JNCI Cancer Spectrum最新文献

{"title":"Platform-Agnostic Quantification for Molecular Interception of Oral and Esophageal Malignancies: A Global Study Addressing Diagnostic Divide.","authors":"Hung-Ming Lai, Hua-Ping Liu, Kaia Douglas, Keith Johnson, Xuanhua P Xie","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkag102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkag102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC/ESCC) are commonly diagnosed late since histopathology is subjective and robust molecular tools are lacking. Leveraging interpretable machine learning, we aimed to develop an objective and platform-agnostic molecular measure of malignancy that overcomes the technical and geographic barriers of conventional genomic testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a discovery-to-generalization framework with 2,541 samples, we developed and validated a single-sample transcriptomic scoring system, EsoralPrint. We feature engineered 34 intra-sample ordinal gene pairs (isoPairs) that capture consistent expression-order reversals between malignant and healthy states. It was trained on oral tissues and externally validated across diverse global cohorts spanning the upper aerodigestive tract, technical platforms, and geographic regions. Independent single-cell RNA sequencing was used to provide post-hoc mechanistic explainability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the discovery cohort, EsoralPrint distinguished patients histologically graded as low-risk hyperplasia who nonetheless progressed to cancer (log-rank p < 0.0001); we treat this result as exploratory pending independent confirmation. In external validations, EsoralPrint reached 95.0% accuracy and 96.7% F1-score across OSCC cohorts (460 OSCC, 162 non-OSCC) and 91.6% accuracy and 91.6% F1-score in esophageal tissue unseen during discovery and training (574 ESCC, 614 healthy mucosa). Further, a malignancy gradient reflecting field cancerization effects in resection boundaries was observed, and a transition zone (scores 0.25-0.75) was defined where molecular alterations preceded morphological changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EsoralPrint provides a platform-independent and quantitative complement to histological grading in oral and esophageal squamous malignancy, with the potential to give clinicians lead time for intervention. It can be accessed via https://github.com/aiphaqua/EsoralPrint.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and cellular architecture of breast cancer risk across ancestries.","authors":"James L Li, Maria Zanti, Jacob Williams, Om Jahagirdar, Guochong Jia, Alistair Turcan, Qiang Hu, Jean-Tristan Brandenburg, Li Yan, Weang-Kee Ho, Jingmei Li, José Patricio Miranda, Devika Godbole, Julie-Alexia Dias, Xiaomeng Zhang, Leila Dorling, Wenlong Carl Chen, Nicholas Boddicker, Ying Wang, Alicia Martin, Yan Dora Zhang, Joe Dennis, Esther M John, Gabriela Torres-Mejia, Lawrence H Kushi, Jeffrey Weitzel, Susan L Neuhausen, Luis Carvajal-Carmona, Christopher Haiman, Elad Ziv, Laura Fejerman, Wei Zheng, Dezheng Huo, Douglas Easton, Stephen J Chanock, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Peter Kraft, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Wendy S W Wong, Kyriaki Michailidou, Qianqian Zhu, Martin Jinye Zhang, Diptavo Dutta, Thomas U Ahearn, Haoyu Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkag101","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jncics/pkag101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 susceptibility loci, but most studies are dominated by European and East Asian populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed breast cancer GWAS summary statistics from African (AFR), East Asian (EAS), European (EUR), and Hispanic/Latina (H/L) samples (159,297 cases and 212,102 controls). We estimated logit-scale SNP-based heritability, polygenicity, and cross-ancestry genetic correlation, partitioned heritability across functional annotations, and integrated GWAS results with the Tabula Sapiens single-cell atlas using scDRS+.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The logit-scale heritability of breast cancer ranged from h2=0.47 (SE = 0.07) in EAS to AFR h2=0.61 (SE = 0.10), with no significant differences across ancestries (p = 0.63). The model-implied number of non-null susceptibility SNPs in the sparse normal-mixture effect-size model also varied from 4,446 (SE = 3,100) in EAS to 8,308 (SE = 2,751) in AFR, but differences were not significant across ancestries (p = 0.55). Cross-sample genetic correlations varied, with the strongest correlation between EUR and EAS (ρ=0.79, SE = 0.08) and weakest between AFR and H/L (ρ=0.26, SE = 0.24). Regulatory annotations were enriched for breast cancer heritability across samples. Integration with single-cell expression profiles implicated ancestry-shared associations with innate immune, secretory epithelial, and stromal cell types.