High-Performance Ag–TiO2–SiO2 Hybrid Nanocomposite for Corrosion Protection: A Sustainable Solution

Abstract

Corrosion is the progressive deterioration of metals due to chemical interactions with the environment. This involves the appearance of rust, typically in aquatic settings under moisture and oxygen. This work introduces hybrid Ag–TiO_₂–SiO_₂ nanoparticles as a protective covering of mild steel in harsh environments. While the synthesis of TiO_₂–SiO_₂ nanoparticles was done using the sol-gel technique, AgNPs were synthesized in green from almond leaf extract. The hybrid nanocomposite was sputtered onto mild steel to promote adhesion and ensure long-term protection. The structural and compositional investigation of XRD, SEM, and FTIR accorded the coating integrity. Electrochemical experiments revealed high corrosion resistance, minimal metal degradation, and an impressive 97.5% inhibition efficiency. In addition to corrosion protection, the coating displayed antibacterial efficiency. It was quantified using distinct and measurable zones of inhibition studies against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which makes it suitable for applications where durability and cleanliness are desired. This study provides a sustainable and multipurpose response for high-tech maritime, biomedical, and industrial solutions in industries needing intense and persistent corrosion protection.