{"title":"Helicobacter cholecystus bacteremia in an adult with acute cholecystitis","authors":"Jinxia Su, Shunguang Li, Morui Chen, Zewei Huang, Huijun Liu, Pinghua Qu","doi":"10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.468","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>We report the isolation of <i>Helicobacter cholecystus</i> from a positive blood culture from a 58-year-old man in China who had bacteremia and acute cholecystitis. The patient’s condition improved after symptomatic support treatment and subtotal cholecystectomy. This finding suggests that <i>H. cholecystus</i> should be considered as potential human pathogens.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140830531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chang Kyung Kang, Youngju Kim, Hyeon Jae Jo, Chan Mi Lee, Nam Joong Kim, Chang-Han Lee, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Wan Beom Park, Myoung-don Oh
{"title":"Anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody positivity 3 years after COVID-19","authors":"Chang Kyung Kang, Youngju Kim, Hyeon Jae Jo, Chan Mi Lee, Nam Joong Kim, Chang-Han Lee, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Wan Beom Park, Myoung-don Oh","doi":"10.7883/yoken.jjid.2024.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.jjid.2024.011","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>The accurate identification of individuals without prior infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is pivotal for seroepidemiological research and vaccine trials. Because of widespread COVID-19 vaccination, the anti-nucleocapsid antibody continues to serve as a valuable marker for individuals without a history of COVID-19. This study aimed to comprehensively assess anti-nucleocapsid antibody positivity using diverse commercial and in-house immunoassays among individuals who contracted COVID-19 more than 3 years ago. We enrolled 44 participants with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between January and May 2020 from Seoul National University Hospital and its community treatment centers. The results showed anti-nucleocapsid antibody positivities ranged from 45.5% to 87.9% depending upon the immunoassay used. The study highlights the importance of considering the limited anti-nucleocapsid antibody positivity in participants with a distant COVID-19 history in seroepidemiological or vaccine research.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140830767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Usefulness of a pluralistic approach in sentinel surveillance: seasonal influenza activity based on case counts per sentinel site in the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases Program and test counts, case counts, and test positivity from the National Hospital Organization","authors":"Takeshi Arashiro, Yuzo Arima, Takuri Takahashi, Kiyosu Taniguchi, Hiromasa Horiguchi, Motoi Suzuki","doi":"10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.368","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>In Japan, based on the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) Program, influenza cases from ~5,000 sentinel sites are monitored weekly as part of influenza surveillance (as number of influenza cases/sentinel site). One limitation is that the number of influenza tests conducted is not reported. Separately, the National Hospital Organization (NHO), with ~140 hospitals, routinely publishes three indicators: number of influenza tests, influenza-positive case counts, and test positivity. We used NESID and NHO data from April 2011 to June 2022 to assess the usefulness of multiple indicators to monitor influenza activity. Temporal trends of the NHO and NESID indicators were similar, and NHO indicator levels well-correlated with those of the NESID indicator. Influenza positivity in the NHO data, however, showed an earlier rise and peak time compared to the NESID indicator. Importantly, through the non-epidemic summer periods and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, a sizable number of influenza tests continued to be done at NHO hospitals, with results showing considerably low case counts and test positivity. These data show that a relatively small number of sentinel sites is sufficient to monitor influenza activity nationally, and, that utilizing multiple indicators can increase our confidence in situational awareness and data interpretations.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140324643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association of CovRS two-component regulatory system with NADase induction by Clindamycin treatment in Streptococcus pyogenes","authors":"Ichiro Tatsuno, Masanori Isaka, Tadao Hasegawa","doi":"10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.451","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>The administration of high-dose clindamycin (CLI) along with penicillin is recommended for the treatment of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). However, CLI-resistant strains have been identified worldwide. Firstly, in this study, some CLI-resistant strains showed increased extracellular activities of the NAD- glycohydrolase (NADase) exotoxin after CLI treatment. This result supported our previous conclusion that not only CLI-susceptible but also CLI-resistant <i>S. pyogenes</i> strains show the CLI-dependent NADase induction. Secondary, using the 13 types of two- component-sensor knockout strains derived from a CLI-susceptible strain 1529 that has the CLI-dependent NADase induction phenotype, we investigated the mechanism of action. Among the knockout strains, only 1529<i>ΔcovS</i> lost the phenotype. In addition, 1529<i>ΔspeB,</i> 1529<i>Δmga,</i> and 1529<i>Δrgg</i> retained the CLI-dependent NADase induction phenotype. These results suggest that CovS is related to the phenotype in SpeB independent manner.