ChemistrySelectPub Date : 2025-05-21DOI: 10.1002/slct.202500863
P. Divya, V. S. Jeba Reeda, A. Amala Jeya Ranchani, R. Shahidha, R. Suja, Saleem Javed, Nazia Siddiqui, Khaled Althubeiti
{"title":"Comprehensive Study of Ascorbic Acid with Solvent Interactions: Structural, Spectroscopic, and Biological Properties","authors":"P. Divya, V. S. Jeba Reeda, A. Amala Jeya Ranchani, R. Shahidha, R. Suja, Saleem Javed, Nazia Siddiqui, Khaled Althubeiti","doi":"10.1002/slct.202500863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202500863","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oxidoreductases are a diverse group of chemical molecules found in microorganisms, plants, animals, and so forth. These materials participate in reactions that involve electron relocation, proton/hydrogen elimination by facilitating the exchange of electrons. The investigation into the molecular structure of ascorbic acid (ASBA) employed a range of spectroscopy approaches. Geometrical characteristics were optimized, and vibrational frequencies were determined using DFT wherein study analyzed the differences in geometries resulting from the replacement of the electronegative atom and the intramolecular interactions also in vibrational study red shifting happens because of intramolecular C-H···O interaction. ASBA exhibits energy gaps in solvents as 5.4 eV, ethanol 5.1 eV, heptane 5.16 eV, and methanol 5.20 eV and experimentally value is 5.1 eV. The C─H···O interaction significantly influenced the topological analysis, including ELF, RDG, LOL yielding positive outcomes. Docking study against oxidoreductase protein, 5ZLG, revealed good binding. Subsequent molecular dynamic modeling demonstrated fluctuations in the RMSD of 5ZLG protein, ranging from 2.9 to 7.5 nm furthermore in MMPBSA average effective free energy is −0.21 ± 3.17 kcal/mol. ASBA for PC1 and PC2 range from approximately −10 to 7.5 and from approximately −10 to 3.5, respectively, combined with FEL has Gibbs free energy ranged from 0 to 14 kJ/mol.</p>","PeriodicalId":146,"journal":{"name":"ChemistrySelect","volume":"10 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemistrySelectPub Date : 2025-05-21DOI: 10.1002/slct.202501554
Igor A. Zayakin, Alexander A. Korlyukov, Mikhail A. Syroeshkin, Evgeny M. Kadilenko, Nina P. Gritsan, Evgeny V. Tretyakov
{"title":"A Phosphinonitronyl Nitroxide","authors":"Igor A. Zayakin, Alexander A. Korlyukov, Mikhail A. Syroeshkin, Evgeny M. Kadilenko, Nina P. Gritsan, Evgeny V. Tretyakov","doi":"10.1002/slct.202501554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202501554","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitronyl nitroxides are widely used in chemistry, physics, and materials science because of their inherently high reactivity and magnetic activity, but the synthesis of C(2)-organoelement derivatives is still a challenge. This paper describes effective synthesis and properties of the first nitronyl nitroxide carrying an additional redox-active phosphine group, namely 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-imidazole-3-oxide-1-oxyl-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxa-8-phosphaadamantane. This phosphinonitronyl nitroxide was prepared by reacting lithiated nitronyl nitroxide with 8-bromo-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,4,6-trioxa-8-phosphaadamantane. The paramagnet was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electron spin resonance (ESR), infrared, and UV/vis spectroscopy supported by quantum chemical calculations. Molecular and crystal structure of the phosphinonitronyl nitroxide was established by X-ray structural analysis. ESR spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations proved spin delocalization onto the phosphorus atom. According to the cyclic-voltammetry data, oxidation of the phosphinonitronyl nitroxide takes place quasi-reversibly at <i>E</i><sub>1/2</sub> = 0.76 V, and its reduction occurs chemically and electrochemically reversibly at <i>E</i><sub>1/2</sub> = −0.95 V (rel. Ag/AgCl).</p>","PeriodicalId":146,"journal":{"name":"ChemistrySelect","volume":"10 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemistrySelectPub Date : 2025-05-21DOI: 10.1002/slct.202500890
Hanene Nessaibia, Dr. Oussama Khaoua, Dr. Faouzi Guenadil, Pr. Abdelatif Messaoudi, Pr. Noura Benbellat
