Iranian Journal of Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Phylogeography, Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> Sensu Stricto Inferred by Mitochondrial DNA Markers between Southeast of Iran and Pakistan.","authors":"Davood Anvari, Shirzad Gholami, Adel Spotin, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Ahmad Daryani, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Mohammad Reza Narouei, Mona Hosseini, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i2.15850","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i2.15850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current study was designed to provide a better insight into the circulating genotypes, genetic diversity, and population structure of <i>Echinococcus</i> spp. between southeast of Iran and Pakistan<b>.</b></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From Jun 2020 to Dec 2020, 46 hydatid cysts were taken from human (n: 6), camel (n: 10), goat (n: 10), cattle (n: 10) and sheep (n: 10) in various cities of Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran, located at the neighborhood of Pakistan. DNA samples were extracted, amplified, and subjected to sequence analysis of <i>cox1</i> and <i>nad1</i> genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The phylogeny inferred by the Maximum Likelihood algorithm indicated that G1 genotype (n: 19), G3 genotype (n: 14) and G6 genotype (n: 13) assigned into their specific clades. The diversity indices showed a moderate (<i>nad1</i>: Hd: 0.485) to high haplotype diversity (<i>cox1:</i> Hd: 0.867) of <i>E. granulosus</i> s.s. (G1/G3) and low nucleotide diversity. The negative value of Tajima's <i>D</i> and Fu's Fs test displayed deviation from neutrality indicating a recent population expansion. A parsimonious network of the haplotypes of <i>cox1</i> displayed star-like features in the overall population containing IR9/PAK1/G1, IR2/PAK2/G3 and IR18/G6 as the most common haplotypes. A pairwise fixation index (<i>F</i>st) indicated that <i>E. granulosus</i> s.s. populations are genetically moderate differentiated between southeast of Iran and Pakistan. The extension of haplotypes PAK18/G1 (sheep) and PAK26/G1 (cattle) toward Iranian haplogroup revealed that there is dawn of <i>Echinococcus</i> flow due to a transfer of alleles between mentioned populations through transport of livestock or their domestication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current findings strengthen our knowledge concerning the evolutionary paradigms of <i>E. granulosus</i> in southeastern borders of Iran and is effective in controlling of hydatidosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 2","pages":"140-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11246203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. and <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> in <i>Marmota himalayana</i> (Rodentia: Sciuridae) in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau area, China.","authors":"Liqing Ma, Yingna Jian, Guanghua Wang, Qigang Cai, Geping Wang, Xiuping Li, Xueyong Zhang, Panagiotis Karanis","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i2.15852","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i2.15852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Cryptosporidium</i> and <i>Giardia</i> are well-known important intestinal zoonotic pathogens that can infect various hosts and cause diarrhoeal diseases. We aimed to determine the epidemiological prevalence and molecular characterization of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> and <i>Giardia</i> species in Himalayan marmot (<i>Marmota himalayana</i>, class Marmota) in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area of Qinghai Province, Northwest China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Overall, 243 Himalayan marmot fecal samples were collected in 2017 and in 2019 and a two-step nested PCR technique was performed to amplify the fragments of the SSU rRNA gene of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> and 18S ribosomal RNA gene of <i>Giardia</i>. Molecular characterization of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> was performed with the primary primers NDIAGF2 and N-DIAGR2, the secondary primers CPB-DIAGF and CPB-DIAGR. Similarly, molecular characterization of <i>Giardia</i> was used the first primers Gia2029 and Gia2150c, the secondary primers RH11 and RH4. The positive PCR products were sequenced and the sequences were processed by Clustal Omega and BLAST. Phylogenetic analysis was achieved by NJ method in MEGA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The infection rate of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. and <i>G</i>. <i>duodenalis</i> was 4.9% (12/243) and 0.8% (2/243) in <i>M</i>. <i>himalayana</i>, respectively. <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. are characterized as novel genotypes <i>Cryptosporidium</i> marmot genotype I (n=3) and <i>Cryptosporidium</i> marmot genotype II (n=9); <i>G</i>. <i>duodenalis</i> assemblage A (n=2) was found in <i>M</i>. <i>himalayana</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first report of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. and <i>G</i>. <i>duodenalis</i> infections in <i>M</i>. <i>himalayana</i> in Qinghai of Northwest China. The results indicate the existence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> species and <i>G</i>. <i>duodenalis</i> infections that may have a potential public health significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 2","pages":"162-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11246204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruptured Lung Hydatid Cyst Masquerading as a Transudative Parapneumonic Effusion: A Case Report.","authors":"Brahmansh Singh, Kundan Nikit Mehta","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i2.15864","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i2.15864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydatid disease can virtually involve any organs, liver being the most common followed by lungs. Pleural effusion as a complication of pulmonary hydatid cyst