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140325581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Multicenter Study on the Utility of Selective Enrichment Broth for Detection of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnant Women in Japan.","authors":"Daiki Tanno, Kyoichi Saito, Yasuaki Tomii, Yukari Nakatsuka, Kohei Uechi, Kazutaka Ohashi, Tomoo Hidaka, Yukio Yamadera, Atsuko Hata, Masahiro Toyokawa, Hiroki Shimura","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.295","DOIUrl":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Universal screening for Streptococcus agalactiae, Group B Streptococcus (GBS), in pregnant women is important for the prevention of severe infectious diseases in neonates. The subculture method using selective enrichment broth significantly improves GBS detection rates in the United States; however, this method is not widely utilized in Japan mainly because of the lack of large-scale validation. Therefore, we aimed to validate the utility of the subculture method in collaboration with multiple facilities. A total of 1957 vaginal-rectal swab specimens were obtained from pregnant women at 35-37 gestational weeks from March 1, 2020, to August 30, 2020, at Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Aiiku Hospital, Kitano Hospital, and the University of the Ryukyus Hospital. Conventional direct agar plating, subculture using selective enrichment broth, and direct latex agglutination (LA) testing with incubated broth were performed for GBS detection, and discrepant results were confirmed using real-time PCR. The GBS detection rates for direct agar plating, subculture, and direct LA testing were 18.2% (357/1957), 21.6% (423/1957), and 22.3% (437/1957), respectively. The use of selective enrichment broth showed promise for GBS detection with high sensitivity and is therefore recommended for GBS screening to prevent GBS-related infectious diseases in neonates in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71423602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Establishment of Reference Reagents for Single-Radial-Immunodiffusion Assay on the 2022/23 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Japan and Their Quality Validation.","authors":"Noriko Shimasaki, Tomoko Kuwahara, Haruna Nishijima, Kazuya Nakamura, Kayoko Sato, Keiko Murano, Shigeyuki Itamura, Yukiko Akahori, Emi Takashita, Noriko Kishida, Tomoko Arita, Mina Nakauchi, Makoto Takeda, Hideki Hasegawa, Akihide Ryo, Yuichi Harada","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.218","DOIUrl":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potency tests for influenza vaccines are currently performed using a single-radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay, which requires a reference antigen and anti-hemagglutinin (HA) serum as reference reagents. Reagents must be newly prepared each time a strain used for vaccine production is modified. Therefore, establishing reference reagents of consistent quality is crucial for conducting vaccine potency tests accurately and precisely. Here, we established reference reagents for the SRID assay to conduct lot release tests of quadrivalent influenza vaccines in Japan during the 2022/23 influenza season. The potency of reference antigens during storage was confirmed. Furthermore, we evaluated the cross-reactivity of each antiserum raised against the HA protein of the 2 lineages of influenza B virus toward different lineages of influenza B virus antigens to select a suitable procedure for the SRID assay for accurate measurement. Finally, the intralaboratory reproducibility of the SRID assay using the established reference reagents was validated, and the SRID reagents had sufficient consistent quality, comparable to that of the reagents used for testing vaccines during previous influenza seasons. Our study contributes to the quality control of influenza vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138459915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High Prevalence of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Producing OXA-48 among Carbapenem-Resistant Isolates in a Regional Hospital in Central Taiwan.","authors":"Lii-Tzu Wu, Hong-Thuy Vy Nguyen, Se-Chin Ke, Yi-Pei Lin, Yi-Chun Pang, Ming-Kai Guo, Chih-Ming Chen","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.213","DOIUrl":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to the increasing number of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), we investigated carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and non-K. pneumoniae epidemiology and genetics. We collected 76 clinical Enterobacterales and 4 stool surveillance Escherichia coli isolates resistant to ertapenem or imipenem. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing, we assessed carbapenemases, extended-spectrum β-lactamases, and AmpC β-lactamases. Molecular typing via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and conjugation experiments were conducted to examine resistance gene transfer. Among the 80 isolates, 96.2% harbored at least one carbapenemase gene, with bla<sub>OXA-48</sub> in 87.5%. KPC-2 and IMP-8 carbapenemases were found in 15.0 and 22.5% of the isolates, respectively, with 27.5% having 2 or more carbapenemase genes. The PFGE analysis revealed the presence of diverse genotypes. PCR-based plasmid replicon typing identified IncA/C as the most prevalent type among K. pneumoniae isolates (26/29), and IncF and IncFIB among E. coli isolates (22/28). Conjugal transfer was successful for plasmids encoding OXA-48, CTX-M-3, CTX-M-14, CMY-2, and other β-lactamases, except the KPC-2 gene. In conclusion, our study highlights high carbapenemase prevalence in CRE, primarily OXA-48. Multiple carbapenemases within strains were common, and PFGE showed diverse