{"title":"Green Synthesis, Drug Design, In Vitro Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities, DFT Analysis, and MD Analyses of Two N-Naphthoyl Benzoxazolone and Benzothiazolone Derivatives","authors":"Hanene Nessaibia, Dr. Oussama Khaoua, Dr. Faouzi Guenadil, Pr. Abdelatif Messaoudi, Pr. Noura Benbellat","doi":"10.1002/slct.202500890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202500890","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents the synthesis of N-naphthoyl-2(3H)-benzoxazolone (<b>4a</b>) and N-naphthoyl-2(3H)-benzothiazolone (<b>4b</b>) using an eco-friendly method with montmorillonite K10 as a catalyst under ultrasound irradiation. The approach follows green chemistry principles and offers a sustainable route for drug development. The reactions produced high yields in a short time. Structural confirmation was achieved through FT-IR, NMR, and GC-MS. In vitro antibacterial tests showed that <b>4b</b>, being more reactive, is more potent against <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>. Its smaller HOMO-LUMO gap energy and higher electron affinity enhance its interactions with bacterial cells. Additionally, <b>4b</b> exhibited slightly better antioxidant activity than <b>4a</b> in the DPPH assay. Molecular docking studies showed strong binding to nitric oxide synthase (1M8D) and dihydropteroate synthase (3TZF) enzymes. DFT analyses revealed valuable insights into their chemical reactivity, while SwissADME analysis highlighted favorable physicochemical properties. Further optimization, solubility improvements, and in vivo testing are needed to fully explore their therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":146,"journal":{"name":"ChemistrySelect","volume":"10 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sulfate and Functional Groups Modify the Helical Conformation of Iota -Carrageenan Insight Difference in the Biological Activities","authors":"Vinod Balakrishna, Ganesan Mohan, Cheettayil Kavungal Vishnu, Dhanya Punjamgod, Rathinam Raja, Kulanthaiyesu Arunkumar","doi":"10.1002/slct.202500837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202500837","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The biological activity of seaweed sulfated polysaccharides depends on chain length, functional groups, and molecular weight, but their structural dynamics in solution projecting functional groups for bioactivity remain unexplored. This study evaluated the biological activity of <i>ι</i>-carrageenan fractions extracted from red seaweed, <i>Solieria robusta</i>, based on sulfate content and helical conformation. The extracted <i>ι</i>-carrageenan was dialyzed into three fractions (<3.5, 3.5–14, and >14 kDa), with the >14 kDa fraction further hydrolyzed into sub-fractions. Sulfate content was highest in the extracted <3.5 kDa, followed by >14 kDa and 3.5–14 kDa, while bioactivity was highest in 3.5–14 kDa. HeLa cell cytotoxicity was also highest in extracted 3.5–14 kDa, with the lowest IC<sub>50</sub> value. FTIR confirmed <i>ι</i>-carrageenan and sulfate groups (830 cm<sup>−</sup>¹) in all fractions. AFM showed high bioactivity in sulfate-rich fractions with packed helices, while hydrolyzed fractions had irregular folding and low bioactivity. This study concludes that the bioactivity of carrageenan fractions depends on chain length, sulfate, and functional group intactness, and their associated dynamic helical conformation. The 3.5–14 kDa fractions of <i>ι</i>-carrageenan, with high sulfate content and distinct helical conformation with regular average folding, showed good cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, making it a promising material for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":146,"journal":{"name":"ChemistrySelect","volume":"10 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanowire NiCo-LDH/Mn3O4/rGO Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors towards Excellent Electrochemical Performance","authors":"Judong Guo, Meini Yuan, Rui Wang, Lezhang Yin, Zihe Xu","doi":"10.1002/slct.202501222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202501222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Manganese-based materials are widely used as the study of supercapacitor electrode materials due to their high theoretical specific capacitance and abundant resources. At the same time, graphene as a highly conductive material has also attracted considerable attention in the field of electrode materials. In this study, one-step hydrothermal method was used to prepare a novel nanowire-like NiCo-LDH/Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/rGO electrode material by growing NiCo-LDH/Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanowires on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets. Nanowire and nanonet NiCo-LDH/Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/rGO electrode materials were prepared by controlling the reaction time. When the reaction time was 6 h, the nanonet NiCo-LDH/Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/rGO-6 electrode material composed of a large number of interlocking growing nanowires exhibited excellent electrochemical performance. At a current density of 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>, it achieved a high specific capacitance of 1582 F g<sup>−1</sup>. After 4000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g<sup>−1</sup>, it retained 87.2% of its capacitance. The asymmetric NiCo-LDH/Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/rGO-6//AC device assembled with a working voltage of 1.6 V exhibited a high energy density of 32.7 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density of 1293 W kg<sup>−1</sup>. After 5000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>, the capacitance retention rate was as high as 92.4%.</p>","PeriodicalId":146,"journal":{"name":"ChemistrySelect","volume":"10 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemistrySelectPub Date : 2025-05-20DOI: 10.1002/slct.202500582
