JAMA Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Optimal Oxygen Levels for Preterm Infant Resuscitation.","authors":"Habib Bhurawala","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Parents Should Know About Crying in Infants.","authors":"Cherece N Grier, Lindsay A Thompson","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3666","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Job Lock and Parents of Children With Cystic Fibrosis.","authors":"Lenore S Azaroff, Steffie Woolhandler, Danny McCormick, David U Himmelstein, David Bor, Samuel Dickman, Adam Gaffney","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4435","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4435","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Cannabis Exposure-An Intergenerational Risk Marker for Neurodevelopment.","authors":"Ran Barzilay, Lauren K White","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4358","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Cannabis Exposure and Executive Function and Aggressive Behavior at Age 5 Years.","authors":"Sarah A Keim, Peter Fried, Keith Owen Yeates, Kelly M Boone, Daphne M Vrantsidis, Abigail Dean, Aaron W Murnan, Joseph Rausch, Mark A Klebanoff","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4352","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Cannabis use during pregnancy is increasingly common in the US and may affect the development and behavior of preschool-aged children.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To prospectively investigate the association of prenatal cannabis exposure with executive function and aggressive behavior at age 5 years.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, participants: </strong>This cohort study was conducted from 2016 through 2020. Data analysis was conducted from 2022 through 2024. Patients aged 16 through 50 years who were able to communicate in English and intended to deliver at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center were enrolled in a pregnancy research repository. Participants (n = 355) who gave consent for future contact and whose child(ren) was presumed to be alive were invited to participate again at child age 5 years (children born May 25, 2010, through February 7, 2016) and 250 children participated (70%).</p><p><strong>Exposure: </strong>Cannabis exposure was measured prospectively by urine toxicology, maternal self-report, and obstetric record abstraction.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Executive function and aggressive behavior, measured via multimodal assessment by staff masked to exposure status. Outcomes were chosen a priori.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 250 children, 80 were exposed to cannabis (32%). Use of tobacco, other drugs, and alcohol during pregnancy was common (22% to 39% each). Most families were living in poverty. There were 155 children who were Black/African American, non-Hispanic (62%); 11 were Hispanic (4%); 34 indicated more than one race or another race, non-Hispanic (14%); and 50 were White, non-Hispanic (20%). Age-corrected standard scores for children's attention and inhibitory control (National Institutes of Health Toolbox) were about 0.4 SDs lower for those exposed to cannabis compared with unexposed (β = -6.1 points; 95% CI, -10.8 to -1.4), following propensity score weighting and adjustment for confounders. Exposed children also exhibited poorer task-based planning ability and more observed aggression. Caregiver ratings of executive function and behavior and laboratory assessments of other aspects of executive functioning showed no differences by exposure status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Results from this contemporary US cohort where prenatal cannabis exposure was common and indicated that exposed children exhibited some differences in aspects of executive function and behavior relevant to long-term academic success and adaptive functioning. These results may be considered in refining clinical recommendations regarding cannabis use during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preterm Birth and Caregiver Employment Decisions.","authors":"Erin E Von Klein, Margaret Parker, Stephen W Patrick, Joseph Zickafoose, Gilbert Gonzales","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4427","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4427","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tenant Right-to-Counsel and Adverse Birth Outcomes in New York, New York.","authors":"Kathryn M Leifheit, Katherine L Chen, Nathaniel W Anderson, Cecile Yama, Achyuth Sriram, Craig Evan Pollack, Alison Gemmill, Frederick J Zimmerman","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4699","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>In 2017, New York, New York, launched the United States' first right-to-counsel program, guaranteeing lawyers to low-income tenants in select zip codes, which was associated with reducing eviction risk by half. Given documented associations between evictions during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes, the right-to-counsel program may be associated with improved birth outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To measure associations between zip code-level right-to-counsel access and risk of adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight, among infants born to Medicaid-insured birthing parents.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This retrospective cohort study leveraged the staggered rollout of New York's right-to-counsel program from January 2016 to February 2020 as a natural experiment using a population-based sample of live births to Medicaid-insured birthing parents residing in New York, New York. Data were analyzed from February 2022 to September 2024.</p><p><strong>Exposure: </strong>Zip code right-to-counsel status 9 months prior to birth.