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate substantial cross-ancestry sharing of breast cancer polygenic architecture, highlight a consistent contribution of regulatory variation, and identify convergent cellular contexts that motivate functional follow-up and inform expectations for the transferability and attainable performance of common-variant risk prediction across populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating a shared decision engagement system in the NCI community oncology research program: a multi-level RCT.","authors":"Sarah T Hawley, Kelley M Kidwell, Reshma Jagsi, Anne K Barber, Rachel Wills, Selina L Chow, Oudom Kour, Diana Segovia, Paul Abrahamse, Ken Resnicow, Brian J Zikmund-Fisher, Timothy P Hofer, Heather B Neuman","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkag100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkag100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Improving patient-centered care and communication in breast cancer remains challenging in the complex and evolving landscape of breast cancer care delivery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The SharES (Alliance A231901CD) trial was carried out in collaboration with the NCI Community Oncology Research Program Alliance Research Base to evaluate a multi-level intervention in a crossed design: 1) a patient-level randomized intervention of the evidence-based iCanDecide online tool with added emotional support enhancements (iCanDecide-ESE), intended to promote better information uptake by supporting management of distress associated with a new diagnosis vs. the standard version (iCanDecide-S); and 2) a clinic-level stepped-wedge randomized Clinician Dashboard intervention. Patient-reported outcomes assessed 5-weeks after registration were knowledge about breast cancer locoregional treatment (primary outcome), cancer worry and breast cancer self-efficacy (key secondary outcomes). We evaluated outcomes using linear mixed models considering the nesting of individuals within clinic across time periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 542 (403 evaluable) patients and 54 clinicians across 25 surgical clinics. The confidence intervals for all outcomes included zero but excluded pre-specified clinically important differences in the knowledge score. We found good fidelity to the intervention components and considerable variation in the primary outcome across sites.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The addition of emotional support components to a patient support tool previously found effective is unlikely to result in clinically important improvements in knowledge, cancer worry, or breast cancer self-efficacy. The strong engagement of NCORP sites, clinicians and patients with the study and intervention components suggests future cancer care delivery studies could leverage implementation strategies to promote multi-level patient-centered communication interventions.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04549571. Registered on 16 September 2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149074623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-onset blood cancer risks associated with living near superfund sites.","authors":"Haokun Yuan, Mary Beth Terry, Wan Yang","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkag099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkag099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Residential environmental chemical exposures have been associated with elevated cancer risks. Here we examined the risk associated with living near Superfund sites for leukemia and lymphoma, two \"indicator\" cancers with high sensitivity to environmental chemical exposures. Analyzing 127 locations with available data (55 New York City (NYC) neighborhoods and 72 counties, totaling 39.25% of the U.S. population; 23 with large Superfund sites), we found modestly higher area-level incidence rates of leukemia and lymphoma in locations classified as affected by Superfund sites. For lymphoma, estimated incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.07 (1.02, 1.11) among 20-49-year-olds and 1.05 (1.02, 1.09) among 50-64-year-olds, corresponding to a 1.19 and 1.14 area-level relative risk respectively for the two groups living within 2 km (NYC) or 5 km (elsewhere) of a Superfund site. As many Superfund sites are located around population centers, these findings highlight the need for mitigating such exposures and cancer risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine therapy adherence and 10-year cardiometabolic risk in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.","authors":"Jorge R Ledesma, Joshua Nugent, Richard Cheng, Jennifer M Specht, Cecile A Laurent, Janise Roh, Sayan Dasgupta, Allison Meisner, Samir R Thadani, Heather Greenlee, Raymond Liu, Marilyn L Kwan","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkag095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkag095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) reduces breast cancer (BC) recurrence but may adversely affect cardiometabolic health. We evaluated the association between AET adherence duration and 10-year risk of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and mortality among postmenopausal women with early-stage hormone receptor-positive BC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective cohort study of 8,365 postmenopausal women with stage I-III hormone receptor-positive BC within Kaiser Permanente Northern California who initiated AET between 2005 and 2013. Adherence (proportion of days covered >80%) was assessed annually using prescription