Ali H. Khalbas, Talib M. Albayati, Issam K. Salih, Hasan Sh. Majdi
{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Amine-Functionalized KIT-5 and KIT-6 Mesoporous Silica as Carriers for Lornoxicam Adsorption and Release","authors":"Ali H. Khalbas, Talib M. Albayati, Issam K. Salih, Hasan Sh. Majdi","doi":"10.1002/slct.202500582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202500582","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this research, Mesoporous silica KIT-5 and KIT-6 were prepared using template sol–gel method. The synthesized particles were functionalized through post-grafting method with (3-Aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS) to form (KIT5-NH<sub>2</sub>) and (KIT6-NH<sub>2</sub>) as carriers for lornoxicam (LOX) loading and release. The biocompatibility of synthesized materials was investigated by employing MTT assay with the use of normal rat embryo fibroblast cell line (REF). The results showed that, when unmodified KIT-5 and KIT-6 were used, the amount of LOX adsorbed was negligible, with no scientific value. In contrast, the loading efficiency of LOX increased to reach the maximum value of 59.8% and 72.5% in the case of using modified KIT5-NH<sub>2</sub> and KIT6-NH<sub>2</sub>, respectively. The loading process was found to follow Langmuir and Temkin isotherms, with a maximum adsorption capacities of 25.87 and 43.23 mg/g for KIT5-NH<sub>2</sub> and KIT6-NH<sub>2</sub>, respectively. In addition, the adsorption kinetics of LOX fit very well with a model of pseudo-second-order. The release profile revealed a combination of initial burst release and prolonged sustained release, with the maximum LOX release of 56.43% and 61.95% at pH 7.4 compared to only 39.15% and 46.97% at pH 1.2 for KIT5-NH<sub>2</sub> and KIT6-NH<sub>2</sub>, respectively. In addition, The release process followed the Higuchi model with predominant Fickian diffusion. Cytotoxicity tests showed over 90% cell viability, confirming the carriers' biocompatibility and potential for drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":146,"journal":{"name":"ChemistrySelect","volume":"10 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of Indole Derivatives Containing Thiadiazole and Urea Motifs","authors":"Guiyun Wu, Nianlin Feng, Yue Zhou, Chengpeng Li, Xue Yang, Zhurui Li, Chenchen Li, Danping Chen, Zhenchao Wang","doi":"10.1002/slct.202500692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202500692","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A series of novel indole derivatives incorporating urea structural fragments and 1,3,4-thiadiazole moieties (<b>E1-25</b>) were designed and synthesized. The antiproliferative activity of these compounds was assessed using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay in four human cancer cell lines, human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 (A549), prostate cancer cells PC-3 (PC-3), human chronic myeloid leukemia cells (K562), human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line (5637). The results revealed that several compounds exhibited antiproliferative activity, with compound <b>E25</b> showing promising activity against K562 cells, with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 9.42 µM. The mechanism of action of compound <b>E25</b> was further investigated using apoptosis analysis, which provided evidence of its significant ability to induce cell apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":146,"journal":{"name":"ChemistrySelect","volume":"10 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemistrySelectPub Date : 2025-05-20DOI: 10.1002/slct.202500703
Sarita Yadav, Anuradha Shukla, Shamoon Ahmad Siddiqui
{"title":"Theoretical Examination and Exploration of Intermolecular Interactions and Chemical Reactivity of Nitrofurantoin-4-Hydroxy Benzamide Co-Crystal","authors":"Sarita Yadav, Anuradha Shukla, Shamoon Ahmad Siddiqui","doi":"10.1002/slct.202500703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202500703","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the molecular, electronic, and chemical modifications of nitrofurantoin (NF) upon co-crystallization with 4-hydroxybenzamide (4HBAM), resulting in the formation of a NF–4HBAM (1:2) co-crystal. Molecular geometries were optimized using Density Functional Theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6–31G(d,p) level via Gaussian09 to evaluate the impact of co-crystallization on NF's physicochemical properties. The co-crystal exhibited enhanced reactivity, characterized by increased polarizability, reduced kinetic stability, and greater chemical softness compared to the individual components, indicating stronger intermolecular interactions and a more compact molecular arrangement. