all six patients remained on treatment with extended-release buprenorphine. The duration of treatment with extended-release buprenorphine varied among patients from 2 to 13 months. No significant complications were noted. Five patients achieved opioid abstinence for greater than 2 months during treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Treatment of OUD in adolescents remains challenging. This case series highlights a need for larger studies to establish the safety and efficacy of extended-release buprenorphine in adolescents younger than 18 years of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Letícia Braga Martins, Yngrid Braga de Sousa, Samara Alves de Matos Angelim, Fabio Gomes de Matos E Souza, Luísa Weber Bisol
{"title":"The Difficulties in Finding the Relevant Associations between Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and the Incidence of Suicide-Related Ideation and Behaviors in College Students.","authors":"Letícia Braga Martins, Yngrid Braga de Sousa, Samara Alves de Matos Angelim, Fabio Gomes de Matos E Souza, Luísa Weber Bisol","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001448","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001448","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas R Blue, Michael S Gordon, Frank J Vocci, Marc J Fishman, Shannon Gwin Mitchell, Kevin Wenzel
{"title":"A Naturalistic Study of Individuals Involved in the Justice System Who Experienced Both Formulations of Extended-release Buprenorphine.","authors":"Thomas R Blue, Michael S Gordon, Frank J Vocci, Marc J Fishman, Shannon Gwin Mitchell, Kevin Wenzel","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000001430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare participants' experiences on two different formulations of extended-release buprenorphine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were part of a larger parent study comparing Brixadi™ (extended-release buprenorphine), hereafter called Brixadi, to extended-release naltrexone. At the time, Brixadi, was not fully FDA approved, and because of medication supply issues, 12 individuals were switched to Sublocade™ (a different formulation of extended-release buprenorphine), hereafter called Sublocade, for one dose and then back to Brixadi. Ten of those individuals completed semistructured interviews regarding their experiences with each medication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In general, most participants preferred Brixadi, and most found Sublocade to cause more injection site pain/discomfort. Participants' experiences with respect to cravings, medication wearing off too soon, withdrawal symptoms, and perceived helpfulness with recovery are also discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients may prefer Brixadi to Sublocade because of injection site pain/discomfort. This could be mitigated with topical or subcutaneous anesthetics. Findings are mixed with respect to the effect of the medications on cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and the medication wearing off too soon. To address feelings of the medication wearing off too soon, patients could be given additional weekly doses of Brixadi (for patients on monthly doses of Brixadi) or supplemental sublingual buprenorphine (for patients on either Brixadi or Sublocade).</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaylee Larsen, Sydney Silverstein, Timothy Crawford, Shahidul Hassan, Nathaniel Mack, Tasha Perdue, Bradley Ray
{"title":"Categorizing Stigma as a Barrier to Support Following Nonfatal Overdose: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Kaylee Larsen, Sydney Silverstein, Timothy Crawford, Shahidul Hassan, Nathaniel Mack, Tasha Perdue, Bradley Ray","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000001436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Stigma is known to be a major barrier to treatment for people who use drugs (PWUD). This study uses the Stigma and Health Discrimination Framework to analyze how different forms of stigma shape experiences in the wake of an overdose incident, and perceptions of the efficacy and utility of postoverdose interventions among a sample of PWUD in Dayton, Ohio-a location with a high overdose rate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Interviews were conducted with 23 individuals who self-reported past-month illicit opioid, crack/cocaine, or methamphetamine use who had experienced or witnessed a drug overdose in the past 6 months. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed using Taguette software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Discrete forms of stigma were identified as barriers to postoverdose interventions intended to link PWUD with support and services to help them access treatment. Individuals identified experiences of enacted stigma through medical mistreatment, exploitation, and judgment. They identified anticipated stigma through mistrust and unsustainable treatment. Internalized stigma was identified through the effect of loss on mental health, feeling \"stuck,\" and the role of race on support-seeking behaviors. Experiences of structural stigma included desensitization of addiction as a disease and lack of feasible, long-term treatment options.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that enacted, anticipated, internalized, and structural forms of stigma act as barriers to the efficacy of postoverdose outreach programs, and the initiation and sustainability of treatment. Understanding how each form of stigma adversely impacts PWUD can improve public health and clinical interventions to reduce stigma and overdose death.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142920840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THC Ingestions and Child Protective Services: Guidelines for Practitioners.","authors":"Mical Raz, Josh Gupta-Kagan, Andrea G Asnes","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000001441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The decriminalization of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing products has resulted in an increased presence of these products in households. This increased presence, along with frequent use of product packaging that mimics recognizable and appealing treats, has led to a rise in accidental ingestions of THC-containing substances by children. Some clinicians and child protective services (CPS) professionals have recommended that every accidental THC ingestion by a child, irrespective of the circumstances, should be reported for investigation by CPS. We argue that this recommendation has the potential to waste scarce resources, harm families, and worsen current inequities in CPS reporting. We offer an alternative framework to this blanket recommendation that clinicians can employ when providing care to a child who has ingested THC.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mir M Ali, Erin A Taylor, Bradley D Stein, Yuji Mizushima, Denis Agniel, Jonathan Cantor
{"title":"Listings of Buprenorphine Offering by Substance Use Disorder Treatment Facilities and Waivered Clinician From July 2019 to May 2021.","authors":"Mir M Ali, Erin A Taylor, Bradley D Stein, Yuji Mizushima, Denis Agniel, Jonathan Cantor","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000001439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explores trends in buprenorphine availability at substance use disorder treatment facilities (SUDTFs) and by waivered clinicians during the pandemic. We also examined whether there were differences in access based on a county's metropolitan status and annual fatal drug poisoning rate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration' Behavioral Health Treatment Locator between July 2019 and May 2021 were used to calculate trends in SUDTFs offering buprenorphine and the number of waivered clinicians per 10,000 population. We calculated unadjusted trends over time, stratified by whether a county was above or below the annual median age-adjusted fatal drug overdose rate in that year and the county's metropolitan status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed an increase in SUDTFs and waivered clinicians offering buprenorphine before the pandemic, but the rate leveled off during the pandemic. On average, the increase in facilities was about 8 percentage points per year, and the increase in waivered clinicians was 0.29 per year. The percentage of SUDTFs offering buprenorphine peaked at 47%, and the number of waivered clinicians leveled off at 1.61 per 10,000 population.There were more SUDTFs and clinicians offering buprenorphine in metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan counties. There were also more SUDTFs and clinicians offering buprenorphine in counties above versus below median poisoning rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides insights into how buprenorphine availability changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and before the removal of the X-waiver in 2023. More outreach will be needed to encourage the offering of buprenorphine by SUDTFs and office-based clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}