dispensing data. We estimated 10-year cumulative incidence (CI) under six adherence duration strategies (0-5 years) using sequentially doubly robust estimation, adjusting for demographic, clinical, lifestyle, and tumor characteristics. Analyses were stratified by AET type (aromatase inhibitor [AI]; tamoxifen [TAM]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 42.7% were adherent for ≥5 years. Compared with nonadherence, 5-year adherence was associated with higher 10-year CI of hypertension (absolute CI difference = 8.81% [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.25-13.4]), dyslipidemia (5.16% [0.31-10.0]), and diabetes (2.58% [0.02-5.14]), but lower all-cause death (10.7% [7.74-13.7]) and BC-specific death (5.37% [3.36-7.38]). Five-year AI adherence was associated with increased hypertension (9.37% [4.54-14.2]), dyslipidemia (6.84% [1.76-11.9]), and diabetes (3.29% [0.58-6.00]), whereas TAM adherence was associated only with hypertension (9.37% [4.54-14.2]). AI adherence was associated with higher dyslipidemia risk than TAM (9.86% [5.09-14.6]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI adherence was associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, whereas TAM was associated only with hypertension risk. Despite these risks, AET was associated with improved survival. Further research should evaluate whether cardiometabolic risk factors influence cardiovascular events among BC survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Sleep Continuity and Cognition in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Kaitlin Lampson, Xiaotong Li, Hyowoun Jyung, Andrew Yang, Sheila N Garland, James C Root, Tim A Ahles, Jun J Mao","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkag094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkag094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer-related cognitive dysfunction (CRCD) and insomnia are distressing for breast cancer survivors and commonly co-occur, yet little is known about how sleep patterns influence cognition. We aim to characterize these associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed baseline data from an RCT of breast cancer survivors with insomnia and CRCD who completed sleep tracking via the Consensus Sleep Diary (CSD) and/or a wearable smartwatch (WA). Sleep patterns included wake after sleep onset (WASO), number of awakenings (NWAK), time spent in bed (TIB), total sleep time (TST), and sleep efficiency (SE). Cognition was assessed by FACT-Cog PCI and HVLT-R. Univariable and multivariable linear regression examined associations between sleep patterns and cognition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 158 participants, the mean age [range] was 57 [28-83] and 21.5% were non-white. None of the sleep metrics collected from either the CSD or WA were significantly associated with subjective cognition. From CSD data, greater WASO was significantly associated with worse objective cognition (Coef. = -.08, p = .003, 95% CI [-0.1, -0.03]) and higher SE was significantly associated with better objective cognition (Coef. = .2, p = .011, 95% CI [0.05, 0.4]). From WA data, greater NWAK was significantly associated with worse objective cognition (Coef. = -.2, p = .010, 95% CI [-0.3, -0.04]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sleep patterns were not significantly associated with subjective cognition, but sleep fragmentation, measured by both CSD and WA, was significantly associated with worse objective cognition. Interventions targeting sleep fragmentation may be used to promote objective cognition during breast cancer survivorship.Clinica Trials Registration: NCT04837820.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149016735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in medical algorithmic fairness.","authors":"Anand Srinivasan, Durga V Sritharan, Sanjay Aneja, Ilana B Richman","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkag081","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jncics/pkag081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into oncology for applications including cancer detection, risk stratification, treatment planning, and clinical documentation. Concerningly, growing evidence demonstrates that AI systems can reproduce or amplify existing disparities across patient populations. Although considerable effort has focused on developing computational methods to reduce algorithmic bias, many challenges surrounding fairness extend beyond technical implementation. In this commentary, we examine algorithmic fairness in oncology from technical and normative perspectives. We review common sources of bias throughout the machine-learning pipeline; discuss major statistical definitions of fairness, including demographic parity, calibration, and equalized odds; and highlight the inherent trade-offs among these metrics. We further explore how fairness often conflicts with overall predictive performance, arguing that model selection inevitably reflects ethical judgments rather than purely technical optimization. We discuss the limitations of current bias mitigation strategies and contend that many disparities rooted in historical and structural inequities cannot be resolved through algorithmic interventions alone. Finally, we outline priorities for the responsible