IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science最新文献

{"title":"Conceptualization of collaboration, cooperation, and coordination in construction projects","authors":"Sina Moradi, Ole Jonny Klakegg","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012021","url":null,"abstract":"The growing complexity of construction projects and involved parties’ dependence on each other’s capabilities have substantially increased the significance of working together. Meanwhile, the emergence of new paradigms in construction project delivery has been a strong enabler for deep collaboration between project participants. Equality, fair share of risk-reward, trust-based working relationships, and open communication are underlying constructs in these new paradigms. Despite of the recognized importance of collaboration, it is still a confusing concept for many people in the academia and practice. This confusion partly comes from the fact that there is no concrete conceptualization of collaboration and its accompanying terms (cooperation and coordination). This issue subsequently causes wrong or loose definitions and applications of the term collaboration. Hence, this study aims to contribute toward theory and practice by developing a concrete conceptualization of the collaboration, cooperation, and coordination in the context of construction based on a literature review. The findings reveal characteristics of collaboration, cooperation, and coordination and explain the forms in which these concepts materialize. The findings, with an ontological perspective, provide novel insights for the research community and industry practitioners regarding the definition and realization of collaboration, cooperation, and coordination.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost and schedule performance in large government projects","authors":"Morten Welde, Atle Engebø","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012027","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses data from 111 large government projects in Norway. We compare their final cost to the formal budget set by the parliament in their formal funding decision. We use standard statistical measures to illustrate their cost performance and whether the projects have been completed within the agreed schedule. We also examine the proportion of projects that have been fully successful from an operational perspective, that is, how many have been completed without either cost overruns or delays. The results are encouraging and better than most reported in the international research literature. On average, Norwegian government projects are completed 5% below budget. Three of four projects experience cost underrun. Schedule performance is weaker as the average completion is ten months after planned completion. Only about a third of the projects can be considered fully successful according to the performance targets for both time and cost. Despite these somewhat positive results, we warn against the implications of large projects currently under construction and which are experiencing challenges concerning costs and schedule.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Safety Indicators in the Norwegian Construction Industry","authors":"Casper Pilskog Orvik, Eirik Albrechtsen, Markus Angvik, Mareno Sæther, Siri Holen","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012035","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is known for being accident-prone, and it experiences a high number of occupational hazards and workplace incidents. This sector is characterized by fragmentation and temporariness, with high technical and organizational complexity which impacts the safety. A measure of safety often relates to this reactive nature of historical events such as accidents and incidents. Despite widespread recognition of their limitations, the Total Recordable Injury Rate (TRIR) and Lost-Time Injury Rate (LTIR) remain the predominant (lagging) safety indicators in the Norwegian construction industry. However, criticisms regarding their statistical insensitivity, neglect of severity, and vulnerability to manipulation persist. This paper explores the paradox of these lagging indicators’ popularity, examining their role and the industry’s reliance on them in light of known deficiencies and criticism. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fourteen key actors from clients and contractors of varying degrees in size, both private and public, to gain insights into the context and the current use of these lagging indicators. The results show that the stakeholders have collectively expressed their desire to move towards including a more proactive set of safety indicators. Learning from incidents and near misses and fostering organizational learning through enhanced communication are seen as relevant for more proactive safety measurement. Additionally, to meet the challenges in the context of increasing societal challenges, complexity, and uncertainty it is important to understand performance levels better. However, the research also emphasizes the retained relevance of incident measures, suggesting a nuanced balance between proactive and reactive indicators for overall safety performance measurements. The study highlights the need for the construction industry to move beyond traditional safety measures and embrace a performance-driven approach under complex conditions.