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Adverse birth outcomes were measured using individual birth records from the New York Bureau of Vital Statistics. Outcomes included dichotomous indicators of low birth weight (<2500 g), preterm birth (<37 weeks' gestation), and a composite of both. Difference-in-differences linear probability models controlled for year, month, and zip code and included clustered standard errors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 260 493 live births (mean [SD] birthing parent age, 29 [6] years) from January 2016 to February 2020, 43 081 births (17%) were to birthing parents residing in zip codes where right-to-counsel was available during pregnancy. Exposure to right-to-counsel during pregnancy was associated with statistically significant reductions in infants' probability of adverse birth outcomes, with reductions of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.06-1.41) percentage points in low birth weight, 0.91 (95% CI, 0.10-1.71) percentage points in preterm birth, and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.09-1.84) percentage points in the composite outcome in treated vs untreated zip codes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This cohort study found that right-to-counsel was associated with reduced risk of adverse birth outcomes among Medicaid-insured birthing parents. These findings suggest that eviction prevention via right-to-counsel may have benefits that extend beyond the courtroom and across the life-course.</p>","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Shortage During a Public Health Crisis-The Perfect Storm.","authors":"Ritu Banerjee, Erin R Fox, Adam L Hersh","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4569","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glomerular Filtration Rate Changes Following UTI in Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux","authors":"David S. Hains, Michelle C. Starr, Andrew L. Schwaderer","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4546","url":null,"abstract":"This cohort study uses data from the Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux trial to assess estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) changes in participants with vs without recurrent urinary tract infections.","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toddler Screen Use Before Bed and Its Effect on Sleep and Attention","authors":"Hannah Pickard, Petrina Chu, Claire Essex, Emily J. Goddard, Katie Baulcombe, Ben Carter, Rachael Bedford, Tim J. Smith","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3997","url":null,"abstract":"ImportanceToddler screen time has been associated with poorer sleep and differences in attention. Understanding the causal impact of screen time on early development is of the highest importance.ObjectiveTo test (1) the feasibility of the 7-week parent-administered screen time intervention (PASTI) in toddlers (aged 16-30 months) who have screen time in the hour before bed and (2) the impact of PASTI on toddlers’ sleep and attention.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis assessor-blinded, UK-based randomized clinical trial was conducted between July 2022 and July 2023. This was a single-site study that enrolled families with a toddler aged between 16 and 30 months, living within 75 miles of the Babylab, and with 10 minutes or more of screen time in the hour before bed on 3 or more days a week. Exclusion criteria were (1) a genetic or neurological condition, (2) premature birth (&amp;amp;lt;37 weeks), and (3) current participation in another study.InterventionsFamilies were randomized (1:1:1) to (1) PASTI: caregivers removed toddler screen time in the hour before bed and used activities from a bedtime box instead (eg, reading, puzzles); (2) bedtime box (BB only): used matched before-bed activities, with no mention of screen time; or (3) no intervention (NI): continued as usual.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFeasibility outcomes: participation rate, intervention adherence, retention, family experiences, and assessment acceptability. Efficacy outcomes: screen use, actigraphy-measured sleep, and eye-tracking attention measures.ResultsA total of 427 families were screened, 164 were eligible (38.4%), and 105 families were randomized (mean [SD] age, 23.7 [4.6] months; 60 male [57%]). The trial was feasible, with 99% participant (104 of 105) retention and 94% of families (33 of 35) adhering to PASTI. PASTI showed reductions in parent-reported screen time (vs NI: Cohen &lt;jats:italic&gt;d&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = −0.96; 95% CI, −1.32 to −0.60; vs BB only: Cohen &lt;jats:italic&gt;d&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = −0.65; 95% CI, −1.03 to −0.27). PASTI showed small to medium improvements in objectively measured sleep efficiency (vs NI: Cohen &lt;jats:italic&gt;d&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.27; 95% CI, −0.11 to 0.66; vs BB only: Cohen &lt;jats:italic&gt;d&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.17-0.96), night awakenings (vs NI: Cohen &lt;jats:italic&gt;d &lt;/jats:italic&gt;= −0.28; 95% CI, −0.67 to 0.12; vs BB only: Cohen &lt;jats:italic&gt;d&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = −0.31; 95% CI, −0.71 to 0.10), and reduced daytime sleep (vs NI: Cohen &lt;jats:italic&gt;d &lt;/jats:italic&gt;= −0.30; 95% CI, −0.74 to 0.13) but no difference compared with BB only. There was no observable effect of PASTI on objective measures of attention. Compared with BB only, PASTI showed a difference on parent-reported effortful control (Cohen &lt;jats:italic&gt;d&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = −0.40; 95% CI, −0.75 to −0.05) and inhibitory control (Cohen &lt;jats:italic&gt;d&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = −0.48; 95% CI, −0.77 to −0.19), due to an increase in BB-only scores.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this randomized clinical tri","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}