development and deployment of clinical AI, including greater transparency in fairness decisions, context-specific evaluation standards, ongoing postdeployment auditing, and stronger regulatory oversight. Achieving equitable AI in oncology will require coordinated efforts among developers, clinicians, regulators, and patients to ensure that these technologies improve outcomes without perpetuating existing inequities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty and low utilization of curative-intent surgical resection in nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer.","authors":"Lauren Raymond-King, Sean McGrath, Bhramar Mukherjee, Yiran Wang, Harsh Parikh, John Rothen, Pamela R Soulos, Cary P Gross, John W Kunstman","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkag078","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jncics/pkag078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Curative-intent treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma necessitates major surgery and chemotherapy, yet many patients do not undergo resection. Frailty may contribute to this phenomenon, but its prevalence and association with pancreatectomy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains poorly defined. This study describes the distribution of frailty and its association with curative-intent surgery in a nationally representative cohort of patients with nonmetastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data (2013-2019), we identified patients aged 66 years and older with nonmetastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Frailty was categorized as nonfrail, prefrail, mildly frail, or moderately to severely frail using the claims-based frailty index over the 12 months preceding diagnosis. We evaluated frailty distributions via kernel density estimation. We assessed the association between frailty category and receipt of surgery via logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 8237 patients (mean age = 78 years, 57.6% female, 77.4% White race), 2486 (30.2%) underwent curative-intent pancreatectomy. Surgery was performed in 39.7% of nonfrail and 30.7% of prefrail patients; after adjustment, prefrail patients had similar odds of resection compared to nonfrail patients (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89 to 1.16). In contrast, 15.8% of mildly frail and 5.7% of moderately to severely frail patients underwent surgery; both groups had statistically significant lower odds of surgery vs nonfrail patients (mildly frail adjusted OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.43 to 0.66; moderately to severely frail adjusted OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.30).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Remarkably, less than 40% of nonfrail patients with nonmetastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma underwent surgery, suggesting that curative-intent treatment remains infrequent even among lower-risk adults. Frailty is also common and strongly associated with decreased odds of surgical resection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RE: Evaluating the impact of virtual oncology financial and legal navigation on cancer-related financial toxicity.","authors":"Lucio Buffoni","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkag093","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jncics/pkag093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148956051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting between young adult vs non-young adult cancer patients.","authors":"Laura B Oswald, Aasha I Hoogland, Taylor L Welniak, Oanh L Nguyen, Yvelise Rodriguez, Xiaoyin Li, Samantha Reese, Paige W Lake, Brian D Gonzalez, Martine Extermann, Jonathan Metts, Matthew A Murphy, Brent J Small, Donna L Berry, Daneng Li, Kristen M Carpenter, Stacy M Fischer, Anita Y Kinney, Heather S L Jim","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkag082","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jncics/pkag082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting are among the most distressing side effects of cancer therapy. Younger age is a risk factor for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and cancer incidence is rising among young adults ages 18-39 years. However, the comparative burden of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in young adults vs non-young adults remains insufficiently understood. This study compared acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting between young adults and non-young adults (ie, ages 40 years and older) after the first infusion of moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Of 1609 participants, 159 (10%) were young adults. Rates of guideline-consistent antiemetic prophylactic care were similar between groups (65% young adults, 71% non-young adults; P = .11). Despite this, acute nausea was more prevalent (69% vs 40%; P < .001) and severe (mean [SD] = 3.9 [2.6] vs mean = 3.0 [2.3] on 0-10 scale; P < .001) among young adults vs non-young adults. Similarly, delayed nausea was more prevalent (85% vs 69%; P < .001) and severe (mean = 4.5 [2.4] vs mean = 3.7 [2.5]; P < .001) among young adults. Findings may inform clinical approaches to managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}