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residential Adaptive Reuse in Post-pandemic Times","authors":"Riikka Kyrö, Ulla Janson, Anna-Maria Blixt, Peter Fredriksson","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012044","url":null,"abstract":"In the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic, the accelerated shift to remote and hybrid work modes has left many office buildings vacant. Meanwhile, many cities struggle with providing housing. Adaptive reuse (AR) is the process of giving an existing building a new life, typically through an extensive renovation and refurbishment. Residential adaptative reuse specifically refers to adapting for housing purposes. The aim of this study is to shed light on opportunities and enablers for AR, specifically from the perspectives of owner/developers and contractors. A multiple case study method, utilizing a desktop approach with secondary data sources, is employed to reveal key lessons learned from real-life residential AR cases from the Nordics. We include 6 cases of residential AR, of which four are from Sweden, and two from Finland. We find that prime location and structural integrity are prerequisites for AR. Daylight, accessibility, and indoor comfort were noted to be common challenges, which were overcome by experience from previous adaptation projects, as well as good collaboration within the project team and authorities. The cultural heritage status of a building appears to both make the building more suitable for adaptation and create a challenge with risks associated with the construction works. Working within existing urban structure was noted to be a challenge for construction site logistics, as well as a nuisance to neighbors, making the support from neighbors crucial. Yet, perhaps the most striking similarity between the cases was that the adaptative reuse projects were linked to either vertical extension, or horizontally extending the project as a form of urban infill development. The findings provide a useful checklist to real estate owners, developers, and contractors considering adaptation to residential use, or bidding for AR projects. An interesting challenge warranting further research is the valuation of commercial properties with expected rental income, despite high vacancy.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of causes of resource waste during concrete processes - Case study","authors":"Matej Špak, Marcela Spišáková, Mária Kozlovská","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012005","url":null,"abstract":"The reduction of wasted resources presents an important part of the lean construction principle. This article is focused on the identification of the causes of resource waste during the realization of concrete structures. Resources are divided into groups containing materials, human sources as well as building devices. The starting point for solutions is the analysis of risks in the concreting process for particular resource groups. Input data is obtained from realized concrete structures, in the form of a structured interview and many visits to the construction site. The problem is solved on case studies of selected building. The aim of the research is to point out the waste of resources by identifying possible project risks during concreting processes as well as to identify the possible causes and consequences in the realization of concrete constructions. The paper pointed out the risks associated with production of fresh concrete, formwork and transport of concrete. At the same time, paper has identified the application of permanent formwork elements as one of the possible approaches to material wastage within lean production. The waste of resources, whether material, human or devices, can be significantly reduced by thoroughly identifying the causes.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"726 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge sharing and learning in projects - Focusing on time restriction","authors":"A Ekambaram","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012024","url":null,"abstract":"Projects can be seen as a learning arena. New knowledge can be developed, and existing knowledge can be shared in projects. Several project-based organizations (PBOs) could see the importance of knowledge sharing and learning in projects – for instance to deal effectively with changes and uncertainty, and to increase productivity. However, they find it difficult to unleash a greater extent of potential benefits of learning and knowledge sharing. One of the difficulties that has been widely mentioned by practitioners and researchers is time restriction. This paper aims to look closer at how time restriction could play out its role in knowledge sharing and learning in PBOs. In addition, this paper addresses how to deal effectively with this barrier and provides suggestions for making improvement in organizational practices that can enhance knowledge sharing and learning. In order to address the topic of this paper, relevant data is collected through conducting interviews in PBOs in Norway. The interviews are of semi-structured nature. As a possible impact, the results can lead to further research by testing the suggestions in case projects or focusing on certain aspects of the results as an in-depth study.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charting the Exoskeleton Industry: A Comprehensive Insight into Dynamics and Trends","authors":"M I Al-Khiami, S M Lindhard, S Wandahl","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012014","url":null,"abstract":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) emerge amongst the main causes of early retirement, absenteeism, and loss of productivity in construction and broader industrial sectors, particularly due to repetitive and challenging tasks performed by workers often in non-optimal postures. The situation presses the industrial sector towards a paradigm shift in its traditional practices promoting social sustainability. Exoskeletons, devices designed to support the human body during work, are considered a prominent technology in mitigating WMSDs. Recognizing their potential, necessitates a thorough examination of the current landscape of exoskeleton production. A descriptive methodological approach, encompassing a review of industry reports, academic literature, and market analysis was conducted. The findings have revealed 132 distinct exoskeleton models distributed across 22 countries amongst 72 companies and a growing interest in exoskeleton manufacturing. Notably, 33% of the exoskeleton models targets the healthcare sector while 66% targets the industrial sector. Though, the industrial sector is more diversified, including various sub-sectors, of which the percentage of models none exceeding 16%. Despite 14% of the models claiming support for the construction sector, all are broadly applicable and not specifically tailored to its unique demands. This is also true to other sub-sectors. Additionally, most of the exoskeleton models are designed to support the back, followed by the upper extremities. These findings emphasize the need for sector-specific exoskeleton solutions to enhance worker safety and productivity, thereby supporting the transition towards socially sustainable industrial practices. It also allows for manufacturers to gain a consensus of the market and identify the gaps needed within this technology.