patterns in these carbapenem-resistant isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138459916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 and Closed Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the First Wave in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, March 30 to May 18, 2020.","authors":"Kosuke Tamura, Noriko Inasaki, Masae Itamochi, Yumiko Saga, Takahisa Shimada, Shunsuke Yazawa, Hitoshi Sasajima, Chikako Kawashiri, Emiko Yamazaki, Tomomi Ichikawa, Hiroyasu Kaya, Yoshihiro Yamamoto, Yoshitomo Morinaga, Seiji Yamashiro, Satoshi Nomura, Shinichi Takeda, Hiroyuki Ito, Koujiro Hirota, Yukio Horie, Norikazu Hirano, Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Makoto Kuroda, Hideki Tani, Kazunori Oishi","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.210","DOIUrl":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We studied 226 patients in Toyama Prefecture who were notified of COVID-19 during the first wave between March 30 and May 18, 2020. Of the 226 patients, 22 (9.7%) died, most (95%) of whom were aged ≥65 years. A large cluster comprising 59 patients (41 residents and 18 staff members) was identified in a nursing home on April 17. No deaths occurred among staff members; however, 12 of the 41 residents (29%) died. Although the threshold cycle (Ct) values were significantly lower in the 20-64 and ≥65 years age groups than in the <20 years age group, no correlation was found between the Ct values and severity, fatal outcome, or secondary infection. The haplotype network of 145 SARS-CoV-2 isolates (64%) from 226 patients was analyzed. The viral genomes of the case groups differed by less than five nucleotide bases. These data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 strains, which were initially introduced into Toyama Prefecture in late March and early April 2020, and their closely related strains, identified as lineage B.1.1, circulated during the first wave. The reduced inter-prefectural mobility of local residents may support the lack of strain diversity in SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave of the state of emergency.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71423605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamil Mohammed Abduh Saeed Obaid, Fadhl Ahmed Saeed Al-Gashaa
{"title":"Bacterial Infection versus Viral Infection Preference of ABO Blood Group Phenotype Patients.","authors":"Jamil Mohammed Abduh Saeed Obaid, Fadhl Ahmed Saeed Al-Gashaa","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.139","DOIUrl":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies have established an association between the blood group type and susceptibility to infections. This study aimed to evaluate a correlation between the blood group type and the susceptibility to infection. A total of 558 patients were enrolled in this study who attended at the Althawra Hospital, Ibb City, from March to August 2018. Blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count and blood group. We observed a high frequency of infections affecting the digestive system (26.4%), while the least affected system was the urogenital system 5.9%. Patients with A blood group exhibit an increased probability to be infected by viruses than they do for bacteria (odds ratio [OR] = 1.430; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.005 to 2.035; P = 0.05 and OR = 0.098; 95% CI = 0.064 to 0.148; P < 0.0001, respectively). It was observed that blood group A individuals were more susceptible to infection with hepatitis B virus than were the other groups (P = 0.041; OR = 1.704, 95% CI = 1.053-2.773). The liklihood of O blood group patients experiencing urogenital infections was less than that of non-O blood group patients one third (OR = 0.353, 95% CI = 0.158-0.789; P = 0.014). This study corroborates previous findings that demonstrated that certain blood groups are more prone to infection by one agent than are patients with other blood groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138459897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Difficulty in Serologic Screening for Subclinical Rubella during Pregnancy.","authors":"Kazuya Hiiragi, Ryosuke Shindo, Satoru Shinoda, Mika Okuda, Keiko Tanaka-Taya, Kentaro Kurasawa, Etsuko Miyagi, Shigeru Aoki","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.222","DOIUrl":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Japan, rubella antibodies are tested in all pregnant women to detect subclinical infections. This study aimed to assess the validity of measuring rubella antibodies for detecting subclinical rubella among pregnant women in Japan. This single-center retrospective study measured rubella hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers and rubella-specific IgM antibody index (IgM) values. IgM values were measured by conducting enzyme immunoassay, and IgM-values >1.2 were considered positive. Of 14,965 included pregnant women, 186 (1.2%) were IgM-positive. Only one patient was clinically diagnosed with rubella (HI titer, 1:2,048; IgM value, 10) and developed fever and skin rash. She decided to terminate her pregnancy without undergoing repeated blood tests. Of the IgM-positive patients, 136 (73.1%) had rubella HI titers of < 1:256. The correlation coefficient between rubella HI and IgM titers was weakly positive (0.2527; P < 0.0001). This study showed that a single combination of rubella HI and rubella-specific IgM measurements alone could not detect subclinical rubella. Creating awareness among pregnant women by informing them that almost all rubella-specific IgM-positive individuals without symptoms are not acutely infected could decrease their anxiety and prevent unnecessary pregnancy termination.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138459914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}