is exceptionally rare and its diagnosis and treatment pose significant challenges. We present an intriguing case managed in Dr D Y Patil medical college and Hospital in west India in June 2023 involving a 70-year-old female who presented with symptoms of right-sided chest pain and acute-onset dyspnoea. Referred from a local hospital, a chest radiograph revealed the presence of right pleural effusion. Subsequent radiological investigations including a contrast enhanced CT at our centre exposed two large, well-defined hypodense lesions with fluid density, encased by thick enhancing walls, along with right-sided pleural effusion and hence a diagnosis of lung abscess with right pleural effusion (right parapneumonic effusion) was established. Despite ongoing care, clinical improvement eluded us. Thoracocentesis yielded a surprising revelation - the pleural fluid was transudative with visible hooklets and protoscolices, indicating a ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst. The patient began albendazole treatment and received a CVTS consultation. They recommended a right lower lobe lobectomy, now scheduled for the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 2","pages":"273-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11246210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Canine Toxocariasis in Three Rural Areas of Fars Province, Southern Iran","authors":"A. Pouryousef, Seyyed Mohammad Hashemi, M. Omidian, F. Mikaeili, B. Sarkari","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15191","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Toxocara canis is one of the most important causes of animal toxocariasis with global distribution. We aimed to find out the seroprevalence of toxocariasis in dogs in a rural area in Fars Province, south of Iran. \u0000Methods: Dogs blood samples were collected from 60 dogs in three rural areas in the Sar Mashhad region, Fars Province. Dog sera were evaluated for anti-Toxocara antibodies by an indirect ELISA method. The association between the seropositivity and age, gender, and the sampling location were statistically evaluated. \u0000Results: Serological assay detected anti-Toxocara antibodies in sera of 32 out of 60 dogs, corresponding to a seroprevalence of 53.3%. The rate of seropositivity was higher in the male dogs.  The rate of seropositivity was higher in old dogs. This rate increased with increasing age, however, the association between age and Toxocara seropositivity was not statistically significant. \u0000Conclusion: The high prevalence of Toxocara infection in dogs in the current study area confirms that infected dogs are an important source of Toxocara infection for their owners and people who are in close contact with these animals, especially children.","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140390902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) and Astacin Genes of Strongyloides stercoralis as well as HSP70 and HSP17.1 Genes of S. ratti in Adult and Larval Stages of S. stercoralis","authors":"Maryam Alipour, Leila Masoori, Mohammad Davoodzadeh Gholami, Majid Khoshmirsafa, E. Razmjou, N. Jalallou, Farzaneh Jafarian, Reza Falak, A. Meamar","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15187","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Uncovering the roles and characteristics of pathogenesis-related molecules can help us develop novel management methods in parasitology. In this study, we studied the expression levels of Strongyloides stercoralis heat shock protein70 (HSP70) (Sst-hsp-70) and astacin (Sst-ast) as pathogenesis-related genes as well as the expression of S. ratti HSP70 and HSP17.1 (Sra-hsp-70, Sra-hsp-17.1) in the larvae and adult stages of S. stercoralis. \u0000Methods: A hyperinfection isolate of S. stercoralis from Gilan Province, northern Iran was cultivated on nutrient agar. After a couple of days, parasites in different stages of life were collected, and total RNA was extracted. The expression levels of astacin and HSP genes were compared by real-time PCR. \u0000Results: Statistically higher expression levels of Sst-ast, Sst-hsp-70, and Sra-hsp-70 genes in L3 larvae than in adults were observed. However, the expression level of Sra-hsp-17.1 was non-significantly lower in the larval stage than in adult worms. \u0000Conclusion: Higher expression levels of Sst-ast, Sst-hsp-70, and Sra-hsp-70 genes in the larval stages of S. stercoralis suggest the potential role of these enzymes in parasite cutaneous invasion and pathogenesis. However, higher expression of Sra-hsp-17.1 in adult forms is probably involved in resistance and survival mechanisms. The similarity in gene expression between S. stercoralis and S. ratti can provide helpful hints to better understand strongyloidiasis from various perspectives, including pathogenesis, proper diagnosis, and targeted treatment.","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140390999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 4-Year-Old Child with a Giant Cerebral Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report","authors":"Aylin Dizi Işık, Özcan Sönmez, Pınar Canizci Erdemli, E. Kepenekli, Z. Ergenç, Seyhan Yılmaz, S. Tuncay, Burcu Parlak, Adnan Dağçınar","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15218","url":null,"abstract":"Echinococcosis is the most common cestode infection globally caused by the Echinococcus species. The most common organ involvement is the lungs and liver, but other organs can be rarely involved. Here, we present a case with a giant cerebral hydatid cyst. A 4-year-old boy presented with abnormal gait and walking at Marmara University School of Medicine Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye in September 2022. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed a cyst of 13 cm in diameter. The cyst was enucleated successfully with no rupture. Oral albendazole therapy was started. There was no eosinophilia, and the echinococcal indirect hemagglutination test was negative. Ultrasonography detected an anechoic cystic lesion in the liver. He was evaluated for deep-organ involvement; however, no cysts were detected in other organs. The histopathological examination was compatible with a hydatid cyst. Although intracranial hydatid disease in children is rare, it should be considered among the differential diagnoses in patients with neurological symptoms, especially in endemic regions.","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Humans in the Yazd County, Central of Iran","authors":"Elaheh Hezardastan, Ali - Fattahi Bafghi, G. Eslami, Mahmoud Vakili","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15216","url":null,"abstract":"Background: We aimed to investigate the molecular genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Humans in the Yazd County, Central, Iran. \u0000Methods: Total of 35 fecal samples were collected from patients referred to Yazd Central Laboratory, Yazd, Iran from February to July 2022. All the samples were included in this study after microscopic observation of G. duodenalis. DNA samples were extracted using related kit and were analyzed by Nano Drop. The molecular assessment was carried out using semi-nested PCR using the target gene of gdh. All amplified samples were sequenced using Sanger method. BLAST analyzed the sequences for assemblage identification.    \u0000Results: Out of 35 samples, 24 (68.57%) and 11 (31.43%) were male and female, respectively. All included samples were amplified using the specific gdh primer pair. The molecular analysis showed 17 isolates (48.57%) as assemblage BIV, 8 isolates (22.86%) as assemblage BIII, 6 isolates (17.14%) as assemblage AII and 4 isolates (11.43%) as assemblage AIII (P<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Assemblages A and B are the most prevalent in Central Iran. The molecular identification of G. duodenalis isolates from animals and implementing control programs","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Low-Serum Culture Media for the in Vitro Cultivation of Theileria annulata S15 Cell Line","authors":"Gholamreza Habibi, A. Afshari, Amin Shahedi, Mousa Hashemlou, Ali Es-Haghi, Mohamad Hosein Fallah Mehrabadi, Saeid Fathi","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15206","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The production of bovine theileriosis vaccine involves in vitro cultivation of Theileria annulata schizont-infected cell lines. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is commonly used in animal cell culture, including the Theileria cell line. However, we aimed to reduce the amount of serum needed for cell culture by modifying the Stoker culture medium with supplements such as excretion factor and serum substitutes.   \u0000Methods: To evaluate the effectiveness of these modifications, techniques such as cell counting, cell viability assays, and genomic analysis were employed in the Parasitic Vaccines Production Department of Razi institute of Iran, from 2020 to 2022.  Statistical analysis was used to compare the results of different experimental conditions.   \u0000Results: The three experimental media were as effective as the commonly used 10% Stoker medium in supporting the growth and viability of cells. \u0000Conclusion: The significant reduction in the required amount of serum and the remarkable cell growth achieved by using defined serum replacements for the production of cell culture media is a significant step towards the preparation of a proper cell culture medium for the production of bovine Theileriosis vaccine.","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary Schistosomiasis in the Urban Community of Zinder (Niger): The Permanent Pond of In’birgui, an Epidemic Focus","authors":"Lamine Mahaman Moustapha, M. Doutchi, Issoufou Brah Moutari, Yansambou Mahamadou Seyni, Kadidjatou Kassoum Abdoulaye, Laminou Maman Ibrahim","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15221","url":null,"abstract":"The Article Abstract is not available.","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140390870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Findings, Treatment Options and Outcome","authors":"Mahmoud Khodabandeh, Elham Moradian, Maedeh Sarvari, Mahsa Soti Khiabani","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15190","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Black disease, also known as visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is a parasitic illness caused by various Leishmania species. The risk of morbidity and mortality increases with delayed diagnosis and treatment. Early VL diagnosis and fast appropriate treatment are critical issues in endemic areas.   \u0000Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study to investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic course of patients admitted with the diagnosis of VL in the Children's Medical Center (CMC) Hospital, Tehran, Iran. All cases of VL in patients under the age of 18 hospitalized between the years 2012 to 2022 were enrolled. \u0000Results: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled with an average age of 28.13 months with the majority of females (51.8%). Common clinical signs were fever (96.2%) and splenomegaly (92.59%). However, lymphadenopathy was rare. The largest number of patients was from Tehran Province, followed by Ardabil, Khuzestan, Gilan, and Alborz provinces. The most common hematological abnormalities were anemia (85.1%) and thrombocytopenia (44.4%). In accordance with the treatment strategy, liposomal amphotericin B and amphotericin B deoxycholate were given to 11 and 5 patients, respectively. Eleven of them received glucantime. The average length of hospitalization for liposomal amphotericin B was 15.36 ± 12.49 days. In comparison with glucantime (18.38 ±10.26 days) and amphotericin B deoxycholate (20.20± 6.18 days), liposomal amphotericin B group hospitalization was shorter than others were. \u0000Conclusion: VL should be included in the differential diagnosis of any child who presents with fever, splenomegaly, and anemia. Concerning the treatment strategy in this study, liposomal amphotericin B had more efficiency and shorter hospitalization duration.","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":" 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140390831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}