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating on Combining System Dynamics and Machine Learning for Predicting Safety Performance in Construction Projects","authors":"Mirza Muntasir Nishat, Ingrid Renolen Borkenhagen, Jenni Sveen Olsen, Antoine Rauzy","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012034","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on an investigative approach to combine system dynamics and machine learning algorithms to develop an early warning system for the safety management of construction projects. As the construction industry is highly accident-prone, developing a decision-support system has always been a challenge for the research community. Therefore, 53 indicators that influence each other and the construction phase were included in the planning phase of the model. The system dynamics model was validated using extreme state and sensitivity tests, which showed reasonable trends in the number of accidents. For each simulated project, all indicator data was stored in one dataset, using two different accident rates: one for serious and one for fatal accidents. Consequently, two separate datasets were generated, one for serious accidents, which was balanced, and one for fatal accidents. Machine learning was applied to both datasets to predict safety performance. The datasets were pre-processed so that the features consisted only of data from the planning phase, with the target feature being occurrence of accident. The study revealed two key findings. First, the study showed the possibility of combining system dynamics and machine learning for safety predictions in cases where real project data is not available. Secondly, the results showed that it is possible to carry out projects with a higher risk of major accidents and provide an early warning of poor safety performance. The data set with serious accidents resulted in lower accuracy but higher recall values. However, the models struggled to identify fatal accidents as the values for the fatal accident dataset were too low. Therefore, it was discussed how other safety measurements could be more appropriate. Thus, the combination of system dynamics and machine learning has the potential to serve as a decision-support tool in construction projects and to disseminate knowledge about safety performance.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular economy competencies in Swedish architecture and civil engineering education","authors":"F. Vergani, M. Lisco, R. Sundling","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012006","url":null,"abstract":"The transition from a linear to a circular AEC sector requires redefining processes and roles, accompanied by the acquisition of new competencies and skills. Despite existing literature delineating various competencies pertinent to this transition, the lack of knowledge among the actors remains a significant barrier to enabling it. This study involves a comparative analysis of the competences needed in the AEC sector with the bachelor’s educational programs in architecture, civil engineering, and real estate and construction management offered by five higher education institutions (HEIs) participating in the Swedish Universities of the Built Environment (SBU). Aiming to emphasize the need to improve the integration of circular economy concepts and strategies within academic curricula, the overarching objective is to identify both circular-focused syllabi and the potential implementation of circular competencies in existing courses within the SBU programs. First, the results show the technical competencies deemed necessary for the transition to a circular building process. Second, by analysing course syllabi from the five Swedish HEIs, this study identifies gaps in circular-focused education and the level of integration of these competencies within the curricula. Ultimately, this study contributes to bridging the gap between Swedish education on circular economy in the AEC sector and its practical application.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complexity in project studies: A rhetorical device perspective","authors":"N Frederiksen, S C Gottlieb, A de Gier, J Bronke, M B Primdahl, A Klitgaard, C Koch","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012028","url":null,"abstract":"A frequently used term in project studies is that of complexity. This term typically conveys the presence of multiple intricate and interrelated project factors that render prediction, and ultimately performance, challenging. Complexity is ubiquitous in the context of projects, and there are competing notions of complexity and, consequently, how to cope with it. Drawing on an integrative review approach, we explore four predominant notions of complexity in project studies, provide examples of illustrative research-based constructs (root metaphors) associated with each, and discuss their differences. In doing so, we first explore Bent Flyvbjerg’s idea about the “Iron Law of Mega-Projects” as an example of <italic toggle=\"yes\">complexity inherent in the project environment</italic>. Next, Martin Barnes’ proposal of the “Iron Triangle” serves as an example of <italic toggle=\"yes\">complexity inherent in the project</italic>. Then, Kristian Kreiner’s “Drifting Environments” concept is used as an example of <italic toggle=\"yes\">complexity emerging in the project environment</italic>. Finally, Albert Hirschman’s idea about the “Hiding Hand” serves as an example of <italic toggle=\"yes\">complexity emerging in the project</italic>. After exploring the four notions, we discuss how each can serve as a potential rhetorical devise for creating relationships and reasoning between complexity and project (mis-)performance. Based on the study, we suggest that complexity in project studies, despite its linguistic grounding, exhibits polysemy in the sense that it is associated with a multitude of notions and connotations. This polysemy both obscures the phenomenon of complexity while offering a plethora of opportunities for rhetorically linking and justifying project conditions and project (mis-)performance.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}