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) surface mapping revealed distinct electrophilic and nucleophilic reactive sites. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis confirmed significant conjugative and hyperconjugative interactions, with second-order stabilization energies supporting the presence of strong hydrogen bonding. The co-crystal also demonstrated promising non-linear optical (NLO) behavior, evidenced by a high dipole moment (μ = 12.3556), polarizability (α = –30.1834 × 10⁻<sup>2</sup>⁴ e.s.u), and first-order hyperpolarizability (β₀ = 1.589 × 10⁻<sup>3</sup>⁰ e.s.u), suggesting potential optoelectronic applications. Additionally, the Fermi energy of NF-4HBAM is 2.8364 eV, observed through density of states (DOS) analysis, which highlights enhanced electronic performance. These findings underscore the role of co-crystallization in tuning NF's pharmaceutical and functional properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":146,"journal":{"name":"ChemistrySelect","volume":"10 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemistrySelectPub Date : 2025-05-20DOI: 10.1002/slct.202500876
Shashikant S. Gholap, Abhimanyu K. Yadav, Prakash D. Vaidya
{"title":"Cu─Mg─Al LDH: An Efficient Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation","authors":"Shashikant S. Gholap, Abhimanyu K. Yadav, Prakash D. Vaidya","doi":"10.1002/slct.202500876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202500876","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Knoevenagel condensation is widely used in industry to produce pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. In the present study, the Knoevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde with ethyl cyanoacetate was investigated over a Cu─Mg─Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) catalyst. The catalyst was synthesized using the co-precipitation technique and characterized comprehensively by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) technique. Excellent catalytic activity (product yield = 95%) was observed at 80 °C in ethanol. The structural integrity of the Cu─Mg─Al LDH catalyst was retained after five cycles (product yield >90%). The versatility of the catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation was investigated with a series of substituted aromatic aldehydes and active methylene compounds. Cu─Mg─Al LDH was found to be a viable alternative to conventional catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation.</p>","PeriodicalId":146,"journal":{"name":"ChemistrySelect","volume":"10 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemistrySelectPub Date : 2025-05-19DOI: 10.1002/slct.202501482
Hind Al-shaikh, Julian G. Knight, Jamal Lasri
{"title":"Ruthenium Nanoparticles RuNPs@[COK-12]─NH2 and RuNPs@[COK-12]─NH2-imid as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for H2 Production from NaBH4 Hydrolysis","authors":"Hind Al-shaikh, Julian G. Knight, Jamal Lasri","doi":"10.1002/slct.202501482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202501482","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of an efficient methodology for enhancing the catalytic efficiency toward hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH<sub>4</sub>) is of vital significance but remains a long-standing challenge. In this work, RuNPs@[COK-12]─NH<sub>2</sub> <b>2a</b> and RuNPs@[COK-12]─NH<sub>2</sub>-imid <b>2b</b> were synthesized and fully characterized by several analytical techniques. The supported RuNPs <b>2a</b> and <b>2b</b> catalyze the release of H<sub>2</sub> from NaBH<sub>4</sub> with remarkable proficiencies, and catalyst <b>2b</b> was found to be more effective than its counterpart <b>2a</b>. A TOF of 176.3 mole<sub>H2</sub>.mol<sub>cat</sub><sup>−1</sup> min<sup>−1</sup> for <b>2b</b> was attained when the hydrolytic reaction was conducted with a low catalyst loading of 0.1 mol%. The reaction kinetics investigations revealed that the hydrolysis is first order in catalyst and NaBH<sub>4</sub> with apparent E<sub>a</sub> of 32.1 and 29.0 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> for RuNPs catalysts <b>2a</b> and <b>2b</b>, respectively. The efficacy of RuNPs <b>2b</b> for the hydrolysis of NaBH<sub>4</sub> showed that the catalytic process is significantly faster in H<sub>2</sub>O than in D<sub>2</sub>O with KIE <i>k<sub>H</sub>/k<sub>D</sub></i> = 2.6. Furthermore, RuNPs <b>2b</b> retains 80% of its initial catalytic activity after 5th cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":146,"journal":{"name":"ChemistrySelect","volume":"10 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}